Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics (Statistical Foundations): 1. The Problem Setup

Analyzing the physical foundations of statistical mechanics, we show that it can only be local. This means that the structure of matter and all its macroscopic parameters (except the density , the velocity of the liquid, and the temperature ) must be determined by what occurs inside a correlation sphere of the radius R10^–7cm; the values of , , and , which play the role of fixed parameters for the BBGKY hierarchy, must be found by solving hydrodynamic equations with macroscopic boundary and initial conditions taken into account.     

Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics (Statistical Foundations): 4. Kinetic Processes in Multicomponent Systems

We use the BBGKY hierarchy and the mass, momentum, and intrinsic energy conservation laws, which are consequences of this hierarchy, to obtain the hydrodynamic equations for multicomponent systems and the diffusion equations. We formulate several restrictions on the thermodynamic equations for irreversible processes.     

Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics (Statistical Foundations): 2. Thermodynamic Equilibrium

We show that the BBGKY hierarchy in thermodynamic equilibrium degenerates into an equilibrium hierarchy. In turn, the latter can be used to obtain both the fundamental system of equations describing the state of matter inside a correlation sphere of the radius R10^-7cm and the canonical Gibbs distribution, which, according to the current concepts, describes the state of the entire macroscopic system. We show that the Gibbs distribution is indeed also local, i.e., describes the state of matter only inside the correlation sphere; in the thermostat surrounding this sphere, the Gibbs distribution degenerates into a constant. We state that these two approaches are equivalent to each other.     

Quantum and Integral (Co)Bordisms in Partial Differential Equations

Characterizations of quantum bordisms and integral bordisms in PDEs by means of subgroups of usual bordism groups are given. More precisely, it is proved that integral bordism groups can be expressed as extensions of quantum bordism groups and these last are extensions of subgroups of usual bordism groups. Furthermore, a complete cohomological characterization of integral bordism and quantum bordism is given. Applications to particular important classes of PDEs are considered. Finally, we give a complete characterization of integral and quantum singular bordisms by means of some suitable characteristic numbers. Some examples of interesting PDEs which arise in physics are also considered where existence of solutions with change of sectional topology (tunnel effect) is proved. As an application, we relate integral bordism to the spectral term that represents the space of conservation laws for PDEs. This also gives a general method to associate in a natural way a Hopf algebra to any PDE.     

Geometry of Differential Equations: A Concise Introduction

A short introduction to geometrical theory of nonlinear differential equations is given to provide a unified overview to the collection 'Symmetries of differential equations and related topics'.     

An Example of (3+1)-Dimensional Integrable System

In this paper an example of the (3+1)-dimensional integrable system is considered and the infinite series of divergent forms are described. The classical symmetries for this system, the factor-equation for these symmetries, and exact solutions of this system are found.     

Parametric Statistical Uncertainty Relations and Parametric Statistical Fundamental Equations

Multivariate parametric statistical uncertainty relations are proved to specify multivariate basic parametric statistical models. The relations are expressed by inequalities. They generally show that we cannot exactly determine simultaneously both a function of observation objects and a parametric statistical model in a compound parametric statistical system composed of observations and a model. As special cases of the relations, statistical fundamental equations are presented which are obtained as the conditions of attainment of the equality sign in the relations. Making use of the result, a generalized multivariate exponential family is derived as a family of minimum uncertainty distributions. In the final section, several multivariate distributions are derived as basic multivariate parametric statistical models.     

广义拟线性双曲型方程的对称势及其守恒定律

基于Lie群方法,研究广义拟线性双曲型方程的对称势和不变解.为了得到显式的不变解,关注物理上有趣的有对称势的情况.然后,利用局部的Lagrange函数逼近,在3种物理上引起注意的情况下,得到该方程的守恒定律.     

耦合KdV方程组的对称,精确解和守恒律

通过利用修正的CK直接方法建立了耦合KdV方程组的对称群理论.利用对称群理论和耦合KdV方程组的旧解得到了它们的新的精确解.基于上述理论和耦合KdV方程组的共轭方程组的理论,得到了耦合KdV方程组的守恒律.     

Periodic and almost periodic solutions of conservation laws: Global existence and decay

In this paper we survey recent results on the decay of periodic and almost periodic solutions of conservation laws. We also recall some recent results on the global existence of periodic solutions of conservation laws systems which lie inBV _loc and are constructed through Glimm scheme. The latter motivates a discussion on a possible strategy for solving the open problem of the global existence of periodic solutions of the Euler equations for nonisentropic gas dynamics. We base our decay analysis on a general result about space-time functions which are almost periodic in the space variable, established here for the first time. This result is an abstract version of Theorem 2.1 in [31], which in turn is an extention of the combined result given by Theorems 3.1–3.2 in [9].     

一个求解双曲型守恒律方程的高分辨率GVC格式

1　引　　言本文研究双曲型方程:ut+fx=0,　t>0,-∞相似文献   

A basis of hierarchy of generalized symmetries and their conservation laws for the (3+1)-dimensional diffusion equation

We determine, by hierarchy, dependencies between higher order linear symmetries which occur when generating them using recursion operators. Thus, we deduce a formula which gives the number of independent generalized symmetries (basis) of several orders. We construct a basis for conservation laws (with respect to the group admitted by the system of differential equations) and hence generate infinitely many conservation laws in each equivalence class.     

Eigenvalues of kinematical conservation laws (KCL) based 3-D weakly nonlinear ray theory (WNLRT)

System of kinematical conservation laws (KCL) govern evolution of a curve in a plane or a surface in space, even if the curve or the surface has singularities on it. In our recent publication [K.R. Arun, P. Prasad, 3-D kinematical conservation laws (KCL): evolution of a surface in R³-in particular propagation of a nonlinear wavefront, Wave Motion 46 (2009) 293-311] we have developed a mathematical theory to study the successive positions and geometry of a 3-D weakly nonlinear wavefront by adding an energy transport equation to KCL. The 7 × 7 system of equations of this KCL based 3-D weakly nonlinear ray theory (WNLRT) is quite complex and explicit expressions for its two nonzero eigenvalues could not be obtained before. In this short note, we use two different methods: (i) the equivalence of KCL and ray equations and (ii) the transformation of surface coordinates, to derive the same exact expressions for these eigenvalues. The explicit expressions for nonzero eigenvalues are important also for checking stability of any numerical scheme to solve 3-D WNLRT.     

(G,H)-拟正则映照和B-调和方程

本文将双特征拟正则映照化为变化问题,得到其Euler-Lasranse方程,利用它得到B-调和方程的先验估计、拟正则映照的Caccippoli型不等式、正则性和可去性结果．     

非饱和土本构关系的混合物理论(Ⅱ)--线性本构方程和场方程

通过对非饱和土非线性本构方程和场方程的线性化，推导出了非饱和土的线性本构方程和场方程，把线性方程表示为与Biot饱和多孔介质方程相似的形式；证明了Darcy定律对非饱和土的适用性；说明了Biot饱和多孔介质方程是这些线性方程的特征。所有这些都表明用混合理论处理非饱和土本构问题的正确性。     

Energy Identities and Stability Analysis of the Yee Scheme for 3D Maxwell Equations

In this paper numerical energy identities of the Yee scheme on uniform grids for three dimensional Maxwell equations with periodic boundary conditions are proposed and expressed in terms of the $L^2$, $H^1$ and $H^2$ norms. The relations between the $H^1$ or $H^2$ semi-norms and the magnitudes of the curls or the second curls of the fields in the Yee scheme are derived. By the $L^2$ form of the identity it is shown that the solution fields of the Yee scheme is approximately energy conserved. By the $H^1$ or $H^2$ semi norm of the identities, it is proved that the curls or the second curls of the solution of the Yee scheme are approximately magnitude (or energy)-conserved. From these numerical energy identities, the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability condition is re-derived, and the stability of the Yee scheme in the $L^2$, $H^1$ and $H^2$ norms is then proved. Numerical experiments to compute the numerical energies and convergence orders in the $L^2$, $H^1$ and $H^2$ norms are carried out and the computational results confirm the analysis of the Yee scheme on energy conservation and stability analysis.     

On the Theory of KM2O-Langevin Equations for Stationary Flows (2): Construction Theorem

The aim of the present paper is to construct the KM₂O-Langevin matrix LM([X,Y]) directly from the correlation matrix function R by using (DDT), (FDT) and (PAC) as an algorithm.     

Solving Differential-Algebraic Equations by Taylor Series (I): Computing Taylor Coefficients

This paper is one of a series underpinning the authors’ DAETS code for solving DAE initial value problems by Taylor series expansion. First, building on the second author’s structural analysis of DAEs (BIT, 41 (2001), pp. 364–394), it describes and justifies the method used in DAETS to compute Taylor coefficients (TCs) using automatic differentiation. The DAE may be fully implicit, nonlinear, and contain derivatives of order higher than one. Algorithmic details are given. Second, it proves that either the method succeeds in the sense of computing TCs of the local solution, or one of a number of detectable error conditions occurs. AMS subject classification (2000) 34A09, 65L80, 65L05, 41A58     

(Co)Bordism Groups in PDEs

We introduce a geometric theory of PDEs, by obtaining existence theorems of smooth and singular solutions. Within this framework, following our previous results on (co)bordisms in PDEs, we give characterizations of quantum and integral (co)bordism groups and relate them to the formal integrability of PDEs. An explicit proof that the usual Thom–Pontryagin construction in (co)bordism theory can be generalized also to a singular integral (co)bordism on the category of differential equations is given. In fact, we prove the existence of a spectrum that characterizes the singular integral (co)bordism groups in PDEs. Moreover, a general method that associates, in a natural way, Hopf algebras (full p-Hopf algebras, 0 p n – 1), to any PDE, recently introduced, is further studied. Applications to particular important classes of PDEs are considered. In particular, we carefully consider the Navier–Stokes equation (NS) and explicitly calculate their quantum and integral bordism groups. An existence theorem of solutions of (NS) with a change in sectional topology is obtained. Relations between integral bordism groups and causal integral manifolds, causal tunnel effects, and the full p-Hopf algebras, 0 p 3, for the Navier–Stokes equation are determined.