旋流扩散燃烧中旋流数对热NO生成的影响

本文对旋流扩散燃烧进行了数值模拟，研究旋流数对热ＮＯ生成的影响，其中对湍流采用Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ应力方程模型，对燃烧采用ＥＢＵ－Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ模型，对热ＮＯ生成采用设定ＰＤＦ的模型。预报了不同旋流数下轴向和切向的平均和脉动速度、温度和ＮＯ浓度，指出随着旋流数的增大，计算得到的出口平均ＮＯ浓度首先升高然后下降。这一趋势和本文作者最近的实验结果的趋势一致．随着旋流数的增大，湍流脉动首先下阵然后升高，而进口附近的温度上升，二者综合效果造成上述趋势、因此在实际燃烧器中，完全靠改变族流数来控制ＮＯ生成是不现实的。应该采取其他方法来降低ＮＯ的生成。     

旋流对煤粉燃烧NO排放影响的数值模拟

本文用基于HCN释放的简化Solomon模型的NO生成湍流反应的统一二阶矩代数模型(AUSM)和煤粉燃烧的双流体模型,对不同旋流数下煤粉燃烧器内两相流动,煤粉燃烧和NO生成进行了数值模拟。模拟结果和文献中实验结果符合很好。模拟结果指出,随着旋流数的增加,NO的排放先减少后增加,燃尽率先增加后减小,和气体燃烧中得到的规律类似。     

一次风旋流数对燃烧室内湍流燃烧与NOx生成的影响

本文在分级进风旋流燃烧室的实验装置上进行了湍流燃烧的实验研究。测量了在不同的一次风旋流数下,气体的时均温度、O2、CO2、CO和NO浓度的分布。利用实验测量结果分析了一次风旋流数对燃烧室内湍流燃烧及NOx生成的影响。     

堵塞和煤粉浓缩器对旋流两相流动影响的研究

旋流煤粉燃烧器加进口堵塞和煤粉浓缩器可以影响湍流,燃烧温度以及煤粉浓度的分布,从而影响NO的生成与排放。本文用三维相位多普勒颗粒测速仪(PDPA)测量和双流体模型数值模拟研究了堵塞和煤粉浓缩器对旋流煤粉燃烧器内两相流动的影响。实验结果和数值模拟结果基本符合。实验和模拟结果都表明,无论是进口堵塞还是煤粉浓缩器都会增加旋流燃烧器的进口湍流度,同时增加进口轴线附近的颗粒浓度,后者将有利于降低NO排放。     

层流火焰下氨/甲醇裂解气燃烧与NOx生成分析

为提高氨燃料火焰传播速度,本文研究了氨中掺混甲醇裂解气混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性。结果表明：加入甲醇裂解气后层流燃烧速度明显提高,裂解气添加的化学效应对火焰传播的贡献最大,热效应较弱。NO生成量随着裂解率的提高上升,随着甲醇比例的增加先上升后下降。同位素标记法表明热力型NO占比较少,甲醇比例与裂解率越高,热力型NO越多。综合分析表明贫燃工况下氨与高比例甲醇部分裂解混合燃料提高燃烧速度的同时也可以降低NO的排放。     

城市干化污泥循环流化床燃烧过程中NO和N2O的排放特性

在15 kW循环流化床实验台上进行了城市干化污泥的燃烧实验,研究了污泥含水率、燃烧温度、过量空气系数、二次风比率等因素对NO和N₂O排放特性的影响。实验结果表明:污泥含水率从4.5%增加至17.5%时,NO排放浓度明显降低,N₂O排放浓度明显升高;燃烧温度升高,NO排放浓度呈上升趋势,N₂O排放浓度则呈下降趋势;增大过量空气系数会促进NO和N₂O的生成;提高二次风比率可以降低NO和N₂O的排放浓度。城市干化污泥在循环流化床燃烧过程中NO和N₂O的排放浓度高于污泥与煤混烧时的排放浓度,但燃料N向NO和N₂O的转化率低于与煤混烧过程。     

旋流燃烧NO生成的USM湍流反应模型

用统一二阶矩(USM)湍流反应模型对不同旋流数下甲烷-空气旋流燃烧NO生成进行了数值模拟,并和EBU-Arrhenius(E-A)燃烧模型对燃烧的模拟结果和简化PDF湍流反应模型对NO生成的模拟结果以及相应的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,USM模型显著地优于E-A模型和简化PDF模型。E-A模型不能合理地模拟有限反应动力学,而简化PDF模型用两个单变量PDF的乘积代替联合PDF,大大地低估了NO湍流反应率。USM模型预报结果和实验结果符合最好。     

分级进风对旋流燃烧室内湍流燃烧的影响

本文在分级进风旋流燃烧室的实验台上,测量了在不同的分级进风比率或二次直流风率条件下,湍流旋流燃烧的时均温度场、O_2、CO_2、CO和NO浓度场的分布。通过实验测量结果分析了分级进风对旋流燃烧室内湍流燃烧过程及NOx生成的影响。     

湍流旋流燃烧与NO_x生成的实验测量

本文设计了采用分级进风方式的旋流燃烧室,建立了湍流旋流燃烧热态实验装置系统。对分级进风旋流燃烧室内的湍流燃烧与NO_x生成进行了实验测量,获得了在不同的分级进风流量比率即二次风率下燃烧室内气体温度和O₂.CO₂、CO与NO浓度的分布。     

甲醇柴油比对二元燃料燃烧与排放特性的影响

在六缸电控单体泵增压中冷重型柴油机进气管上面布置电控甲醇喷嘴,采用柴油引燃甲醇均质混合气的二元燃料燃烧模式,开展了高甲醇柴油比的二元燃料燃烧特性与排放特性试验研究。研究结果表明;随着醇柴比的增加,二元燃料的滞燃期增加,放热率峰值、最大缸内压力和压力升高率峰值都变大;未燃HC和CO排放上升,NO_x排放则先下降后上升;烟度与颗粒物浓度排放都下降,低负荷下醇柴比为4.0时效果尤其显著;大负荷时二元燃料燃烧时热效率明显提高。     

Prediction of soot and thermal radiation in a model gas turbine combustor burning kerosene fuel spray at different swirl levels

Combustion of kerosene fuel spray has been numerically simulated in a laboratory scale combustor geometry to predict soot and the effects of thermal radiation at different swirl levels of primary air flow. The two-phase motion in the combustor is simulated using an Eulerian–Lagragian formulation considering the stochastic separated flow model. The Favre-averaged governing equations are solved for the gas phase with the turbulent quantities simulated by realisable k–? model. The injection of the fuel is considered through a pressure swirl atomiser and the combustion is simulated by a laminar flamelet model with detailed kinetics of kerosene combustion. Soot formation in the flame is predicted using an empirical model with the model parameters adjusted for kerosene fuel. Contributions of gas phase and soot towards thermal radiation have been considered to predict the incident heat flux on the combustor wall and fuel injector. Swirl in the primary flow significantly influences the flow and flame structures in the combustor. The stronger recirculation at high swirl draws more air into the flame region, reduces the flame length and peak flame temperature and also brings the soot laden zone closer to the inlet plane. As a result, the radiative heat flux on the peripheral wall decreases at high swirl and also shifts closer to the inlet plane. However, increased swirl increases the combustor wall temperature due to radial spreading of the flame. The high incident radiative heat flux and the high surface temperature make the fuel injector a critical item in the combustor. The injector peak temperature increases with the increase in swirl flow mainly because the flame is located closer to the inlet plane. On the other hand, a more uniform temperature distribution in the exhaust gas can be attained at the combustor exit at high swirl condition.     

析晶与颗粒混合污垢的实验研究

在实验室实验研究了CaCO3和Al2O3或MgO混合污垢特性,考察了颗粒浓度、工质流速和水浴温度的影响。结果表明:混合污垢热阻值比纯粹的析晶污垢的污垢热阻值大,流速增大,其污垢热阻渐近值减小,颗粒浓度增大,混合污垢渐近值增大,但当浓度达到某一值后再增加时,混合污垢渐近值基本维持常数,水浴温度在实验范围内变化对结垢影响不大。     

壁面对纳米管轴向导热影响的MD模拟与分析

纳米管是一种有着广泛应用前景的纳米材料,作为初步研究,本文采用非平衡分子动力学模拟方法和LJ势函数研究了氩结构纳米管的轴向热导率随着纳米管的温度、厚度和长度的变化,并对结果进行了分析。研究表明:在温度为12-60K的范围内,纳米管的轴向导热率随着温度的升高先上升,然后很快下降,再比较缓慢下降。氩纳米管的轴向导热率随着壁厚的增加先是基本不变,然后出现一个极大值。本文分析了产生极值的原因。     

Effects of residence time on the NOx emissions of premixed ammonia-methane-air swirling flames at elevated pressure

In this study, a bespoke single-stage swirl burner was used to experimentally investigate the effects of residence time on emissions from premixed ammonia-methane-air flames. The residence time was altered in two ways: by modifying the combustion chamber's length or by modifying the swirl number. Exhaust emissions of O₂, CO₂, CO, NO, NO₂, and N₂O were measured at an absolute pressure of 2 bar for equivalence ratios between 0.50 and 0.95 and ammonia fractions in the fuel blend between 0 and 100%. Spatial distributions of NO and OH radicals were also imaged using PLIF inside the combustion chamber at different heights above the nozzle. Data shows that increasing residence time can further advance chemical reactions, as evidenced by a reduction in O₂ concentration in the exhaust. Increasing the swirl number reduces emissions of NO, NO₂, and N₂O more efficiently than tripling the chamber's length. However, a decrease in the combustion efficiency may be responsible for a fraction of this NOx reduction when the swirl number is increased for some equivalence ratios. NO emissions are not modified when the chamber's length is increased, which is consistent with the fact that the NO-LIF signal does not decay when the distance from the nozzle increases. Therefore, NO formation is somehow restricted to within the main reaction zone of the swirling flame, that is, the zone whose height does not exceed 60 mm for this burner. Conversely, tripling the chamber's length reduces the concentrations of NO₂ and N₂O. This reduction is not reflected in a measurable increase in NO concentration because NO is present in much larger quantities than NO₂ and N₂O in flames examined here. Consistent with the fact that OH promotes NO formation via fuel-NOx pathways, a positive correlation is found between NO- and OH-LIF intensities.     

NO_x生成的有限反应速率二阶矩封闭模型

本文用有限反应速率二阶矩封闭模型对大速差射流燃烧室内煤粉燃烧过程中NO的生成进行了数值模拟，并将该模型的计算结果与Arrhenius模型的计算结果进行了比较，模拟结果表明，燃烧室中NO的生成是由燃料NO的生成机理来控制，Arrhenius模型计算得到的NO的浓度值高于有限反应速率二阶矩封闭模型的计算结果．     

非Kolmogorov湍流相位屏仿真及对光束传输模拟的影响

采用正态分布模型来描述传播路径上功率谱幂值的非均匀性,利用功率谱反演法构建了基于等效结构常数的非Kolmogorov湍流相位屏,并利用多重相位屏法进行了高斯光束在均匀各向同性湍流与非Kolmogorov湍流两种模型下的传输模拟。通过观察模拟光束的光强均匀度、光束漂移以及闪烁指数等,研究了非Kolmogorov湍流对光束传输模拟的影响。结果发现,当光束通过单个非Kolmogorov相位屏时,光强最大值与光强均匀度随着幂值先增大后减小,光束漂移随幂值在一定范围内单调变化。当光束通过多重相位屏时,发现模拟光束的光强闪烁指数会受到相位屏数量以及湍流模型的影响,当相位屏数量较多时,均匀各向同性湍流模型下模拟得到的光强闪烁指数会大于非K湍流模型下的结果,且非K湍流模拟的光束漂移与均匀各项同性湍流模拟得到的光束漂移的相对误差会随着相位屏数量增多而趋于0。     

微圆管进口区气体流动与换热特性研究

对微圆管进口区运用一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃边界,考察了Kn、动量调和及热调和系数对流动与换热特性的影响机理和规律.模拟结果表明:流动进口段长度随Kn增加而增加,但随动量调和系数减小而减小;热进口段长度随Kn增加而增加,但随动量调和系数及热调和系数减小而减小;Nu数随Kn增加及热调和系数减小而减小,但随动量调和系数减小而增加.