Some components of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris

The lipid composition of the free fatty acids of the seed oil ofMalva sylvestris from the Ukrainian flora has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid composition was represented by 20 compounds, among which malvic and sterculic acids were detected. The presence of terpineols and retinol has been shown.Zaporozh'e Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedenii, No. 3, pp. 322–325, May–June, 1994.     

Study of the essential oil composition of Pinus sylvestris from Turkey

The needle oils of Pinus sylvestris L. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed some qualitative and quantitative variations. Forty-three components were identified in the oils of P. sylvestris. All the samples of essential oils contained α-pinene, camphene, and β-pinene as major constituents. Chemical variations of P. sylvestris samples were discussed. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–25, January–February, 2006.     

Volatile components from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm

The volatile components of fresh leaves and roots from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., obtained through hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. This was compared to dichloromethane extracts of both fresh and dried leaf and root material. The monoterpene fraction (69-70%) dominated, while beta-phellandrene (39-45%) was the main component in both the leaf and the root oil. Other components in the leaf oil were beta-myrcene (17%), sabinene (6.2%), Z-beta-ocimene (5.4%) and benzene acetaldehyde (4.1%). In the roots we found Z-beta-ocimene (16.9%) and alpha-pinene (4.6%) as other major components. These principle constituents of both essential oils were also present in the dichloromethane extracts of the fresh and dried leaves and the roots, although in much smaller percentages. Comparing hydrodistillation of fresh plant material with a dichloromethane extract, the latter yielded a considerably lower amount of constituents. In addition, air drying and freeze drying resulted in a significant loss of volatile constituents as compared to fresh material (dichloromethane extract).     

Some applications of multidimensional gas chromatography to the enrichment of minor components in essential oil analysis

The use of multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) for the analysis of essential oils is gaining in importance. A rarely used application consists in the enrichment of minor components through a MDGC system provided with a cold trap between trap column and analytical column. Under suitable conditions, in fact, the cold-trap can store a trapped compound (or a fraction) for a long time. Consequently, the same fraction can be heart-cut from several successive chromatographic runs on the first column and stored together in order to accumulate trace compounds; afterwards the accumulated fraction can be injected in the analytical column. The possibilities of this technique will illustrated through some examples of analysis of complex essential oils.     

Low-molecular-weight triacylglycerols of the seed oil ofArtemisia absinthium

Low-molecular-weight triacylglycerols have been isolated from the seed oil ofArtemisia absinthown in which one acyl radical is derived from ethanoic, propanoic, butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, or nonanoic acid. Their main representatives are the ethanoyl and propanoyl derivatives, position 2 being occupied mainly by the ethanoyl radical. The isomers with a short acyl radical in position 2 make up 75% of the total of the low-molecular-weight triacylglycerides isolated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 35–38, January–February, 1981.     

Nonglyceride complex of the seed oil ofOnopordum acanthium

Extraction of the comminuted seeds has yielded an oil from which have been isolated: C₃₃-C₂₅, C₁₈ and C₁₇ paraffinic hydrocarbons, C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3, C_17:1, C_17:2 and C_17:3 olefinic hydrocarbons, ethyl esters of C_32:0, C_31:0, C_30:0, C_29:0, and C_28:0 fatty acids, sterols with molecular weights of 414, 412, and 400, and the alcohols α-amyrin and lupeol with their natural acetates. Extraction of the uncomminuted seeds has shown that the paraffinic hydrocarbons, ethyl esters, and alcohol acetates pass into the oil from the husks of the seeds. This is the first time that the C_31:0 and C_29:0 fatty acids have been detected as natural compounds, and it is the first time that the ethyl esters of C₃₄, C₃₃, C₃₂, C₃₁, and C₃₀ fatty acids have been isolated from seed oils of higher plants.     

Epoxy acids of the seed oil ofArtemisia absinthium

1. The seed oil of the Central Asian common wormwood has yielded 1.48% of cis-12,13-epoxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid, 5.94% of cis-9,10-epoxyoctadec-cis-12-enoic acid, and traces of 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, and their structures have been confirmed. 2. It is proposed to used the neutralization number of fatty acids to determine the amounts of epoxy acids in their combinations with α-hydroxydienic acids.     

The seed oil ofNepeta cataria

Summary In a study of the glyceride and fatty-acid compositions of the neutral lipids ofN. cataria seeds the presence of di- and monoglycerides in the lipids has been established. It has been shown that the predominating acid in all the glycerides is the 18:3 acid and the main types of triglycerides are those in which the position is esterified with the 18:2 acid and, to a smaller extent, the 18:3 acid.Natural fatty acid methyl esters have been isolated from a seed oil of a higher plant for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 174–176, March–April, 1978.     

The seed oil of Rindera oblongifolia

Summary The oil of the seeds ofRindera oblongifolia, family Boraginaceae, growing in Central Asia, has been studied for the first time. Among the acids of the triglycerides of the oil five types of monoenoic acid differing by the length of the carbon chain but having the same length of the terminal carbon chain — 18:1⁹, 20:1¹¹, 22:1¹³, 24:1¹⁵, and 26:1¹⁷ — have been detected for the first time. This is the first time that the last of these acids has been found in a seed oil of this family.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 26–29, January–February, 1976.     

Analysis of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides of sea buckthorn seed oil

The TMS derivatives of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides of sea buckthorn seed oil have been analyzed by mass spectrometry. On the basis of characteristic fragments it has been established that an acyl residue of one of the seven hydroxy acids found previously in hydrolysis products by the GC-MS method is attached in one of the positions of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides. The remaining positions are substituted by acyl radicals of the C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3 and C_18:0 acids. The 24 most probable components of the triglycerides include these acyl and hydroxyacyl substituents. Features of the fragmentation of the components due to presence of polyunsaturated acids have been revealed.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 176–182, March–April, 1991.     

Hydroxy acids of the seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides

With the aid of the mass-spectrometric method and making use of the advantages of an instrument with dual focusing, 25 hydroxy-acid components have been detected in the seed oil of the sea buckthorn, their main representatives being coriolic and dimorphecolic acids. They are accompanied by their homologs: 13-hydroxyhexadeca-9,11-dienoic and 9-hydroxypentadeca-10,12-dienoic, and isomers. Ricinoleic acid and its isomer 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid and trienoic acids are present in smaller amounts. Four new hydroxy acids have been found in seed oils for the first time: 11-hydroxytridec-9-enoic, 9-hydroxypentadeca-10,12-dienoic, 13-hydroxyhexadeca-9,11-dienoic, and 9,12-dihydroxynonadec-15-enoic.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 161–168, March–April, 1986.     

The glyceride complex of the seed oil ofOnopordum acanthiium

Summary The complex mixture of glycerides of a seed oil containing oxidized aryl radicals in the triglycerides (10 groups of glycerides) has been separated for the first time. New groups of monohydroxyacyl triglycerides (oxoacyl, 0.1% of the oil, and hydroperoxyacyl, 0.1%) and di(oxyacyl)triglycerides (epoxacyl-hydroxyacyl, 0.36%) have been detected and isolated.A new -oxodienoic acid has been found for which the following structural formula is proposed as the most probable: 11-oxooctadeca-cis-9,cis-12-dienoic acid.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 699–707, November–December, 1978. Original article submitted June 27, 1978.     

New oxo acids of the seed oil ofGaleopsis bifida

Oxoacylglycerols have been isolated from the lipids of the seeds ofG. bifida that contain in any of the three positions of the molecule a set of the 9(10)-oxo-18:0, 12-oxo-9-18:1, 9(10)-oxo-10(8)-18:1, 9-oxo-10,12-18:2, and 12(13)-oxo-9,13,15-(9,11,15)-18:3 acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 286–291, May–June, 1984.     

Characterization of Simarouba glauca seed oil biodiesel

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In this study, mixed convection heat transfer of the non-Newtonian power-law nanofluid including CuO nanoparticles, inside a partially porous square...