Magnetic helicity tensor for an anisotropic turbulence

The evolution of the magnetic helicity tensor for a nonzero mean magnetic field and for large magnetic Reynolds numbers in an anisotropic turbulence is studied. It is shown that the isotropic and anisotropic parts of the magnetic helicity tensor have different characteristic times of evolution. The time of variation of the isotropic part of the magnetic helicity tensor is much larger than the correlation time of the turbulent velocity field. The anisotropic part of the magnetic helicity tensor changes for the correlation time of the turbulent velocity field. The mean turbulent flux of the magnetic helicity is calculated as well. It is shown that even a small anisotropy of turbulence strongly modifies the flux of the magnetic helicity. It is demonstrated that the tensor of the magnetic part of the alpha effect for weakly inhomogeneous turbulence is determined only by the isotropic part of the magnetic helicity tensor.     

超导磁体剩余磁场对软磁材料测试的影响

超导磁体体积小,能够获得强磁场,磁场稳定度、均匀度很高,因此,在磁学测量设备中应用很广泛.美国Quantum Design公司的高精度磁学测量系统采用的就是超导磁体,最高磁场能够达到7 T.由于超导磁体材料本身缺陷的钉扎作用,在磁体退磁后,磁体内部有剩余磁场,有时能够大于30 Oe.由此产生的磁场误差将导致测试的矫顽力、剩磁等数据不准确,甚至导致反向的磁滞回线.设置的磁场初始值不同,剩余磁场的大小也不同;初始磁场越大,剩余磁场越大.这种剩余磁场效应在软磁材料测试过程中表现得尤为明显,产生的测试误差不可忽略,必须进行磁场误差修正才能得到正确的结果.本文阐明了超导磁体产生剩余磁场的原因、影响因素和规律,详述了测试软磁材料可能遇到的问题,并给出解决方法.     

磁流体粘度的实验研究

采用毛细法粘度计测量了水基Fe磁流体的粘度,分析了磁性粒子份额、表面活性剂含量以及外加磁场强度和方向对粘度的影响。实验结果表明,磁流体粘度随着磁性粒子和表面活性剂浓度的增加而增加;随着外加磁场强度的增大而增大,对于相同的磁流体,在外加磁场方向垂直于流动方向时的粘度大于外加磁场方向平行于流动方向时的粘度;表面活性剂含量的增大将减弱外加磁场对磁流体粘度的影响。     

不闭合磁芯的Tesla变压器初次级线圈电感估算

对具有不闭合磁芯的Tesla变压器磁路进行了研究,计算了Tesla变压器磁路中磁力线分布以及各处磁感应强度分布,结果表明:在磁芯所在位置,磁力线主要集中在磁芯内部; 在内外筒磁芯之间,磁力线主要分布在初次级线圈以外磁芯两端之间的空隙中。实际的Tesla变压器漏磁较小,分析了在没有漏磁的理想情况下Tesla变压器不闭合磁芯对初、次级线圈电感的影响,并给出了初、次级线圈电感的估算公式,利用估计公式得出的结果与实际测量对比,误差范围在15%以内,该公式在Tesla变压器设计和参数估算时不失为一种简便易行的处理方法。     

磁流体中Helmholtz和Kelvin力的界定

磁流体磁彻体力的两种简化形式Helmholtz力和Kelvin力具有一定的适用范围.在推导磁流体中的磁彻体力表达式基础上,分析Helmholtz力和Kelvin力在磁流体中的起源,得出两种形式的成立条件.计算结果表明:当磁流体磁导率与外磁场强度无关时,磁流体磁彻体力可由Helmholtz力表示;当磁流体中磁性颗粒的平均磁矩与磁流体比体积无关时,Kelvin力为磁彻体力的简化形式;在磁流体磁化系数与其密度成正比情况下,Helmholtz力可转换为Kelvin力. 关键词： 磁流体 磁彻体力 Helmholtz力 Kelvin力     

Rigidly connected magnetic lines: twisting and winding of magnetic lines

The dynamical process of magnetic flux variation in a fluid’s stream tube is described by constructing \(1+1+ (2)\) decomposition of the gradient of fluid’s 4-velocity. The necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a spacelike congruence to be a congruence of rigidly connected spacelike curves. The evolution of magnetic flux in a magnetic tube is explored under the assumptions that magnetic lines are rigidly connected and the chemical potential of the fluid is constant along a magnetic tube. The interplay between magnetic and stream tubes is demonstrated. It is shown that the growth of magnetic energy in a magnetic tube cannot exceed to that of a stream tube. It is found that the proper time variation of twist of magnetic lines is caused by gravitation inside a neutron star if magnetic lines are rigidly connected and charge neutrality condition holds. Helmholtz-like magnetic vorticity flux conservation in a magnetic tube constituted by rigidly connected geodetic magnetic lines is derived under the assumption that the charge neutrality condition holds. It is shown that the winding of frozen-in poloidal magnetic field due to differential rotation requires meridional circulation in an axisymmetric stationary hydromagnetic configuration.     

弱外场对铁磁晶体定态磁化取向的影响分析

首先推出了铁磁晶体在弱外场作用下定态磁化参量,用斜率比较法分析了直接影响磁化取向的参量-平均场的取值情况,讨论了弱外场对定态磁化参量的影响机制,结果发现:①在弱外场较小时,系统与无外场时的情况类似,也有两个稳定取向和一个不稳定取向;如弱外场约大于自旋相互作用,则系统只有一个沿外场方向的稳定取向;②在外场比较弱的情况下,平均场可表示为外场的线性关系;③当平均场取下值点时,所有的N+和N-随弱外场变化的两条曲线相交于坐标轴的左边,磁化强度比的零点左移,外施磁场越大,交点越趋近于A点;当平均场取上值点时,所有的N+和N-随弱外场变化的两条曲线相交于坐标轴的右边,磁化强度比的零点右移,外施磁场越大,交点越趋近于A点.     

用磁致旋光效应估测二维磁场分布

为了克服现有测量磁场方法只能单点测量的局限性,基于法拉第磁光效应原理,提出利用磁致旋光估测磁场的方法,提高了磁场测量的效率,获得了磁场的直观分布.建立磁致旋光估测磁场的实验装置,测量了永磁体的磁场,用CCD采集了偏振光通过磁场的图像,通过程序处理可获得磁铁产生的局部磁场二维分布图,并可求得二维分布图上任意点的磁感应强度.     

SEM investigation of the dependence of magnetic domain structure on the thickness of cobalt monocrystals

The magnetic domain structure of cobalt monocrystal is observed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is revealed by the so-called type-I magnetic contrast [1]. The dependence of magnetic domain width on the specimen is thickness is investigated and discussed. Digital image processing (image restoration, enhancement and analysis) is used on the images obtained directly from the SEM. The main reasons for the application of digital image processing are: poor resolution of type-I magnetic contrast due to the diffuseness of the leakage magnetic fields above the specimen surface, and complex character of magnetic domains. The resolution limit of type-I magnetic contrast in cobalt monocrystal is evaluated. Statistical distributions of magnetic domain width are also calculated and presented.     

霍尔推力器磁场位形及其优化的数值研究

基于麦克斯韦方程,在轴对称假设下建立了霍尔推力器磁场的数学模型.用有限差分方法对模型进行了离散.给出了数值求解模型的迭代法.通过对模型的数值求解,得到了相应的数值结果.通过对所得数值结果的分析,研究了磁场线圈电流变化对霍尔推力器磁场位形的影响.通过调整磁场线圈电流的大小找到了理想磁场位形.研究表明,对于理想磁场位形,内通道的磁镜比在3—3.5之间,外通道的磁镜比在0.4—0.9之间;增加磁场线圈的电流,出口的磁场强度随着增加,但不能增加磁镜比.通道内部的磁场强度几乎不随着磁场线圈电流的变化而变化. 关键词： 霍尔推力器 磁场位形 磁场线圈电流 磁镜比     

“闪光二号”5 T脉冲强磁场装置

为了满足闪光二号加速器材料热力学效应研究的新需求,设计了一套电容器储能型脉冲强磁场装置。装置主要由储能电容器、半导体放电开关、磁场线圈及高压恒流充电源组成。磁场线圈中心处最大磁感应强度可达5 T,并且可以通过调整磁场线圈与二极管的相对位置实现磁透镜比的调节。通过理论计算和数值模拟相结合的方法对脉冲强磁场的关键参数进行了分析,然后进行了脉冲强磁场的工程设计,最后使用该强磁场装置进行了实验研究。强磁场实验中,当储能电容器充电21 kV时,在磁场线圈中心处获得了5.3 T脉冲强磁场。     

基于磁通门和时域数字鉴频的磁场锁定系统

永磁型磁共振仪器的磁体易受温度和其他环境磁场干扰,造成主磁场波动,进而影响仪器测量的重复性和准确性．本文讨论了两种解决磁场波动的锁定方法：一方面,通过磁通门传感器对环境波动引起的瞬态磁场进行高灵敏探测,然后采用现场可编程门阵列进行实时处理并计算磁场补偿量;另一方面,针对环境温度变化引起的缓慢磁场偏移,则采用时域数字鉴频锁场方法,在对锁样品进行射频激发后,将磁共振信号通过混频变换到较低的频率范围,再转换为方波,然后直接送入现场可编程门阵列进行周期测量,并计算磁场补偿量．将两种方法获得的磁场补偿量叠加后,再转换为电流信号驱动安装在磁体上的B₀补偿线圈,并研制了一套磁场锁定系统,以实现对磁场的锁定.在0.5 T食品快检磁共振分析仪上进行测试验证,结果显示当受到瞬态干扰时,可将磁场稳定在±4 Hz(对应磁场为±0.093 9μT)范围内,同时也可以精准测量温度造成的磁场偏移,该结果验证了本文磁场锁定方法的可行性．     

Numerical study of magnetic nanoparticles concentration in biofluid (blood) under influence of high gradient magnetic field

Ferrofluids are widely used in pharmaceutical industries as magnetic separation tools, anti-cancer drug carriers and micro-valve applications. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the volume concentration of magnetic nanoparticles of a non-Newtonian biofluid (blood) as a drug carrier. The effect of particles on the flow field is considered. The governing non-linear differential equations, concentration and Naviar-stokes are coupled with the magnetic field. To solve these equations, a finite volume based code is developed and utilized. The results show accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles near the magnetic source until it looks like a solid object. The accumulation of nanoparticles is due to the magnetic force that overcomes the fluid drag force. As the magnetic strength and size of the magnetic particles increase, the accumulation of nanoparticles increases, as well. The magnetic susceptibility of particles also affects the flow field and the contour of the concentration considerably.     

非晶丝端部磁场效应的模拟

实验表明,不同长度的非晶丝以及非晶丝端部不同的位置都具有不同的磁特性.为了研究这种端部磁场效应,基于磁荷分布的假设,采用数值计算方法获得了非晶丝端部的磁场分布.然后,基于数值计算结果,采用拟合方法获得非晶丝内部磁场分布的一般性计算形式.由于非晶丝内部磁场强度不可能超出外磁场强度,提出由中间的均匀磁区以及两端的入磁区和出磁区所构成的非晶丝三磁区模型,并由此获得端部磁场效应的临界长度计算公式.该理论模型对端部磁场效应的模拟计算结果与已有实验现象能够符合很好.     

Periodic structure of acicular magnetic clusters in a magnetic liquid

The behavior of magnetic clusters in a magnetic liquid placed in a circular capillary is considered. When a uniform magnetic field is applied to the system, acicular clusters grow from the sediment, being aligned with the field. The interaction of the clusters as magnetic dipoles with one another and with an external gradient magnetic field is considered theoretically. In a nonuniform symmetric magnetic field with a peak, the cluster distribution is uniform near the peak. Such a distribution is fairly stable when the magnetic field gradient is varied over certain limits. The ordered (periodic) cluster configuration is realized experimentally, and it is shown that its period can be controlled. As the magnetic field gradient exceeds a certain threshold, the clusters are redistributed, forming a multirow hexagonal array.     

Fabrication of NdFeB microstructures using a silicon molding technique for NdFeB/Ta multilayered films and NdFeB magnetic powder

The silicon molding technique is described for patterning of NdFeB/Ta multilayered magnetic films and NdFeB magnetic powder at the micron scale. Silicon trenches are seamlessly filled by 12-μm-thick NdFeB/Ta multilayered magnetic films with a magnetic retentivity of 1.3 T. The topography image and magnetic field distribution image are measured using an atomic force microscope and a magnetic force microscope, respectively. Using a silicon molding technique complemented by a lift-off process, NdFeB magnetic powder is utilized to fabricate magnetic microstructures. Silicon trenches as narrow as 20 μm are filled by a mixture of magnetic powder and wax powder. The B-H hysteresis loop of the patterned magnetic powder is characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer, which shows a magnetic retentivity of approximately 0.37 T.     

High-frequency magnetic permeability of nanocomposite film

The high-frequency magnetic permeability of nanocomposite film consisting of the single-domain spherical ferromagnetic particles in the dielectric matrix is studied. The permeability is assumed to be determined by rotation of the ferromagnetic inclusion magnetic moments around equilibrium direction in AC magnetic field. The composite is modeled by a cubic array of ferromagnetic particles. The magnetic permeability tensor is calculated by solving the Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation accounting for the dipole interaction of magnetic particles. The permeability tensor components are found as functions of the frequency, temperature, ferromagnetic inclusions density and magnetic anisotropy. The obtained results show that nanocomposite films could have a rather high value of magnetic permeability in the microwave range.     

Magnetic Ordering of Strongly Magnetized Massive Nd<Subscript>2</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>14</Subscript>B Magnets

The magnetic ordering of a strongly magnetized massive rectangular magnet is studied via magnetic force microscopy. The magnetic ordering structures on the magnet’s surface are determined. An attempt is made to interpret the observed magnetic ordering by analyzing the simplest magnetic ordering models theoretically.     

String behaviour of magnetic field lines and their rotation in neutron star’s interior

It is found from Maxwell’s equations that the magnetic field lines are good analogues of relativistic strings. The Lorentz force per unit length of magnetic tube is interpretable as Magnus force acting on each individual magnetic tube. It is shown that the superconducting current in pulsar’s interior causes local rotation of magnetic flux tubes carrying quantized flux. Such local rotation remains operative as long as the induced magnetic field of normal electron fluid is above the lower critical field but below the upper. The conservation of magnetic flux leads to a geometrical condition in the form of the Weingarten identity which ensures the existence of family of “magnetic world sheetrdquo;. Each “magnetic world sheet” is a magnetic flux conserving surface. In the process of collapse, a compact spacelike cross-section of a magnetic tube terminates into a trapped surface if the magnetic energy grows faster along the fluid flow lines than that along the magnetic field lines.     

周期性磁谐振材料本构参数的理论分析

将薄的磁谐振介质板等效为面磁流, 利用周期性边界条件, 给出了面磁流的指数形式. 通过计算无穷个面磁流在不同空间位置上产生的总电场和总磁场, 推导出了周期性磁谐振人工材料的色散关系和布洛赫阻抗, 进而获取了布洛赫本构参数的理论计算公式. 由于考虑了磁谐振人工材料中的电反谐振对布洛赫介电常数和磁导率的影响, 所以基于仿真实验的布洛赫本构参数的提取值和布洛赫本构参数理论预测值之间的误差很小, 这说明本文推导的布洛赫本构参数的理论计算公式在描述周期性磁谐振材料的电磁特性方面是十分有效的. 这些理论公式将在解释磁谐振现象、设计和优化周期性磁谐振材料等方面提供重要的理论依据. 关键词： 周期性结构 磁谐振 布洛赫本构参数 面磁流