Optical absorption of EuTe in high magnetic fields

For the first time, the optical absorption edge of the magnetic semiconductor europium telluride has been studied at low temperature (1.7 K) as a function of magnetic field in the high field range 0 ≤ H ≤ 9.5 Tesla, and related to the magnetic phase diagram of this material. The exponential absorption edge has been parameterized using a magnetic field dependent extension of Urbach's rule, and the observations are found to be consistent with a simple dependence of the gap parameter on polarization and magnetic field.     

Microwave absorption in high-T c superconductors at high magnetic fields

In the mixed state of superconductors (H _c1?H?H _c2) the penetration of microwaves is governed by both, complex conductivity σ(T) and driven oscillation of vortices. In this paper, we show that an effective microwave conductivity can be derived and used to fit the field dependences of the surface resistanceR _s. The fit parameter is the upper critical field. Measurements on single crystals YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ were made in magnetic fields (H∥c) up to 2.25 T, and in the temperature range from 70–100 K. The critical temperature for mean field superconductivity appears to be 89.3 K, while the apparent onset in the curve ofR _s(T) appears at about 92 K. The magnetic dependences ofR _s clearly demonstrate that one can separate the regions of mean field superconductivity from the region of fluctuations.     

Induced magnetic phase transitions in rare-earth intermetallic compounds RMn2Ge2 in ultrastrong magnetic fields

The differential magnetic susceptibility of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y) with a layered tetragonal structure is measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 130 T. It is found that all these compounds undergo a first-order magnetic phase transition in strong magnetic fields. The nature of this transition is discussed, and it is found that a change in the magnetic state of the manganese sublattice is responsible for the transition.     

ABMR-Ramsey patterns of strongly field dependent transitions of lithium at high magnetic fields

Using the atomic beam magnetic resonance method we observed Ramsey patterns of strongly field dependent transitions of Li, Na and Rb at high magnetic fields. The structures were of high symmetry, with half widths of the central minimums between 20 kHz and 6 kHz. In a first experiment we determined theg _J -factor ratiog _J (⁶Li)/g _J (⁷Li)=1+3(70)·10^?10.     

Efficiency of the microwave energy absorption in a plasma at high magnetic fields

It was shown experimentally that the efficiency of the microwave energy absorption in an inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma strongly depends on the polarization of electromagnetic waves entering the plasma. At high magnetic fields satisfying the condition _ce />1 the RHCP wave (right-hand circularly polarized wave) is absorbed most effectively; here _ce and are the electron cyclotron frequency and the angular frequency of an electromagnetic wave respectively. The experimental results are in a good qualitative agreement with theory.On leave fromA. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Drs. V. I.Fedorov and A. D.Pilija from A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Leningrad, for many valuable discussions.     

Notes on the absorption of sound in high magnetic fields

We study the absorption of sound by a free electron-impurity system in a quantizing magnetic field and derive a formula for the absorbed power on the basis of linear response theory. In the approximation of constant relaxation time and in the limit of high temperatures (1/τ?kT) this formula is essentially equivalent to the formulas used by Gurevichet al. and by Svirskii. Without these restricting assumptions we obtain general conditions for the appearance of quantum oscillations. We discuss the influence of spin flip scattering on the shape of the 0⁺-absorption line. Furthermore, we show that the usual kinetic approach leads to the incorrect results given by Quinn.     

Optical spectroscopy on semiconductor quantum dots in high magnetic fields

We review the recent literature on the use of optical spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots in high magnetic fields. We address both self-assembled epitaxial dots and colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots, each of which has its own characteristic optical response. Combining simple theoretical models for quantum confinement with the effect of high magnetic fields we describe the basic optically allowed transitions expected for epitaxial and colloidal quantum dots. Within these models we discuss the effects of quantum confinement and orbital and spin Zeeman effects on the optical spectra, illustrated by experimental examples. Finally, effects of electron–electron and exchange interactions are addressed.     

Photocurrent spectroscopy of indirect transitions in Ge/Si multilayer quantum dots at room temperature

Lateral photoconductivity spectra of multilayer Ge/Si heterostructures with Ge quantum dots were studied in the work proposed at room temperature. The photocurrent with minimal energy 0.48-0.56 eV that is smaller than Ge band gap was observed from such structures at the geometry of waveguide excitation. Generation of the photocurrent with the limit energy 0.48-0.56 eV was explained by spatially indirect electron transitions from heavy hole states of SiGe valence band into Δ₂-valley of the conduction band of Si surrounding. It was found out that the limit energy of such transitions decreased, as the number of SiGe quantum dot layers increased.     

Electron-phonon scattering in potassium at high magnetic fields

We have measured the temperature dependence of both the zero-field resistivity and the transverse magnetoresistance of polycrystalline potassium wires (?(300 K)/?(4.2 K)=140 to 6000) in fieldsH?35 kG and at temperaturesT?4.2 K. Our principal findings are: 1) The presence of a large magnetic fieldH=35 kG does not alter the temperature dependence of ? from that observed atH=0; below 4.2 K theT-dependent part of the resistivities,_?T (H=0) and_?T (H=35 kG), fit well to the function exp (?Θ*/T) with the same Θ*=23K. 2) Deviations from Matthiessen's rule are significantly reduced in a strong field so that the magnitude of_?T (H=0) approaches that of_?T (H=35 kG) as sample purity decreases. 3) The slope of the high-field linear magnetoresistance increases slightly (?8%) from 1.5 K to 4.2 K. We attribute the exponential temperature dependence of_?T (H) to the freezing out of electron-phonon umklapp processes as has been shown for the zero-field resistivity. The reduction in deviations from Matthiessen's rule at high fields can be understood within semiclassical theory, but the latter cannot explain the failure of_?T (H) to saturate at high fields. A proposal by Young that electron-phonon umklapp scattering may contribute aT-dependent high-field linear magnetoresistance in potassium is considered.     

Optical spectroscopy in semiconductors in high magnetic fields using polarization modulation

Differential magneto-reflection spectra in the 1.8 to 5 eV energy range are presented for GaP, Ge, GaAs, InSb, and Si. These spectra were obtained using polarization-modulated light from [111] faces of samples in the Faraday configuration. In medium strength magnetic fields, the results are similar to those obtained using other techniques, such as electric field modulation and wavelength derivative spectroscopy in the same energy range. In higher magnetic fields (B of 50 kG or larger) more detailed structure is resolved. Oscillations attributed to Landau level transitions have been seen at critical points in the visible in InSb and in GaSb in fields up to 100 kG. At the E₁ edge an unexpected anomaly has been observed in InSb. Within experimental error, the Landau levels are equally spaced for n < 5 and n > 5 but at n = 5 there is an abrupt change in the cyclotron energy. Here n is the usual magnetic quantum number. The transverse masses are measured as $\text{m}\text{μ}{}_1\text{= 18.9 ± 0.9 (n < 5)}$, and $\text{m}\text{μ}{}_2\text{= 16.0 ± 0.9 (n > 5)}$. Possible causes of this effect are discussed. In GaSb at the corresponding threshold. Landau level observations give a mass value of $\text{m}\text{μt}\text{= 21.4 ± 1.5}$.     

Infrared cyclotron resonance in InSb,GaAs and Ge in very high magnetic fields

Infrared cyclotron resonance was observed in n-type InSb, GaAs and Ge in very high magnetic fields up to 1.3 MOe at room temperature using a CO₂ laser. A large shift of the cyclotron mass due to the non-parabolicity of the energy band was found in each material. The band edge masses of electrons at room temperature were evaluated to be $\text{m}{}^1\text{= 0.0127 m}$ for InSb, $\text{m}{}^1\text{= 0.065}$m for GaAs and $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{= 0.086}$m for Ge. The linewidth was measured in GaAs and Ge in the high fields.     

硅的间接跃迁双光子吸收系数谱

利用皮秒Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,测量出光子能量介于1.36 μm (0.912 eV)—1.80 μm (0.689 eV)之间的硅间接跃迁双光子吸收系数谱.尽管此波段范围内的激光光子能量小于硅间接带隙,但当激光辐照在硅基光电二极管受光面时,在二极管两电极端仍然探测到了显著的脉冲光伏信号.光伏信号峰值强度与入射光强呈二次幂函数关系,表明其是双光子吸收过程.采用pn结等效结电容充放电模型,将光伏响应信号峰值与入射光强相关联,从中提取出硅的间接跃迁双光子吸收系数,改变入射波长得到系数谱.研究表明:     

Martensitic phase transitions in strong magnetic fields

The model of linear chains is used to study the lattice softening of A 15-compounds in strong magnetic fields. It is shown that a strong field stabilizes the cubic phase due to the Zeeman energy of the conduction electrons. Experiments are suggested to test our theoretical findings.     

Nuclear acoustic resonance in tantalum at high magnetic fields

Nuclear acoustic resonance has been observed at much higher magnetic fields than previously reported for nonmagnetic materials. Marked differences between the Δm = 1 and the Δm = 2 line shapes in tantalum were noted.     

Efficient dynamic nuclear polarization at high magnetic fields

By applying a new technique for dynamic nuclear polarization involving simultaneous excitation of electronic and nuclear transitions, we have enhanced the nuclear polarization of the nitrogen nuclei in 15N@C60 by a factor of 10(3) at a fixed temperature of 3 K and a magnetic field of 8.6 T, more than twice the maximum enhancement reported to date. This methodology will allow the initialization of the nuclear qubit in schemes exploiting N@C60 molecules as components of a quantum information processing device.     

Resonant neutrino spin-flip transitions in twisting magnetic fields

We examine here in detail the dynamics of neutrino spin-flip transitions in twisting magnetic fields. The properties of various resonant conversions induced by field rotation are considered. The suppression factors for solarv _eL due to spin-flip transitions in twisting magnetic fields are calculated, and possible implications for solar neutrino experiments are discussed.     

Quantum-classical transitions in Lifshitz tails with magnetic fields

We consider Lifshitz's model of a quantum particle subject to a repulsive Poissonian random potential and address various issues related to the influence of a constant magnetic field on the leading low-energy tail of the integrated density of states. In particular, we propose the magnetic analog of a 40-year-old landmark result of Lifshitz for short-ranged single-impurity potentials U. The Lifshitz tail is shown to change its character from purely quantum, through quantum classical, to purely classical with an increasing range of U. This systematics is explained by the increasing importance of the classical fluctuations of the particle's potential energy in comparison to the quantum fluctuations associated with its kinetic energy.