对蜡烛燃烧产物成分的再探究

蜡烛燃烧实验是九年级化学教材中的一个典型实验,在检验蜡烛燃烧产物的实验中,发现在从蜡烛燃烧的内焰与外焰结合区域引出的气体中不仅含有石蜡蒸气和一氧化碳,而且还含有能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液和溴水褪色的物质,再将其分别通入银氨溶液和氯化亚铜氨溶液中后,还分别产生了白色和红色沉淀.由此得出在蜡烛燃烧的气体产物中可能含有末端炔烃和烯烃等物质的结论.     

巧用液封集气瓶验证蜡烛燃烧产物

对蜡烛燃烧实验进行了改进。将蜡烛放置在液封集气瓶中燃烧,可以简单方便地同时验证多种燃烧产物,白烟复燃的成功率大大提高。此外,还验证了在加热条件下,炭可使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色。     

品红褪色机理的实验探究

中学阶段常用于检验二氧化硫气体的品红溶液分为酸性品红和碱性品红2种。通过设计集演示、对比于一体的绿色环保二氧化硫性质实验装置,优化实验条件,探讨了酸性品红和碱性品红与SO2、酸碱反应的性质差异及褪色机理,并提出鉴别酸性品红和碱性品红的简便办法。     

探究苯与酸性高锰酸钾溶液的褪色反应

人教版高中教材《化学2》明确指出苯不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色。但在实验中多次发现苯与酸性高锰酸钾溶液混合后放置一段时间能够褪色。为探讨这一问题，设计了以光照或黑暗、加酸或不加酸为条件，利用紫外-可见分光光度计对放置不同时间后的混合液体进行测试，并对反应后生成的沉淀物进行XRD表征的实验方案。通过对实验数据的综合分析提出了苯与酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色反应的可能反应机理。     

燃烧-间接比色法测定硫

钢铁中硫的测定,目前采用最普遍的是燃烧-碘量法。它快速,适用范围广,准确度能满足一般要求。缺点是有时结果不稳,原因是多方面的。在产生二氧化硫的瞬间难于控制好的滴定速度和在大量气泡干扰下难于判断准确的滴定终点,是主要原因之一。本文利用酸性高锰酸钾溶液吸收二氧化硫而褪色,测量吸收液(以水作参比值)的吸光度的改变,从而测定硫的含量,即“间接比色法”,基     

分光光度法测定居室甲醛气体浓度

利用氧化还原反应原理,试用过量酸性高锰酸钾吸收空气中甲醛气体,借助分光光度计检测过剩高锰酸钾浓度,从而实现居室甲醛气体定量测定。     

二氧化硫系列演示实验的设计

二氧化硫具有漂白性、还原性、氧化性以及其水溶液具有酸性。在化学教学中 ,一般的演示方法存在如下不足 :(1)药品用量多 ,造成浪费。 (2 )使用仪器多 ,装置冗杂 ,操作麻烦。 (3)实验时间长 ,影响教学进程。 (4)实验过程中有二氧化硫、硫化氢气体逸散 ,造成教学环境污染 ,影响师生健康。下面介绍笔者自己设计的一种密闭式二氧化硫系列演示实验装置及其操作步骤。1　实验用品无水亚硫酸钠、浓硫酸、0 1%品红溶液、1%高锰酸钾的酸性溶液、30 %硫化钠溶液、5 %氢氧化钠溶液、蓝色石蕊试纸、滤纸条、脱脂棉、2 0× 2 0 0ｍｍ大试管、球形干燥管…     

石油催化裂化催化剂的选择

按高中化学课本第二册图4——21的装置,用市售蜡烛（去掉烛芯）3克捣成粉末,称量新制氧化铝粉末1.5克混合均匀,放入干燥的大试管里,加热8-10分钟后,所产生的气体就能使紫红色的酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色。     

品红能否检验SO2

1课题引入教科书在介绍浓硫酸与铜反应时有这样的叙述:浓硫酸与铜在加热时能发生反应,放出能使紫色石蕊试液变红或使品红溶液褪色的气体。从对实验现象的分析中,我们可以得出这样一个结论:浓硫酸与铜反应生成的气体并不是氢气。实验证明,反应生成的气体是二氧化硫[1]。这段话虽     

一个质量守恒定律新实验体系的讨论

建立了一个在密闭系统内高锰酸钾固体与双氧水溶液反应生成氧气的实验.通过高锰酸钾的褪色及气体的生成,可观察到化学反应的进行.使用万分之一电子天平可准确记录反应全过程质量毫克级的微小变化.通过计算反应物高锰酸钾及产物氧气物质的量,可使学生更好地理解化学反应方程恒等式.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.