共价有机框架材料(COFs)在多相催化中的应用

共价有机框架材料(COFs)是一类多孔有机材料,由轻质元素组成,具有比表面积大、孔径可调、稳定性好等特点,在多相催化领域有着广泛的应用.通过改变构筑单元和缩合反应("自下而上"合成法)的类型,或是通过合成后修饰的手段,COFs可以被赋予多种功能并高效催化一系列反应.本文以基于COFs材料的催化反应类型为分类依据,对近年...     

共价有机框架材料应用进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)由C、H、N、O等轻质元素组成,是一种通过共价键连接的晶型材料。近十年来发展迅速,受到研究人员的密切关注。COFs具有良好的稳定性、低密度、规则有序的孔道结构、结构的可预测性和可设计性等优点,被广泛应用到吸附、催化、储能、生物传感器和荧光识别等重要领域,但其存在合成困难、合成方法有限等问题。文章回顾了COFs材料的发展背景,选取吸附、催化、储能这三个方面的应用进行详细说明,分析COFs材料能被应用到这三个领域的原因,列举最新的研究成果,并阐述了COFs与特定分子结合在不同条件下应用的机理,总结各领域应用的异同,分析在应用中存在的主要问题。最后,对于COFs材料自身以及在应用中存在的问题提出针对性的建议。     

共价有机骨架聚合物(COFs)的应用研究进展

共价有机骨架聚合物(COFs)是一类结晶微孔聚合物,具有优异的孔性质、高的热及化学稳定性和大的比表面积,在气体储存、催化、光电材料等诸多领域中有重要的应用前景,已成为国内外的研究热点。本文主要综述了共价有机骨架聚合物对氢气、甲烷、二氧化碳等气体的吸附与储存,并介绍了共价有机骨架聚合物近几年在非均相催化、光电材料、重金属离子吸附、光催化制氢等方面的应用所取得的重要进展。文章最后总结了当前共价有机骨架聚合物遇到的一些问题,并对该领域未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

共价有机框架材料在光催化领域中的应用

共价有机框架(COFs)材料是有机构筑基元通过共价键连接而形成的晶态有机多孔材料. COFs具有孔道结构规整、及比表面积高等特点,被广泛地应用于气体储存与分离、催化、传感、储能及光电转化等领域.将具有可调吸光能力的有机构筑基元引入到COFs中,可使其展现出强大的光催化潜力.近年来, COFs在光催化领域中发展迅猛.本文总结了COFs在光催化产氢、光催化二氧化碳还原、光催化有机反应以及光催化污染物降解等方面的研究进展,并展望了其在光催化领域的应用前景.     

共价有机框架材料在吸附领域的研究进展

共价有机框架材料(Covalent Organic Frameworks,COFs)是由有机结构单元通过共价键连接的具有期性结构的多孔化合物。共价有机框架材料具有永久的孔隙、高的比表面积、可调的孔径、易于功能化和高的水热稳定性等优点,广泛应用于许多领域。本文总结了COFs目前主要的合成方法,介绍了COFs在吸附领域的应用和发展。最后,文章指出未来的研究重点是发展更多有机反应和键连方式,合成具有高度稳定性和结晶度、成本低廉的功能性材料。     

共价有机框架材料固定化酶的研究进展

共价有机框架（Covalent Organic Frameworks, COFs）是一种新型的多孔材料,具有结构规整、骨架稳定、孔径结构可调等特点,被视为固定化酶的理想载体。我们主要总结了近10年来COFs材料作为载体,通过物理吸附、共价连接、包埋的固定化策略制备固定化酶的研究进展与应用,并讨论了COFs材料在酶固定化领域所面临的机遇和挑战。     

共价有机框架材料在固相萃取中的最新应用进展

固相萃取技术是一种快速简便的样品前处理技术,能够实现分析物的富集,提高分析检测的准确性和灵敏度,已被广泛应用于食品安全检测、环境污染物分析等领域。如何提高方法的灵敏度和选择性是样品前处理领域的不懈追求,其关键在于萃取材料的选择。共价有机框架(COFs)材料是一类晶态多孔聚合物,其首先经热力学控制的可逆聚合反应形成连锁单元,然后与具有一定对称性的有机小分子构筑单元连接而形成,已被广泛应用于气体吸附、催化、传感、药物输送等领域。COFs具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、稳定性好、可设计性强以及合成简单、选择性高等优点,在样品前处理领域中引起了广泛关注。目前,COFs作为一种新型固相萃取材料,已被应用于食品、环境、生物样品中不同类别污染物的萃取富集,如重金属离子、多环芳烃、苯酚、氯酚、氯苯、多溴联苯醚、雌激素、药物残留、农药残留等。采用不同单体合成的COFs对于不同类型分析物具有不同的富集效果,因此也可以通过对其进行修饰合成一种新型COFs,以达到对某种结构分析物的高效选择性富集。本文将介绍COFs的主要类型及合成方法,并重点介绍近3年来COFs作为固相萃取材料在食品、环境、生物领域方面的重要应用,...     

共价有机框架材料的发展与应用:气体存储、催化与化学传感

共价有机框架材料（Covalent Organic Frameworks,COFs）是由有机结构单元通过共价键连接的具有周期性结构的多孔化合物。作为一类新型的结晶性有机多孔材料,由于其密度低、比表面积大、孔隙率高、结晶度好、稳定性高及结构单元可设计等特点受到科学界的广泛关注,在气体吸附与分离、光电、催化、药物传递、储能及化学传感与色谱分离等领域表现出良好的应用前景。本文对COFs材料的发展与应用研究进展进行了简要的综述,对COFs应用中尚待解决的问题进行了总结并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

共价有机框架材料研究进展

共价有机框架材料是一类具有周期性和结晶性的有机多孔聚合物。共价有机框架材料由轻质元素通过共价键连接,拥有较低的密度、高的热稳定性以及固有的多孔性,在气体吸附、非均相催化、能量存储等研究领域有着广泛的应用潜力,引起了科学界强烈的研究兴趣。本文主要综述了近年来共价有机框架材料的最新研究进展,包括其结构设计、合成、纯化、表征以及在气体吸附,催化及光电等方面的应用,并对共价有机框架材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

共价有机框架在水中二价汞吸附去除中的应用

伴随现代工业的迅速发展,大量含汞化合物通过多种途径进入水环境。二价汞离子(Hg²⁺)是水体中汞的主要存在形态,开发先进的水体Hg²⁺去除技术对于降低健康风险和保障生态安全至关重要。作为有效的水处理技术之一,吸附法去除水中的Hg²⁺已得到了人们的关注,而寻找性能优异的吸附材料是取得突破的关键。近年来,共价有机框架(Covalent organic frameworks,COFs)凭借其高比表面积、有序的多孔结构和表面易功能化等优势,已被广泛应用于环境修复领域。本文主要综述了COFs在吸附去除水中Hg²⁺方面的最新进展,探讨COFs的结构设计、功能化合成、水中Hg²⁺吸附行为、反应机理、环境影响因素以及拓展至规模化应用的潜力,并展望该领域未来发展的新机遇。     

Divergent Chemistry Paths for 3D and 1D Metallo‐Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)

The marriage of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) and coordination chemistry is a powerful tool for assembling complex architectures from simple building units. Recently, the synthesis of woven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with topologically fascinating structures has been achieved using this approach. However, the scope is highly limited and there is a need to discover new pathways that can assemble covalently linked organic threads into crystalline frameworks. Herein, we have identified branching pathways leading to the assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) woven COFs or one‐dimensional (1D) metallo‐COFs (mCOFs), where the mechanism is underpinned by the absence or presence of ligand exchange.     

Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with Symmetry-Tuned Polarity and Photocatalytic Activity

The polarity of a semiconducting molecule affects its intrinsic photophysical properties, which can be tuned by varying the molecular geometry. Herein, we developed a D_3h-symmetric tricyanomesitylene as a new monomer which could be reticulated into a vinylene-linked covalent organic framework (g-C₅₄N₆-COF) via Knoevenagel condensation with another D_3h-symmetric monomer 2,4,6-tris(4′-formyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. Replacing tricyanomesitylene with a C_2v-symmetric 3,5-dicyano-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine gave a less-symmetric vinylene-linked COF (g-C₅₂N₆-COF). The octupolar conjugated characters of g-C₅₄N₆-COF were reflected in its scarce solvatochromic effects either in ground or excited states, and endowed it with more promising semiconducting behavior as compared with g-C₅₂N₆-COF, such as enhanced light-harvesting and excellent photo-induced charge generation and separation. Along with the matched energy level, g-C₅₄N₆-COF enabled the two-half reactions of photocatalytic water splitting with an average O₂ evolution rate of 51.0 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ and H₂ evolution rate of 2518.9 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹. Such values are among the highest of state-of-the-art COF photocatalysts.     

Divergent Chemistry Paths for 3D and 1D Metallo-Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)

The marriage of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) and coordination chemistry is a powerful tool for assembling complex architectures from simple building units. Recently, the synthesis of woven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with topologically fascinating structures has been achieved using this approach. However, the scope is highly limited and there is a need to discover new pathways that can assemble covalently linked organic threads into crystalline frameworks. Herein, we have identified branching pathways leading to the assembly of three-dimensional (3D) woven COFs or one-dimensional (1D) metallo-COFs (mCOFs), where the mechanism is underpinned by the absence or presence of ligand exchange.     

Colyliform Crystalline 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with Quasi-3D Topologies for Rapid I2 Adsorption

Constructing three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics on two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a good approach to effectively improve the permeability and mass transfer rate of the materials and realize the rapid adsorption for guest molecules, while avoiding the high cost and monomer scarcity in preparing 3D COFs. Herein, we report for the first time a series of colyliform crystalline 2D COFs with quasi-three-dimensional (Q-3D) topologies, consisting of unique “stereoscopic” triangular pores, large interlayer spacings and flexible constitutional units which makes the pores elastic and self-adaptable for the guest transmission. The as-prepared QTD-COFs have a faster adsorption rate (2.51 g h⁻¹) for iodine than traditional 2D COFs, with an unprecedented maximum adsorption capacity of 6.29 g g⁻¹. The excellent adsorption performance, as well as the prominent irradiation stability allow the QTD-COFs to be applied for the rapid removal of radioactive iodine.     

共价有机框架材料在固定化酶及模拟酶领域的应用

共价有机框架(Covalent Organic Frameworks, COFs)是一类由轻质元素通过可逆共价键连接而成的晶型多孔有机材料。因具有高比表面积、低密度、规则的孔隙和易于功能化等独特的性能和结构,COFs在气体吸附、化学传感和非均相催化等领域有着广泛的应用前景。近年来,COFs逐渐显现出在固定化酶和模拟酶领域的应用潜力,由于可以轻松定制COF上的官能团以保持COF与酶之间的特定相互作用,因此COF成为有吸引力的酶固定基质。此外,COF的连续且封闭的开放通道为渗透酶提供了良好的微环境。同时,探索了COF模拟酶的特征,通过“从下到上”的方法或后修饰策略设计了COF模拟酶。这不仅扩展了固定化酶载体材料的研究和应用范围,还为模拟酶仿生催化提供了新的研究思路。本文综述了COFs固定化酶和作为纳米材料模拟酶(纳米酶)在生物催化领域的研究进展,详细讨论了COFs载体的合成和功能化策略、固定化酶方式,以及COFs纳米酶的设计理念、催化活性和选择性等内容。最后总结了目前COFs在酶催化领域所面临的挑战和未来发展的机遇。     

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) for Cancer Therapeutics

As newly emerged crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess fascinating structures and some specific features such as modularity, crystallinity, porosity, stability, versatility, and biocompatibility. Besides adsorption/separation, sensing, catalysis, and energy applications, COFs have recently shown a promise in biomedical applications. This contribution provides an overview of the recent developments of COF-based medicines in cancer therapeutics, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and combined therapy. Furthermore, the major challenges and developing trends in this field are also discussed. These recent developments are summarized and discussed to help encourage further contributions in this emerging and promising field.     

Thiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis,Photophysics and Light-Driven Applications

Porous crystalline materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have emerged as some of the most important materials over the last two decades due to their excellent physicochemical properties such as their large surface area and permanent, accessible porosity. On the other hand, thiophene derivatives are common versatile scaffolds in organic chemistry. Their outstanding electrical properties have boosted their use in different light-driven applications (photocatalysis, organic thin film transistors, photoelectrodes, organic photovoltaics, etc.), attracting much attention in the research community. Despite the great potential of both systems, porous COF materials based on thiophene monomers are scarce due to the inappropriate angle provided by the latter, which hinders its use as the building block of the former. To circumvent this drawback, researchers have engineered a number of thiophene derivatives that can form part of the COFs structure, while keeping their intrinsic properties. Hence, in the present minireview, we will disclose some of the most relevant thiophene-based COFs, highlighting their basic components (building units), spectroscopic properties and potential light-driven applications.     

Metal–Covalent Organic Frameworks (MCOFs): A Bridge Between Metal–Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks

Many sophisticated chemical and physical properties of porous materials strongly rely on the presence of the metal ions within the structures. Whereas homogeneous distribution of metals is conveniently realized in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the limited stability potentially restricts their practical implementation. From that perspective, the development of metal–covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) may address these shortcomings by incorporating active metal species atop highly stable COF backbones. This Minireview highlights examples of MCOFs that tackle important issues from their design, synthesis, characterization to cutting‐edge applications.