A new subregion mesh method for the investigation of the elastic-plastic impact in flexible multibody systems

Impact processes between flexible bodies often lead to local stress concentration and wave propagation of high frequency. Therefore, the modeling of flexible multi-body systems involving impact should consider the local plastic deformation and the strict requirements of the spa-tial discretization. Owing to the nonlinearity of the stiffness matrix, the reduction of the element number is extremely important. For the contact-impact problem, since different regions have different requirements regarding the element size, a new subregion mesh method is proposed to reduce the number of the unnecessary elements. A dynamic model for flexible multibody systems with elastic-plastic contact impact is established based on a floating frame of reference formulation and complete Lagrange incremental nonlin-ear finite-element method to investigate the effect of the elastic-plastic deformation as well as spatial discretization. Experiments on the impact between two bodies are carried out to validate the correctness of the elastic-plastic model. The proposed formulation is applied to a slider-crank system with elastic-plastic impact.     

色散方程的高稳定性两层四点显格式的单点精细积分法

基于单点精细积分的思想,对色散方程Ｕｔ＝ａＵｘｘｘ构造了一类高稳定性的两层四点显式差分格式,其局部截断误差为Ｏ（τ＋ｈ）稳定性条件为│Ｒ│＝│ａτ／ｈ＾３│≤ｆ（β）,对任意正实数β为单调递增函数,它们不仅显著地改善了同类格式的稳定性条件│Ｒ│≤０．２５而且也优于众多三层多点（５点或５点以上）显格式的稳定性条件。     

色散方程的高稳定性三层五点显格式的广义单点精细积分法

基于文（１）中的单点精细积分方法,对色散方程Ｕｔ＝ａＵｘｘｘ提出了一种构造高稳定性三层五点（蛙跳）显格式的广义单点精细积分法,文中格式的局部截断误差为Ｏ（ｘ＾２＋ｈ＾２）,而稳定性条件为｜Ｒ｜≤ｇ（β）（其中ｇ对任意正实数是单调递增函数）,同时类格式中最好的。     

结构动力响应数值算法耗散和超调特性设计

对结构动力响应数值计算问题提出引入多个自由参数来获得所希望的算法特性. 多参数的一个明显的好处就是在算法设计上有更大的自由空间. 利用这些自由参数获得了两个新的无条件稳定、有二阶精度的、有好的耗散和没有超调的单步时间直接积分算法. 在存在阻尼情况下基于有限差分分析理论证明了新算法的这些特性. 其中一个有高频渐进消去特性,且在有阻尼情况下与Houbolt方法相比对高频有更强的耗散. 另一个在低频极限无耗散,高频耗散可以用一自由参数控制. 超调分析结果显示两个新算法都不显示超调,而HHT方法不仅有速度超调,还有位移超调. 最后使用一些算例并通过与传统方法的比较数值地验证了理论分析结果.     

Transient impact responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells

The generalized ray method (GRM) has been successfully used to study the transient elastic wave transmitting in the beams, planar trusses, space frames and infinite layered media. In this letter, the GRM is extended to investigate the early short time transient responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells under impact load. By using the Laplace transformation and referring to the boundary conditions, the ray groups transmitting in the finite laminated cylindrical shells under the shock load are obtained and the transient response related to each ray group can be derived via FFT algorithm. From the numerical results, it is shown that the early short time transient accelerations of the laminated composite cylindrical shell under impact loads are very large. But the short time transient shear strain and displacement are very small.     

A family of high-order accuracy explicit difference schemes with branching stability for solving 3-D parabolic partial differential equation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｅｏｆｔｅｎｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｓｏｌｖｉｎｇｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｒａｂｏｌｉｃｔｙｐｅｉｎｍａｎｙｆｉｅｌｄｓｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｅｐａｇｅ ,ｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ ,ｈｅａｔｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｃａｓｅｏｆ3＿ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｎｉｎｉｔｉａｌａｎｄｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｖａｌｕｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ: ｕ ｔ = 2 ｕ ｘ2 2 ｕ ｙ2 2 ｕ ｚ2 　　　　 (0 <ｘ,ｙ,ｚ<1 ;ｔ>0 ) ,ｕ(ｘ ,ｙ,ｚ,0 ) =φ(ｘ ,ｙ ,ｚ)…     

A class of two-level explicit difference schemes for solving three dimensional heat conduction equation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｅａｌｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌ＿ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｖａｌｕｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｔｈｒｅｅ＿ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｈｅａｔｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎＤ :0≤ｘ,ｙ ,ｚ≤Ｌ ,0 ≤ｔ≤Ｔ ｕ ｔ= 2 ｕ ｘ2 2 ｕ ｙ2 2 ｕ ｚ2 ,ｕ｜ｘ=0 =ｆ1(ｙ,ｚ,ｔ) ,　ｕ｜ｘ=Ｌ =ｆ2 (ｙ ,ｚ,ｔ) ,ｕ｜ｙ=0 =ｇ1(ｚ,ｘ,ｔ) ,　ｕ｜ｙ=Ｌ =ｇ2 (ｚ,ｘ,ｔ) ,ｕ｜ｚ=0 =ｈ1(ｘ ,ｙ ,ｔ) ,　ｕ｜ｚ=Ｌ =ｈ2 (ｘ ,ｙ ,ｔ) ,ｕ｜ｔ=0 =φ(ｘ ,ｙ,ｚ) .(1 )(2 )…     

不可压缩N-S方程分步算法稳定性与精度的数值研究

众所周知,LBB条件排除了在不可压缩流动N-S方程空间离散中采用速度u和压力p同阶线性插值的简单单元。基于压力泊松(Poisson)方程的分步算法曾被认为可以绕开LBB条件限制,然而近年来研究表明,并非各种类型的分步算法都能有效地避开LBB条件。本文针对不同雷诺数下的平面Poiseuille流动问题模拟,分析对比了当采用不同类型的u-p单元空间插值时增量与非增量迭代分步算法的稳定性与精度,为合理选择分步算法和u-p插值类型提供了依据和参考。     

时程稳定性系数确定的边坡逐孔起爆孔间微差降振时间

为了获得边坡逐孔爆破最佳降振微差时间,以某个实际边坡逐孔微差爆破施工现场为原型,先利用ANSYS建立二维静态模型,借助有限元折减法确定自然状态下的潜在滑动面和静态安全系数;基于已确定的二维潜在滑动面重新建立同尺寸同性质的三维逐孔微差爆破动态模型,利用LS-DYAN进行动力分析,整个过程分别设置同排3个炮孔0、17、25、42和65 ms等5种不同孔间微差起爆方式;同时,对该施工现场进行排、孔间(25 ms,17 ms)、(25 ms,25 ms)、(25 ms,42 ms)、(25 ms,65 ms)等4种微差时间控制的等比例相似小炮测振实验。提取模拟结果中3个炮孔同时起爆时滑面单元的应力数值代入极限平衡法计算公式,绘制了冲击载荷作用下边坡稳定性系数曲线,通过对曲线的理论分析发现,最佳降振微差时间约为48 ms;而三维数值模拟和测振实验结果均显示,孔间微差时间取42 ms时降振效果较佳。这说明,边坡稳定性系数曲线给出的微差时间与模拟和实验结果较为接近,可为今后边坡逐孔微差爆破降振研究提供参考。     

A numerical study on the deformation and fracture modes of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests

A heterogeneous material model based on macro-mechanical observations is proposed for simulation of fracture in steel projectiles during impact. A previous experimental study on the deformation and fracture of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests resulted in a variety of failure modes. The accompanying material investigation showed that the materials used in the impact tests were heterogeneous on scales ranging from microstructure as investigated with SEM to variation in fracture strains from tensile tests. A normal distribution is employed to achieve a heterogeneous numerical model with respect to the fracture properties. The proposed material model is calibrated based on the tensile tests, and then used to independently simulate the Taylor bar impact tests. A preliminary investigation showed that the simulations are sensitive to assumptions regarding the anvil behaviour and friction properties. A flexible anvil and a yield-limited friction law are shown to be necessary to correctly reproduce the experimental behaviour. The proposed model is then shown to be capable of correctly reproducing all fracture modes but one, and also predict critical impact velocities for projectile fracture with reasonable accuracy. Fragmentation at velocities above the critical velocity is not well reproduced due to excessive element erosion. Measures to make the element erosion process more physical are proposed and discussed with their respective drawbacks. The use of a simple fracture criterion in combination with an element erosion technique accentuates the effect of distributing the fracture parameter.     

随机结构响应密度演化分析的映射降维法

提出了随机结构响应密度演化分析的映射降维算法. 在一般线性与非线性随机结构分析中,采用近年发展起来的密度演化方法,能够获得动力响应的瞬时概率密度函数及其演化过程,具有较好的精度. 当具有多个随机变量时,采用常规的格栅型选点将导致过大的计算工作量. 基于Cantor集合映射的基本思想,将多维空间中的离散网格点逐次两两降维,按照概率测度值进行排序、取点,从而将具有多个随机变量的随机结构分析问题的计算工作量降到与仅含单一随机变量的随机结构分析相当的水平. 与随机模拟结果的比较表明：建议的方法具有较高的精度和效率.     

成形过程数值模拟的张量时空求解策略

成形过程的数值模拟和分析涉及几何、材料、接触摩擦等高度非线性的耦合作用，采用传统的增量算法会导致巨大计算量。本文建议采用张量时间函数的非增量时空算法，在整个时间和空间域上迭代求解。由于采用新的分离变量构思，以张量表达时间函数，可提高问题求解的速度和精度。但对问题的列式和数值求解方法提出了更高的要求。文中讨论其方法与数值实施。     

A simple criterion for finite time stability with application to impacted buckling of elastic columns

The existing theories of finite-time stability depend on a prescribed bound on initial disturbances and a prescribed threshold for allowable responses. It remains a challenge to identify the critical value of loading parameter for finite time instability observed in experiments without the need of specifying any prescribed threshold for allowable responses. Based on an energy balance analysis of a simple dynamic system, this paper proposes a general criterion for finite time stability which indicates that finite time stability of a linear dynamic system with constant coefficients during a given time interval [0, t _f ] is guaranteed provided the product of its maximum growth rate (determined by the maximum eigen-root p₁ >0) and the duration t _f does not exceed 2, i.e., p₁t _f <2. The proposed criterion (p₁t _f =2) is applied to several problems of impacted buckling of elastic columns: (i) an elastic column impacted by a striking mass, (ii) longitudinal impact of an elastic column on a rigid wall, and (iii) an elastic column compressed at a constant speed (“Hoff problem”), in which the time-varying axial force is replaced approximately by its average value over the time duration. Comparison of critical parameters predicted by the proposed criterion with available experimental and simulation data shows that the proposed criterion is in robust reasonable agreement with the known data, which suggests that the proposed simple criterion (p₁t _f =2) can be used to estimate critical parameters for finite time stability of dynamic systems governed by linear equations with constant coefficients.     

结构动力响应精细时程法的一种并行算法

结构动力响应精细时程法的并行算法分为两类：基于特解的并行算法和基于直接积分法的并行算法;后者因为不需知道荷载的具体形式而更具应用价值。精细时程法的时程积分由齐次方程的通解和非齐次项的积分构成,基于直接积分法的并行算法很好地并行了非齐次项的积分,而对通解项采用串行计算。设计了一种不均衡步数的负载分配策略,能够减少处理器等待自身初值的时间,相对均衡步数的分配策略,能够获得更高的加速比,给出了相应的证明和算例验证。     

A new mesh relaxation approach and automatic time‐step control method for boundary integral simulations of a viscous drop

We present a numerical methodology for the simulation of a viscous drop under simple shear flows by using the boundary integral method. The present work treats only a single drop in an unbounded fluid‐flow, but the results can be directly applied to studies on the rheology of dilute emulsions, in which the hydrodynamic interactions between two or more drops can be neglected. Singular and non‐singular integral representations of the velocity field are considered. Several aspects of the method are presented, including a new mesh relaxation approach and an automatic time‐step control method. The relaxation strategy is used in order to contain the distortion of the mesh and is performed by using relaxation iterations in a virtual temporal march between each physical time step of the simulation and monitoring the standard deviation of the areas of the elements. The automatic time‐step control method uses a global quantity related to the drop deformation in order to automatically set the temporal integration time step. It is carried out in a way to keep the local integration error less than a given tolerance. This strategy reduces the computational cost of the simulation by dramatically reducing the number of time steps in the temporal integration process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

求解轴对称结构侧向冲击响应的一种快速算法

轴对称结构在侧向冲击载荷下的动力响应分析,一般采用解析、半解析法或者直接进行有限元数值模拟,这些方法均有一定的局限性.本文依据线性动力学问题的叠加原理,提出了一种基于有限元分析和线性叠加的快速算法.该方法首先采用多条母线对载荷进行离散,然后采用有限元计算结构在单个"载荷单元"作用下的动力响应,最后采用坐标旋转和线性叠加的方法计算得到结构在复杂分布载荷作用下的响应.算例表明,本文提出的算法是正确、有效的,并且具有快速、简便、灵活的特点.     

轮胎破片冲击机身的非等比例相似模型研究

为降低机身结构抗冲击性能的实验成本,利用相似理论建立机身的非等比例缩放模型,开展模型实验是行之有效的方法。基于量纲分析的方法,建立Johnson-Cook线性应变率函数的修正关系;鉴于生产制造技术的限制,考虑扭曲厚度的非等比例机身模型对相似性行为的影响,采用指数函数法建立了非等比例模型的相似修正关系。通过对比实验中破片冲击过程的变形形态、靶板的应变时间历程曲线和最终变形轮廓,验证了数值模型的有效性。此外,分析了破片偏航姿态、机身材料、厚度和质量等因素对机身结构抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明：(1) 150 m/s的冲击速度下,破片冲击角度90º和着靶角度180º是最严苛的冲击条件。综合多种因素,分析认为3.5 mm厚的钛合金为机身结构的最佳选择,并以此作为全尺寸原型验证相似模型;另外,提出了一种可以快速获取缩比模型的设计方法。(2)应变率效应对轮胎破片冲击机身结构的影响并不显著,等比例缩放模型与原型结果吻合较好。(3)厚度扭曲的非等比例模型能够有效地预测原型结构的变形行为;虽然,在时间尺度上,模型与原型存在一定的偏差;但是,在空间尺度上,非等比例相似模型能够有效地修正扭曲厚度造成中心最大挠度的预测误差,修正后的最大误差不超过5.1%,这表明该方法能够有效地指导机身结构的相似模型设计。

     

A method toward the construction of Liapunov function for discrete time systems and determination of their stability

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for constructing Liapunov function and determining the stability of discrete time systems with a computer on the basis of the similarity transformation theory by directly applying the system matrix of the system under discussion instead of solving the discrete Liapunov's matrix equation.     

A comparative study of high‐order variable‐property segregated algorithms for unsteady low Mach number flows

In this paper, five different algorithms are presented for the simulation of low Mach flows with large temperature variations, based on second‐order central‐difference or fourth‐order compact spatial discretization and a pressure projection‐type method. A semi‐implicit three‐step Runge–Kutta/Crank–Nicolson or second‐order iterative scheme is used for time integration. The different algorithms solve the coupled set of governing scalar equations in a decoupled segregate manner. In the first algorithm, a temperature equation is solved and density is calculated from the equation of state, while the second algorithm advances the density using the differential form of the equation of state. The third algorithm solves the continuity equation and the fourth algorithm solves both the continuity and enthalpy equation in conservative form. An iterative decoupled algorithm is also proposed, which allows the computation of the fully coupled solution. All five algorithms solve the momentum equation in conservative form and use a constant‐ or variable‐coefficient Poisson equation for the pressure. The efficiency of the fourth‐order compact scheme and the performances of the decoupling algorithms are demonstrated in three flow problems with large temperature variations: non‐Boussinesq natural convection, channel flow instability, flame–vortex interaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.