Studies of V?Mo?O systems with small vanadium content in acrolein oxidation

A solid solution of vanadium in MoO₃ with a solubility limit of about 3 mol.% V₂O₅ is shown to be formed. Its catalytic properties are discussed.

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MoO₃ 3 . % V₂O₅ .

     

Catalytic properties of phosphorus-containing rhenium complexes in the hydrogenation of hexene-1

Rhenium (V, VI) complexes with organophosphorus ligands proved to be catalytically active in hexene-1 hydrogenation. The kinetics of this process catalyzed by ReOCl₃(PPh₃)₂ has been examined. The organic ligand in the coordination sphere of rhenium complexes was found to affect selectivity to olefin bonds or nitro groups in the hydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

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(V, VI) -1. , ReOCl₃ (PPh₃)₂. , .

     

Influence of the various forms of molybdena on the adsorptive and catalytic (dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis) properties of molybdena-alumina catalysts

The contents of three forms of molybdenum oxide compounds in molybdena-alumina catalysts have been determined by their solubility in water and ammonia. The form which is readily soluble in water and reducible to Mo(IV) at 400°C and P_H2=10⁵ Pa is active in cyclohexane dehydration, and the forms soluble in water and ammonia are active in thiophene hydrogenolysis.

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. , 400°C P_{H 2}=I Mo(IV); — .

     

Catalytic properties of palladium oxide systems in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde

Catalytic properties of Pd black-oxide systems have been studied in hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. It has been revealed that the additions of basic and amphoteric oxides (MgO, Fe₂O₃ and ZnO) increase the hydrogenation rate of the ethylenic bond in crotonaldehyde.

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Pd-- . , (MgO, Fe₂O₃, ZnO) .

     

Vibrational excitation effects on silane reactivity in its reaction with bromine atoms

A rate increase of SiH₃Br formation in SiH₄ photobromination under irradiation by a cw CO₂ laser is reported. At low SiH₄ pressures (1–2 Pa) the radiation effect is shown to be isotope-selective.

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SiH₃Br CO₂ SiH₄. , SiH₄ (1–2 ) .

     

Investigation of the interaction between zinc oxide and phosgene

It has been shown that in the interaction of zinc oxide and phosgene, the most active are the samples having oxygen vacancies. A mechanism for this process is suggested.

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, , . .

     

Reasons for different activities of various type catalysts in reactions of oxidation of inorganic substances

The dual role of catalysts in the interaction between an inorganic molecule AB and adsorbed oxygen ZO, as an electron donor (in the oxidative addition of AB) and as an electron acceptor (in subsequent ZO reduction), permits to interpret the orders of activities of various optimal catalysts and their dependence on the AB structure.

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AB ZO — ( AB) ( ZO). AB.

     

Study of hydroisomerization of n-hexane on natural mordenite catalyst

A mordenite-containing rock sample from the Tokaj Mountains (Hungary) and its various forms modified by chemical treatment have been tested for catalytic properties during isomerization of n-hexane. Addition of Pt to the catalyst leads to a sharp decrease in the rate of cracking and in the rate of deactivation and this results in a catalyst of high selectivity for hexane isomers.

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(), , , , -. Pt , .

     

Poisoning of typical catalysts of complete oxidation by sulfur dioxide in CO oxidation. Methodical aspects

A method has been proposed for the study of the stability of typical catalysts for complete oxidation with respect to poisoning by sulfur dioxide in CO oxidation.

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CO.

     

A metal reactor for the diaphragm method with chambers providing complete mixing

A new metal reactor with two chambers in which complete mixing of gases is achieved has been developed for use in the diaphragm method. This apparatus is suitable for the determination of the effective diffusion coefficient and its temperature dependence. It can also be used to determine the type of transport, the gas permeability coefficient and to investigate the macrokinetics of catalytic processes.

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. : ; ; .

     

Heterogeneous reactions of solid nickel(II) Complexes. XXII

The stoichiometry of thermal decomposition was studied for the following compounds: Ni(pyNO)Cl₂H₂O (I), (pyNO=pyridine N-oxide), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂·2H₂O (II), Ni(3-MepyNo)Cl₂·2H₂O (III) and Ni(4-MepyNO)₂Cl₂·C₂H₅OH (IV). The heating of the compounds led first to the release of H₂O molecules (or C₂H₅OH molecules), with the formation of Ni(pyNO)Cl₂ (V), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂(VI), Ni(3-MepyNO)Cl₂ (VII) and Ni(4-MepyNO)₂Cl₂ (VIII). In the next stage, decomposition of the heterocyclic liugands set in. The compositions and spectral and magnetic properties of these complexes indicate their dimeric (II, III, IV, VIII) of polymeric (I, V, VI, VII) structure with coordinated molecules of H₂O (or C₂H₅OH).

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Zusammenfassung Die Stöchiometrie der thermischen Zersetzung folgender Verbindungen wurde untersucht: Ni(pyNO)Cl₂·H₂O (I), (pyNO=Pyridin-N-oxid), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂·2H₂O (II), Ni(3-MepyNO)Cl₂·2H₂O (III) und Ni(4-MepyNO)₂Cl₂·C₂H₂OH (IV). Beim Erhitzen erfolgt zunächst die Abspaltung von Wasser bzw. C₂H₅OH unter Bildung von Ni(pyNO)Cl₂ (V), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂ (VI), Ni(3-MepyNO)Cl₂ (VII) und Ni(4-MepyNo)₂Cl₂ (VIII). Im nächsten Schritt setzt die Zersetzung der heterozyklischen Liganden ein. Aus den Zersetzungsreaktionen und den spektralen und magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Komplexe folgt deren dimere (II, III, IV, VIII) oder polymere (I, V, VI, VII) Struktur mit koordinierten Wasser- bzw. C₂H₅OH-Molekülen.

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: Ni(pyNO)Cl₂-H₂O (I), (pyNO=H- ), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂·2₂ (II), Ni(3-MepyNO)Cl₂-2H₂O (III) Ni(4-MepyNO)₂Cl₂-C₂H₅OH (IV). ( ) Ni(pyNO)Cl₂ (V), Ni(2-MepyNO)Cl₂ (VI), Ni(3-MepyNO)Cl₂ (VII) Ni(4-MepyNO)₂Cl₂ (VIII). . , (II, III, IV, VIII) (I, V, VI, VII) .

     

Role of palladium additives in CO oxidation over a complex vanadium catalyst

At small concentrations of CO, palladium initiates a radical-chain process. At high CO concentrations CO oxidation occurs only on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst and the effect of palladium is mainly due to the specific activation of carbon monoxide on the palladium surface.

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CO . CO .

     

Pt(alizarine)2 complex adsorbed on titanium dioxide as a sensitizer in photocatalytic evolution of dihydrogen

Pt(alizarine)₂ complex adsorbed on the surface of titanium dioxide has been found to cause spectral sensitization of the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. Adsorption of the complex provides simultaneously sensitization of the photoprocess and catalysis of dark steps of dihydrogen formation.

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, Pt()₂ TiO₂. , , .

     

Variations in electronic state of silver catalysts for methanol oxidation

Variations in the electronic state of silver catalysts for methanol oxidation under the effect of the reaction medium have been studied, using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The nature of active centers-Ag⁺ cations, Ag _n ⁺ complexes and clusters of various sizes for bulk and supported catalysts are shown to be identical.

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. - Ag⁺, Ag _n ⁺ .

     

Testing the photocatalytic activity of cyanogen-and thiocyanogen-based inorganic polymers

The photocatalytic properties of some cyanogen-and thiocyanogen-based inorganic polymers, such as paracyanogens containing different metals (Hg, Ag, Cu), polythiocyanogens of different iodine contents, polycyanogen and poly (cyanogenthiocyanate), have been tested in two systems. Cu-containing paracyanogen and the iodine-poor polythiocyanogens catalyze the photoreduction of methylviologen under visible light, furthermore the Cu-containing paracyanogen catalyzes the photoreduction of water to hydrogen under UV irradiation.

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, , , , (Hg, Ag, Cu), , (), . , , , , , , -.

     

Interaction of methanol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of K2WO4/Al2O3

Kinetic data show that in the presence of K₂WO₄/Al₂O₃, methanethiol is largely produced by the reaction of H₂S with metanol and partly with dimethyl ether. Dimethyl sulfide is formed during the interaction of methanethiol with methanol, of H₂S with dimethyl ether and as a result of methanethiol disproportionation. Methane and carbon oxides are the decomposition products of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide and of methanol and dimethyl ether, respectively.

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, K₂WO₄/Al₂O₃ H₂S — . , H₂S . , — .

     

Effect of hydrogen pressure on the selectivity of 2-butene-1-al hydrogenation

The effect of hydrogen pressure on the selectivity of hydrogenation of 2-butene-1-al at the carbonyl group in the presence of Ru and Ru–ZnO catalysts indicates that the selectivity on the modified ruthenium catalyst in the pressure range of 0.51–8.08 MPa is a maximum at .

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-2--І Ru Ru–ZnO-. , 0,51–8,08 , .