用计算机数据采集系统测量液氮的汽化潜热

在液氮汽化潜热的测量实验中,通过计算机数据采集系统准确记录了液氮汽化过程中质量的变化,并由铜的定压比热随温度变化的曲线准确计算出了液氮的汽化潜热.     

环境压力对低温绝热气瓶蒸发率修正的试验研究

主要研究了环境压力对低温容器蒸发率的影响。在理论分析的基础上,使用容积为180L高真空多层绝热的低温容器,以液氮作为充装介质对5组不同环境压力下的蒸发气体量进行测量。结果表明,容器的蒸发率随环境压力的升高而增大,汽化潜热的是影响蒸发率变化的主要因素。为修正大气压力对低温容器蒸发率的影响起到了参考作用。     

研究型教学方法在测量液氮比汽化热实验中的应用

在传统的测量液氮比汽化热实验内容和方法的基础上,采用研究型教学方法,引导学生在实验中主动观察实验现象,发现液氮容器内液面高度对实验结果有较大影响.依靠国家教学示范中心的优质资源,学生重新制定实验方案,对实验内容做更进一步研究,用多块铜块集中对不同液面高度的液氮汽化情况分批测量,确定了测量液氮比汽化热时液氮容器内合适的液面高度区间.     

研究铜棒与液氮之间的热传输过程

以铜棒作为传热介质,测量液氮的汽化热.搭载温度传感器,同步测量铜棒内温度和液氮质量随时间的变化,根据液氮质量变化率分析铜棒与液氮之间的热传输过程.     

用改进PT方程计算低温流体汽化潜热

本文用改进ＰＴ方程对２２种常见低温流体的汽化潜热进行了计算．计算结果与原始ＰＴ方程、原始ＰＲ方程和改进ＰＲ方程计算结果的比较表明，用改进型ＰＴ方程所得的结果与实验值的偏差明显小于原始ＰＴ方程、ＰＲ方程和改进ＰＲ方程，特别是该方程对强极性物质、低温流体的汽化潜热计算，优越性更为显著．     

液氮中的水滴凝固后为何自炸

液氮中的水滴凝固后为何自炸曾朝阳（南京工程兵工程学院２１０００７）在利用液氮进行的实验中，常常遇到一个有趣的现象：将水滴入液氮，水滴即成球状，在液氮表面上不停滚动并快速地游荡，同时引起液氮剧烈汽化．过几秒钟后，液滴凝固成冰粒，在液氮面上缓慢游动，同时...     

饱和液氮爆发沸腾实验与传热机理分析

瞬态高热流加热下饱和液氮会发生爆发沸腾,而对于该过程的特殊传热机理因素,目前还没有相关的深入研究和分析。本文基于实验,在总结沸腾传热机理研究成果的基础上,重点分析了饱和液氮爆发沸腾过程中以汽泡群形态实现热量传递的特殊之处,并进行了理论模拟验证。结果表明,汽泡群内部众多汽泡所发生的破裂收缩行为,会释放潜热并形成热流,成为爆发沸腾独特的传热机理影响因素。     

航天高压气体节流过程温变规律研究

基于焦-汤节流原理,针对航天领域常用气体在高压节流过程出现的温变现象,分析了高压气体节流温变过程及规律,开展了不同种类气体的节流温变对气体设备的影响研究。研究表明,对于预先压气的高压气瓶供气模式,氮气设备受节流降温影响较小,氧气设备则需关注节流元件及其下游设备对节流过程强烈降温效应的适应性;对于航天常用的液氮高压空浴汽化后在线压供气模式,为减少节流降温对下游设备的影响,需在高压空浴汽化器出口设置加温设施;对于高压氦气节流减压后的显著升温效应,为减少对下游设备的影响,采用液氮汽化对氦气进行降温是一种较为理想的技术路线。     

超急速爆发沸腾传热的实验与理论研究

超急速爆发沸腾研究具有重大理论与实用价值。本文在实验研究的基础上,建立了脉冲激光作用下超急速爆发沸腾传热数学模型,并采用恰当的数值处理方法进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明,计算与实验结果基本吻合,在超急速爆发沸腾过程中,汽相、液相的升温吸热以及汽化潜热等是影响温度变化的重要因素,实际过程中应综合加以考虑。     

液氮温区下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器测量性能的研究

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的原理,研究了在液氮浸泡情况下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的静态传输特性.实验过程中利用悬臂梁原理和美国Micron Optics公司生产的光栅波长可调谐激光扫描法解调系统,分别测量了液氮浸泡中的悬臂梁的正应变和负应变,确定了在液氮温度下悬臂梁应变与光纤光栅波长偏移量之间的关系.为测量高温超导磁体的应变提供了新的方法.     

Calculating the low temperature vapour line by Monte Carlo

A combination of canonical and grand-canonical ensemble Monte Carlo calculations, together with the virial expansion, have been used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the liquid/vapour co-existence curve of the (6 : 12) Lennard-Jones fluid for reduced temperatures, [Ttilde] ? 1·1. The results for the liquid density and energy and the latent heat of vaporization are believed to be precise, with the exception of the point at [Ttilde]=1·1 which may lie outside the range of the function fitting the liquid phase Monte Carlo data. The liquid density and the saturated vapour pressure are in very good agreement with the results of perturbation theory. The latent heat of vaporization does not agree well with the experimental data for argon though the fit to liquid density and internal energy is good.     

Assessment of external heat transfer coefficient during oocyte vitrification in liquid and slush nitrogen using numerical simulations to determine cooling rates

In oocyte vitrification, plunging directly into liquid nitrogen favor film boiling and strong nitrogen vaporization. A survey of literature values of heat transfer coefficients (h) for film boiling of small metal objects with different geometries plunged in liquid nitrogen revealed values between 125 to 1000 W per per square m per K. These h values were used in a numerical simulation of cooling rates of two oocyte vitrification devices (open-pulled straw and Cryotop), plunged in liquid and slush nitrogen conditions. Heat conduction equation with convective boundary condition was considered a linear mathematical problem and was solved using the finite element method applying the variational formulation. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the cooling process of the systems. Predicted cooling rates for OPS and Cryotop when cooled at -196 degree C (liquid nitrogen) or -207 degree C (average for slush nitrogen) for heat transfer coefficients estimated to be representative of film boiling, indicated lowering the cooling temperature produces only a maximum 10 percent increase in cooling rates; confirming the main benefit of plunging in slush over liquid nitrogen does not arise from their temperature difference. Numerical simulations also demonstrated that a hypothetical four-fold increase in the cooling rate of vitrification devices when plunging in slush nitrogen would be explained by an increase in heat transfer coefficient. This improvement in heat transfer (i.e., high cooling rates) in slush nitrogen is attributed to less or null film boiling when a sample is placed in slush (mixture of liquid and solid nitrogen) because it first melts the solid nitrogen before causing the liquid to boil and form a film.     

Propagation and extinction of an unsteady spherical spray flame front

Experimental evidence seems to indicate that the life of a laminar spherical flame front propagating through a fresh mixture of air and liquid fuel droplets can be roughly split into three stages: (1) ignition, (2) radial propagation with a smooth flame front and (3) propagation with flame front cellularization and/or pulsation. In this work, the second stage is analysed using the slowly varying flame approach, for a fuel rich flame. The droplets are presumed to vaporize in a sharp front ahead of the reaction front. Evolution equations for the flame and evaporation fronts are derived. For the former the combined effect of heat loss due to droplet vaporization and radiation plays a dominant explicit role. In addition, the structure of the evaporation front is deduced using asymptotics based on a large parameter associated with spray vaporization. Numerical calculations based on the analysis point to the way in which the spray modifies conditions for flame front extinction. Within the framework of the present simplified model the main relevant parameters turn out to be the initial liquid fuel load in the fresh mixture and/or the latent heat of vaporization of the fuel.     

再循环重力供液蒸发器管内换热性能预测

为了找出适用于再循环重力供液蒸发器管内强制对流沸腾换热系数的关系式,通过对以R404A为制冷剂的重力供液实验台的研究,编程计算出J.Chawla关系式及Shah关联式对重力供液沸腾换热系数进行预测值。与实验结果比较可知:J.Chawla关系式在较低温度下较接近于实验值,Shah关联式在较高的温度下可以对实验值进行预测,两种关系式相结合的方法就可以较好对重力供液蒸发器管内沸腾换热进行预测。     

LNG汽车燃料汽化器设计与实验研究

汽化器是LNG汽车燃料系统的重要设备。本文提出将汽化器换热过程分为过冷段、沸腾段与过热段的简化方法,并进行了LNG汽车起步阶段与正常行驶阶段汽化器性能模拟实验研究。     

水在氢气、氧气转变时的自由能的变化及水的汽化潜热分析

水和氢气、氧气在同等条件下(一个大气压,温度为25度)互相转变时自由能是相同的;同等条件下水变水蒸气时的汽化潜热和水蒸气变为水时的凝结热是相同的。利用一个刚性的绝热的容器,在海拔零米处电解水,利用氢气和氧气的混合密度小于空气密度的特点,携带一定质量的物体到数千米的高空。点燃混合气体,生成高温水蒸气。通过这个过程分析,将发现两部分能量多出。     

低温预冷换热规律及表面改性影响研究

调研了低温管路预冷及两相换热的研究现状,阐述了低温预冷瞬态换热特性;介绍了金属表面改性对预冷规律的影响,仿真了低导热涂层管的预冷换热规律.研究发现:液氮预冷主要由膜态沸腾支配,且预冷耗时较长;液氢预冷未见膜态沸腾,预冷耗时更短.促进膜态沸腾向过渡沸腾的更早转化有利于预冷加速,且转化温度迁移可通过内壁表面结构改性实现,可...     

Evidence from adiabatic scanning calorimetry for the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma effect at the N-SmA phase transitions in mixtures of 7OCB+heptane with an injected SmA phase

The high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetric technique has been used to investigate the nematic-smectic A transition (N-SmA in binary mixtures of the non-smectogenic liquid crystal heptyloxycyanobiphenyl (7OCB) and heptane, exhibiting a so-called injected smectic A phase. With the exception of a mixture with the lowest heptane mole fraction for which only an upper limit of 0.2 ± 0.2 J kg(-1) for a possible latent heat could be obtained, for all other mixtures finite latent heats were obtained. The mole fraction dependence of the latent heat could be well fitted with a crossover function consistent with a mean-field free energy expression with a non-zero cubic term arising from the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma (HLM) coupling between the SmA order parameter and the orientational director fluctuations. The mole fraction dependence of the heat capacity effective critical exponents is similar to that observed in mixtures of the two liquid crystals octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) and nonylcyanobiphenyl (9OCB). The thermal behavior observed along the N-SmA phase transition line yields further strong evidence for the HLM coupling effect.