利用多维模态理论分析圆柱贮箱液体非线性晃动

将多维模态理论应用到求解作横向运动圆柱贮箱中液体的非线性晃动问题. 首先通过压力积分变分原理推导出描述液体作非线性晃动的一般形式无穷维模态系统,然后根据Narimanov-Moiseev三阶渐近假设关系,通过选取二阶主模态和三阶次模态,将无穷维模态系统降为五维渐近模态系统. 通过对这个模态系统的数值积分可以看出一些典型的非线性特征(如波峰大于波谷、节径移动等).      

Nonlinear sloshing of liquid in rigid cylindrical container with a rigid annular baffle: free vibration

In this paper, the free nonlinear sloshing of liquid in a rigid partially liquid-filled cylindrical container with a rigid annular baffle is investigated. The liquid domain is firstly divided into four simple sub-domains so that the liquid velocity potential in each sub-domain has continuous boundary conditions of class \(\hbox {C}^{1}\) . Then, based on the Bateman–Luke variational principle, the equivalent variational formulation of the free boundary problem for the liquid in a baffled container is derived. By introducing the generalized time-dependent coordinates, the surface wave height and the velocity potential are expanded in the form of generalized Fourier series. Substituting the series expression of surface wave height and velocity potential into the variational formulation enables us to obtain the infinite dimensional modal system. Finally, based on the Moiseev asymptotic relations, the infinite dimensional modal system is reduced to a finite dimensional modal system. Good agreements have been achieved by comparing the present results with those obtained from the Gavrilyuk’s solutions. The effects of baffle parameters and initial conditions on the nonlinear sloshing of liquid are discussed in detail.     

基于多尺度方法的平动圆柱贮箱航天器刚——液耦合动力学研究

以充液航天器为工程背景,借助多尺度方法研究刚--液耦合动力学系统非线性动力学特性.利用多维模态方法,将描述横向外激励下圆柱贮箱中液体非线性晃动的自由边界问题转换为液体模态系数相互耦合的有限维非线性常微分方程组.推导液体晃动产生的作用于贮箱壁的晃动力和晃动力矩的解析表达式,进而建立航天器刚体部分平动和液体晃动耦合的非线性动力学方程组.应用多尺度方法对刚--液耦合系统的动力学特性进行解析分析,通过固有频率的特征方程求解耦合系统固有频率,推导外激励频率接近耦合系统第一阶固有频率时液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应方程.结合数值方法,研究了液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线和激励--幅值响应曲线.结果表明, 随充液比变化,液体晃动稳态解的幅值频率响应曲线会发生软、硬弹簧特性转换现象和"跳跃"现象;幅值频率响应曲线的软、硬弹簧特性转换点受重力加速度和弹簧刚度系数影响;以上所得研究结果表明,考虑非线性效应时的刚--液耦合系统动力学特性与传统的线性系统模型所显示的动力学特性具有本质区别.本文的研究工作对进一步分析充液航天器刚--液耦合非线性动力学特性具有重要参考价值.      

俯仰运动圆柱贮箱中液体的非线性晃动

首次对储仰运动圆柱贮箱中液体的有限幅值晃动问题进行了解析研究。首先建立了描述俯仰和／或偏航运动贮箱中液体晃动的非线性偏微分方程组,而后提出了相应的变分原理,建立了压力体积分形式的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ函数,通过变分方程,最终得到措述俯仰和／或偏航运动圆柱贮箱中液体晃动的非线性动力学微分方程组,该动力学方程组自然满足液体自由表面的运动学和动力学办界条件。而后动用多尺度法求解了所得的动力学方程组,对非线性液     

三维液体非线性晃动动力学特性的数值模拟

主要讨论圆筒形贮腔中三维液体非线性晃动问题,将任意的拉格朗日-欧拉（即ArbitraryLagrangian-Eulerian,简称ALE）运动学描述引入到Navies-Stokes方程中,在时间域上采用一种速度和压力的分步计算格式进行时间离散;在空间域上利用Galerkin加权余量法对系统方程进行数值离散;得到了数值计算粘性不可压液体非线性晃动的ALE分步有限元法的计算格式,推导了三维液体自由液面上结点法向矢量的数值计算方法,模拟了圆筒形贮腔（包括带圆环形隔板的圆筒形贮腔）中三维液体的非线性晃动;并得到了一些重要的非线必不知所云 性,通过数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较,证明实了本文方法的可靠性与有效性。     

低重环境下俯仰运动圆柱贮箱中液体非线性晃动

在低重力环境下,用变分原理建立了液体晃动的压力体积分形式的Lagrange函数,并将速度势函数在自由液面处作波高函数的级数展开,从而导出自由液面运动学和动力学边界条件非线性方程组;最后用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解非线性方程组。计算结果表明,随俯仰激励频率的逐渐变化,由于面外主模态和次生模态同时失稳,致使整个系统各阶模态和波高函数由稳态运动过渡为不稳定运动。     

低重环境下俯仰运动圆柱贮箱内液体晃动

考虑低重环境下由于表面张力的影响使得圆柱贮箱内液体呈现弯曲自由液面的情况,以俯仰激励下液体晃动的占优模态振型函数为晃动速度势的基函数,利用傅里叶-贝塞尔级数对贮箱受俯仰激励时的自由液面处的运动边界条件进行展开,得到能描述晃动系统本质的广义状态方程,并分别给出了固有频率、晃动波高、晃动力和晃动力矩等晃动特征的计算方法. 通过具体算例得到了俯仰激励下贮箱内液体晃动特征的动态响应,同时验证了文中方法的收敛性、可行性和正确性.      

圆筒形贮腔中微重力液体非线性晃动的数值模拟

本文讨论低重力液体在圆筒形贮腔中的非线性晃动问题。将ALE（任意的拉格朗日－欧拉）运动学描述关系引入到Navier-Stokes方程中,在时间域上采用分步离散方法中的速度修正格式,利用Galerkinlk加权余量方法推导了系统的有限元数值离散方程;推导了考虑表面张力效应时有限元边界条件的弱积分形式。推导了自由液面上法向矢量的计算公式。模拟了圆筒形贮腔中低重力液体的非线性晃动,并得到了自由液面、波高变化、压力响应等非线性动力特性。揭示了微重力液体非线性晃动的重要特征并将所得结论与现有的实验结果进行了比较。从而证实了本文方法的有效性与正确性。     

Forces and Moments of the Liquid Finite Amplitude Sloshing in a Liquid-Solid Coupled System

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｓｐａｃｅ,ｔｈｅｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｔｏｌｉｑｕｉｄｓｌｏｓｈｉｎｇｉｓｏｆｔｅｎｅｎｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｅｄ[1].Ｉｎａｓｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｔｈｅｌｉｑｕｉｄｓｌｏｓｈｉｎｇｕｓｕａｌｌｙｃｏｕｐｌｅｓｗｉｔｈｒｉｇｉｄｍｏｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅ ,ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｅｘｉｂｌｅａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘｅｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｏｎｅｈａｎｄ ,ｔｈｅｍｏｔ…     

Nonlinear modeling of tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) in rotating wind turbine blades for damping edgewise vibrations

Tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) utilize the sloshing motion of the fluid to suppress structural vibrations and become a natural candidate for damping vibrations in rotating wind turbine blades. The centrifugal acceleration at the tip of a wind turbine blade can reach a magnitude of 7–8g. This facilitates the use of a TLD with a relatively small fluid mass and with feasible geometric dimensions to mitigate the lightly-damped edgewise vibrations effectively. In the present paper, modal expansions are carried out directly on the velocity field and the free surface of the sloshing liquid in the rotating coordinate system. A formulation has been proposed leading to coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which have been obtained through the Galerkin variational approach together with the modal expansion technique. Two models, with one sloshing mode and three sloshing modes, have been studied in the numerical simulation. It is shown that the one-mode model is able to predict the sloshing force and the damped structural response accurately, since the primary damping effect on the structure is achieved by the first sloshing mode of the fluid. Although it is unable to predict the fluid free-surface elevation equally well, the one-mode model can still be utilized for the design of TLD. Parametric optimization of the TLD is carried out based on the one-mode model, and the optimized damper effectively improves the dynamic response of wind turbine blades.     

微重环境下液体晃动研究进展1）

现代航天器通常携带大量的液体燃料,液体晃动会影响航天器的姿态稳定性和控制精度,因此需要对晃动行为进行精确建模. 本文系统介绍了微重环境下液体晃动问题的国内外研究现状:理论分析方面,总结了小幅晃动和非线性晃动的研究方法;数值计算方面,介绍了模态分析和CFD (computational fluid dy-namics) 方法在该问题上的应用;物理实验方面,阐述了地面实验和在轨实验的方法及进展. 最后进行总结与评价,并提出了该领域未来需要解决的3 个问题.     

Linear and nonlinear sloshing in a circular conical tank

Linear and nonlinear fluid sloshing problems in a circular conical tank are studied in a curvilinear coordinate system. The linear sloshing modes are approximated by a series of the solid spheric harmonics. These modes are used to derive a new nonlinear modal theory based on the Moiseyev asymptotics. The theory makes it possible to both classify steady-state waves occurring due to horizontal resonant excitation and visualise nonlinear wave patterns. Secondary (internal) resonances and shallow fluid sloshing (predicted for the semi-apex angles >60) are extensively discussed.     

Stable response of low-gravity liquid non-linear sloshing in a circle cylindrical tank

Under pitch excitation,the sloshing of liquid in circular cylindrical tank includes planar motion,rotary motion and rotary motion inside planar motion.The boundaries between stable motion and unstable motion depend on the radius of the tank,the liquid height,the gravitational intension,the surface tensor and the sloshing damping.In this article,the differential equations of nonlinear sloshing are built first. And by variational principle,the Lagrange function of liquid pressure is constructed in volume intergration form.Then the velocity potential function is expanded in series by wave height function at the free surface.The nonlinear equations with kinematics and dynamics free surface boundary conditions through variation are derived.At last,these equations are solved by multiple-scales method.The influence of Bond number on the global stable response of nonlinear liquid sloshing in circular cylinder tank is analyzed in detail.The result indicates that variation of amplitude frequency response characteristics of the system with Bond,jump,lag and other nonlinear phenomena of liquid sloshing are investigated.     

基于时域解耦算法的多液舱浮式结构物运动模拟

对于带有多个晃荡液舱的浮式结构物, 浮体的运动、外场水动力以及各舱内的液体晃荡力会实时相互决定, 发生复杂的耦合作用. 为准确模拟多液舱浮式结构物的运动, 本文引入一种有效的时域解耦算法. 该方法以模态分解法为基础, 通过对浮式结构物所受外域水动力和各液舱内非线性晃荡力进行模态分解, 最终形成时域解耦运动方程, 无需迭代求解过程即可显式计算浮式结构物的瞬时加速度. 该方法可避免传统迭代求解方法在迭代次数、截断误差和收敛特性等方面的不足, 减少解耦过程的计算耗时. 本文进一步结合边界元数值方法, 分别对单液舱浮式结构物和多液舱浮式结构物的工况开展数值模拟研究. 通过与单液舱浮式结构物的实验结果对比, 验证了本文时域解耦算法的有效性. 本文详细分析了晃荡力对单液舱浮式结构物运动的影响, 发现存在一个共振影响区间: 当外场波浪频率在该区间之外时, 可以在时域计算结果中观察到稳定的浮体运动; 在比该区间更低频的波况下, 液舱晃荡力与外场波浪力相位相反甚至可以相互抵消, 此时晃荡液舱的存在可以减弱浮体运动; 在比该区间更高频的波况下, 液舱内晃荡力与外场波浪力可以具有相同相位, 此时晃荡液舱的存在会加剧浮体的运动. 本文进一步研究了四液舱浮式结构物在波浪中的纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动情况, 发现非线性液舱晃荡可对纵荡和纵摇运动产生影响, 但对垂荡运动影响很小.      

Fundamental validation of the finite volume particle method for 3D sloshing dynamics

The use of the finite volume particle (FVP) method is validated for three‐dimensional sloshing dynamics with a free surface by comparing with results from experiments. In the first part, two typical sloshing experiments for a single liquid phase are simulated, and slosh characteristics that include the free surface behavior and hydrodynamic pressure are reported. Moreover, the influences of the circular wall geometry and spatial resolution in the simulation are studied in a sensitivity analysis. In the second part, two sloshing problems with solid bodies are simulated to preliminarily verify the applicability of the FVP method to three‐dimensional solid bodies' motion in liquid flow. Good agreement between simulations and corresponding experiments indicates that the present FVP method well reproduces three‐dimensional sloshing behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

俯仰激励下三维液体大幅晃动问题研究

主要研究俯仰激励下三维液体大幅晃动问题,将任意Lagrange-Euler法 (arbitrary Lagrange-Euler, ALE)运动学描述引入到Navier-Stokes方程中,推导了俯仰激励下液体大幅晃 动数值模拟计算公式,并利用Galerkin加权余量法推导了有限元数值离散方程和分步有限 元计算格式,采用ALE分步有限元方法对圆筒形贮腔中的液体大幅晃动进行了数值模拟计 算. 得到了波高、晃动力及晃动力矩等晃动特性的时间变化历程,并对结果进行了分析,揭 示了俯仰激励下三维液体大幅晃动问题的非线性现象.     

Nonlinear simulation of a tuned liquid damper with damping screens using a modal expansion technique

Tuned liquid dampers utilize sloshing fluid to control wind-induced structural motions. However, as a result of the nonlinear free surface boundary conditions of fluid sloshing in a two-dimensional rectangular container, a closed-form solution describing the response behaviour is unavailable. Modal expansions, which couple the sloshing modes, are carried out to the first, third and fifth order to construct a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations that are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Gill Method. Modal damping is incorporated to account for energy losses arising from the fluid viscosity and the inclusion of damping screens. The model is in general agreement with a previous third-order model that incorporated screen damping in the fundamental sloshing mode only. Sinusoidal shake table experiments are conducted to validate the proposed models. Response time histories and frequency response plots assess the model’s prediction of wave heights, sloshing forces, and screen forces. The first-order model accurately predicts the resonant sloshing forces, and forces on a mid-tank screen. The higher-order models better represent the wave heights and forces on an off-centre screen. Experimental results from structure–TLD system tests under random excitation are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. The first-order model is able to predict the variance of the structural response and the effective damping the TLD adds to the structure, but as a minimum, a third-order model should be employed to predict the fluid response. It is concluded that a first-order model can be utilized for preliminary TLD design, while a higher-order model should be used to determine the required tank freeboard and the loading on damping screens positioned at off-centre locations.     

Nonlinear Random Response of Cylindrical Panels to Acoustic Excitations Using Finite Element Modal Method

This paper investigates large amplitude multi-mode free vibration andrandom response of thin cylindrical panels of rectangular planform usinga finite element modal formulation. A thin laminated composite doublycurved element is developed. The system equation in structural nodal DOFis transformed into the modal coordinates by the using the modes of theunderlying linear system. The nonlinear stiffness matrices are alsotransformed into nonlinear modal stiffness matrices. Numericalintegration is employed to determine free vibration and random response.Single-mode free vibration results are compared with existing classicalanalytical solutions to validate the nonlinear modal formulation.Nonlinear random analysis results for cylindrical panels have shown thatthe root mean square of panel deflections could be larger than thoseobtained using the linear structure theory. Time histories, probabilitydistribution functions, power spectral densities, and phase plane plotsare also presented.     

燃料大幅晃动等几何分析仿真及航天器耦合动力学研究

现代航天器肩负许多周期长且复杂的航天任务,通常需要携带大量的液体燃料.贮箱中液体燃料大幅晃动会严重影响航天器的姿态稳定性和控制精度,是现代航天器耦合动力学建模和精确控制研究的重要问题.本文提出了一种新的液体大幅晃动数值仿真方法,采用等几何分析方法对贮箱内气体和液体整体进行建模和空间离散,采用压力修正的分步法对控制方程进行时间离散,结合水平集方法划分气体和液体区域并且实时追踪液体晃动自由面.提出了一种质量修正方法以消除水平集函数演化产生的液体质量误差.基于燃料大幅晃动等几何分析仿真方法,对携带太阳能帆板的充液航天器进行动力学建模和耦合运动数值仿真.对于太阳能帆板的振动问题则采用Kirchhoff-Love板理论建模和模态分析法数值求解.通过将数值仿真结果与解析解对比,证明了本文给出方法的正确性.本文还对燃料大幅晃动下的航天器刚-液-柔耦合运动进行了数值仿真,发现液体晃动对航天器的姿态变化和结构振动的幅值和频率具有不可忽视的影响.