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1.
In this paper we present for the first time the measured delayed neutron (DN) yields and time spectra from high-energy protons interacting with thick natPb targets. The 1GeV protons from the accelerator impinged on targets of different thicknesses producing a huge number of spallation-fission products, some of which can be DN precursors. After the beam is switched off, the DNs were detected with optimized 3He counter. The production yields of light DN precursors as 17N and “usual” fission products as 87Br and 88Br, which dominate the total DN activity, are obtained both for thin and thick targets. These new data are of great interest for the new generation high-power spallation targets based on liquid-metal technologies. Our findings also should help to constrain the physics models within the simulations codes.  相似文献   

2.
The cross sections for the production of the radioactive isotopes 74As, 68Ge, 65Zn, and 60Co in metallic germanium irradiated with 100-MeV protons were measured, the experiments being performed both with germanium of natural isotopic composition and germanium enriched in the isotope 76Ge. The targets were irradiated with a proton beam at the facility for the production of radionuclides at the accelerator of the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR, Moscow). The data obtained will further be used to calculate the background of radioactive isotopes formed by nuclear cascades of cosmic-ray muons in new-generation experiments devoted to searches for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge at underground laboratories.  相似文献   

3.
The energy and time spectra of γ rays emitted during negative-muon capture in 150Sm were studied. The total muon lifetime in 150Sm was measured. The yields of several radioactive isotopes in this reaction were determined. The partial γ-ray yield upon muon capture by a 150Sm nucleus were measured.  相似文献   

4.
The isomeric ratios of the yields for 190m,g Ir and 196m,g Au have been measured in the (γ,n) reaction in the near-threshold region at γ-ray energies of 12 and 12.5 MeV. The isomeric ratios for 198m,g Au have been measured in the (d,p) and (n,γ) reactions. The statistical nature of the (γ,n) and (n,γ) reactions is shown.  相似文献   

5.
New data on the cross sections of reactions occurring during the interaction of 6He nuclei with 197Au at energies of 6He from 40 to 120 MeV are presented. The experiments were performed in the ACCULINNA secondary beam separator of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. To identify the reaction products, the activation method for measuring the gamma activity of the target assembly of thin foils was used. The excitation functions for fusion reactions involving the evaporation of up to ten neutrons from the compound nucleus as well as reactions with the emission of charged particles and nucleon transfer in the investigated energy region are obtained. Data analysis was carried out using two codes: ALICE-MP and NRV. The cross sections for the (6He, xn) reactions occurring through the compound nucleus are mostly in agreement with the results of model calculations based on the statistical approach. It is shown that, up to the energies of 114 MeV, the cross-section drop in the complete fusion reactions is negligible. The experimental excitation functions of reactions leading to the formation of isotopes of mercury and gold (transfer reaction) indicate that the main contribution to their formation is made by direct processes and that evaporation reactions (6He, pxn) and (6He, αxn) play a minor role, as is evidenced by a comparison of the measured cross sections with the calculation results.  相似文献   

6.
Penning-trap measurements on stable 92, 94-98, 100Mo isotopes have been performed with relative accuracy of \(\ensuremath 1\cdot 10^{-8}\) with the JYFLTRAP Penning-trap mass spectrometer by using 85Rb as a reference. The Mo isotopes have been found to be about 3keV more bound than given in the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2003 (AME03). The results confirm that the discrepancy between the ISOLTRAP and JYFLTRAP data for 101-105Cd isotopes was due to an erroneous value in the AME03 for 96Mo used as a reference at JYFLTRAP. The measured frequency ratios of Mo isotopes have been used to update mass-excess values of 30 neutron-deficient nuclides measured at JYFLTRAP.  相似文献   

7.
Experimental data on the momentum distributions of 4He nuclei originating from 6He and 6Li breakup on various targets are presented over a wide beam energy range. The experiment with 6He was performed at the DRIBs accelerator complex for radioactive beams at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna). The intensity of the 6He beam used was 5 × 106 particles per second and its energy was 10 MeV per nucleon. The momentum distributions of breakup products were measured by means of the MSP-144 magnetic spectrometer. The distribution width was shown to be virtually independent of the target mass. A small value of this width, σ ~ 28 MeV/c, confirms the presence of a halo in 6He. The measurements performed with 6Li beams of energy 18 and 46 MeV per nucleon at the U-400M accelerator yielded a width value of σ ~ 50 MeV/c for the momentum distributions of 4He nuclei, which is intermediate between that for 6He and those for stable nuclei. A compilation of the widths of the momentum distributions of fragments originating from the breakup of various nuclei is presented versus the binding energy of one or two neutrons in these nuclei, the target mass and the projectile energy.  相似文献   

8.
Problem of evaluation of spatial distribution of 137Cs in soil and of direct radiation impact of the Armenian NPP on population dwelling in the region of its location, on the background of global radioactive fallouts and aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident is solved. Content of radiationdangerous radionuclide 137Cs in soil on the territory with radius 50 km including the NPP area has been investigated. Points of monitoring have been chosen on the basis of analysis of meteorological data and calculation of the distance where emissions from NPP have maximal concentration in air. The obtained results agree well with the data of UN Scientific Committee of Radiation Action.  相似文献   

9.
We have calculated the one-neutron absorption cross-section and the longitudinal momentum distribution of the core fragment coming out from the breakup of 11Be and 19C on 9Be target at 63 MeV/A and 88 MeV/A beam energies respectively. The reaction mechanism is treated within the framework of the eikonal approximation. The effective range of the nuclear interaction between the core and the valence neutron within the projectile has been determined by comparing the predicted stripping cross-section with the recently measured one. The effective range for 19C has been found to be smaller than that for 11Be. It qualitatively indicates that 19C is slightly more halo than 11Be. The smaller width, predicted as well as measured, of the LMD of 18C than 10Be also strengthens this fact. The experimental data concerning the LMD of core fragments have been well represented.   相似文献   

10.
The problem of the use of such cosmogenic nuclides as 14C and 10Be in natural archives for reconstruction of both the solar activity and the cosmic-ray intensity is discussed. The climate-dependent processes of the formation, transport, and deposition of these nuclides to Earth’s archives must be taken into account for adequate processing of information derived from such archives.  相似文献   

11.
Angular distributions in the elastic scattering of 8B from 12C and 58Ni targets at different energies have been analyzed in the framework of the double-folding (DF) optical model. The real central part of the nuclear optical potential is obtained by folding the M3Y effective interaction with the cluster density distribution of the 8B nucleus. The experimental angular distributions have been successfully reproduced. This confirms the validity of the cluster structure of the 8B nucleus.  相似文献   

12.
We investigate theoretically projectile fragmentation in reactions of 40,48Ca on 9Be and 181Ta targets using a Boltzmann-type transport approach, which is supplemented by a statistical decay code to describe the de-excitation of the hot primary fragments. We determine the thermodynamical properties of the primary fragments and calculate the isotope distributions of the cold final fragments. These describe the data reasonably well. For the pairs of projectiles with different isotopic content we analyze the isotopic scaling (or isoscaling) of the final fragment distributions, which has been used to extract the symmetry energy of the primary source. The calculation exhibits isoscaling behavior for the total yields as do the experiments. We also perform an impact-parameter-dependent isoscaling analysis in view of the fact that the primary systems at different impact parameters have very different properties. Then the isoscaling behavior is less stringent, which we can attribute to specific structure effects of the 40,48Ca pair. The symmetry energy determined in this way depends on these structure effects.  相似文献   

13.
The average angular momenta of the 84Br, 132Sb, 133Te, and 135Xe fission fragments, produced as a result of 232Th and 238U photofission by bremmsstrahlung γ photons with an endpoint energy of 8.5 MeV, have been determined by measuring the isomeric yield ratios. The experimental isomeric yield ratios have been calculated taking into account the contribution from β decay of isobaric nuclei to the yields of isotopes studied.  相似文献   

14.
The 16O + 28Si reaction has been widely studied both experimentally and theoretically and has been claimed to show indications of chaotic scattering. In order to examine this claim and to address whether reaction models such as the optical one could explain the experimental data, we have analyzed the 16O + 28Si system within the framework of the optical model for ten energies from 29.0 to 45.0 MeV, by using microscopic folded potentials, which are based on M3Y nucleon-nucleon, alpha-alpha effective interactions and a phenomenological shallow potential. All potentials describe the individual angular distributions very well at forward angles. However, they fail to describe the individual angular distributions over the whole angular range up to 180°. Nevertheless, we have been able to explain the experimental data by modifying the surface region of the microscopic real potentials by adding two surface potentials. With these correction potentials, we have obtained very good agreement for the individual angular distributions over the whole angular range for the given energies as well as for the experimental data near the Coulomb barrier. The failure of these optical potentials in explaining the scattering observables of this reaction without corrections puts a question mark on the model and supports the idea of a chaotic behavior. The text was submitted by the authors in English.  相似文献   

15.
K + K - production in two-photon collisions has been studied using a large data sample of 67 fb-1 accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e + e - collider. We have measured the cross section for the process for center-of-mass energies between 1.4 and 2.4 GeV, and found three new resonant structures in the energy region between 1.6 and 2.4 GeV. The angular differential cross sections have also been measured.Received: 30 September 2003, Published online: 18 December 2003  相似文献   

16.
The yields of photonuclear reactions on mixtures of natural isotopes of strontium and molybdenum that result in the formation and decay of bypassed nuclei 84Sr and 92Mo are measured and compared to theoretical results obtained using the TALYS code and calculations in the combined model of photonucleon reaction (CMPR). The need is demonstrated to consider isospin splitting in cases of photoproton reactions. The yields of the 92Mo(γ,p)91mNb, 84Sr(γ,p)83Rb reactions that make the main contribution to the formation and decay of 84Sr and 92Mo in the p-process of nucleosynthesis differ from the TALYS and CMPR results by several hundred percent.  相似文献   

17.
Internal conversion electrons from the decay of 148Ce and 148mPr have been measured with a Si(Li) detector. The radioactive sources were produced by the thermal neutron-induced fission of 235U, followed by an on-line mass separation. K- and L-conversion electrons of the isomeric transition from 148mPr were newly observed at 34.6 and 70.8 keV, respectively. The M3 multipolarity was assigned to this transition from the experimental conversion coefficients, and, consequently, the 76.8 keV isomeric level was found to be a 4- state. Parities of some excited levels in 148Pr were also deduced.  相似文献   

18.
To investigate the impact shell effects have in the formation of neutron-rich fragments in multinucleon transfer reactions, a series of experiments to explore the binary channel in 156,160Gd + 186W reactions at energies near and above the Coulomb barrier is performed at the Flerov Laboratory’s U-400 accelerator using the CORSET setup. These experiments are aimed mainly at obtaining the production cross sections of leadlike fragments in the process of inverse quasifission. The mass, energy, and angular distributions of the binary reaction products are measured at energies of 860 and 935 MeV of 160Gd ions and 878MeV in the case of 156Gd ions. The excitation energies of primary fragments are estimated using their measured mass–energy distributions. Enhanced yields of products with masses of 200–215 amu are observed for both reactions. At energies above the barrier for side-to-side collisions (935 MeV), the yield of lead-like fragments is an order of magnitude larger than at energies near the Coulomb barrier, due possibly to the influence of orientation effects. The enhancement observed in the yield of reaction products with masses heavier than the target mass confirms that multinucleon transfer reactions can be used to obtain new neutron-rich isotopes, and to synthesize new superheavy elements.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Inclusive energy distributions for light charged particles (p , d , t and have been measured in the 20Ne (158, 170, 180, 200 MeV) + 12C reactionsintheangularrange$10°$ - - $50°$.Exclusivelight-charged-particleenergydistributionmeasurementswerealsodoneforthesamesystemat158 MeVbombardingenergybyin - planelightchargedparticle - - fragmentcoincidence.Pre - equilibriumcomponentshavebeenseparatedoutfromprotonenergyspectrausingthemovingsourcemodelconsideringtwosources.ThedatahavebeencomparedwiththepredictionsofthestatisticalmodelcodeCASCADE.Ithasbeenobservedthatsignificantdeformationeffectswereneededtobeintroducedinthecompoundnucleusinordertoexplaintheshapeoftheevaporated$d$,$t$energyspectra.Forprotons, evaporatedenergyspectrawereratherinsensitivetonucleardeformation, thoughangulardistributionscouldnotbeexplainedwithoutdeformation.Thedecaysequenceofthehot$32S$nucleushasbeeninvestigatedthroughexclusivelight - - charged - particlemeasurementsusingthe$20Ne$$(158 MeV) + $12C reaction. Information on the sequential decay chain has been extracted through a comparison of the experimental data with the predictions of the statistical model. It is observed from the present analysis that exclusive light-charged-particle data may be used as a powerful tool to probe the decay sequence of hot light compound systems.  相似文献   

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