蕴含三类导出子图的可图序列

对非负整数序列π=（d1,d2……,dn),0≤di≤n-1,本分别给出了它蕴含导出子图为几乎处处完全图,完全图去掉一个Hamilton圈的边,完全k-部图可图（即蕴含aw^1,Aw^2和Ar,r2…,rk-可图）的判别准则。     

蕴含W6-可图序列

摘要对于给定的图日,如果可图序列π有一个实现包含日作为子图,则称丌是蕴含H-可图的．本文给出了可图序列π蕴含W6-可图的一个充分条件,其中Wτ是τ个顶点的轮图．     

蕴含W_6-可图序列

对于给定的图H,如果可图序列π有一个实现包含H作为子图,则称π是蕴含H-可图的.本文给出了可图序列π蕴含W_6-可图的一个充分条件,其中W_r是r个顶点的轮图.     

有一个实现包含Kr +1的可图序列

设K _{r +1}是一个r +1个顶点的完全图. 一个可图序列π =(d₁, d₂,…, d_n)称为是蕴含K _r+1 -可图的, 如果π有一个实现包含 K _{r +1}作为子图. 该文进一步研究了蕴含K _{r+1 -}可图序列的一些新的条件, 证明了这些条件包含文献[14,10,11]中的一些主要结果和当n≥5r/2 +1时,σ(K _r+1, n)之值(此值在文献[2]中被猜测, 在文献[6,7,8,3]中被证实). 此外, 确定了所有满足n≥5, d₅≥4 且不蕴含K₅ -可图序列π=(d₁, d₂,…, d_n)的集合.     

图的度序列

图的度序列是图论研究中一个重要的课题．至今已发表了４００余篇文章．本文概述这一课题的某些进展，其中包括了可图序列的判准、蕴含Ｐ可图序列和强迫Ｐ可图序列的一些主要结论，同时列出了一些有待进一步研究的问题．     

可图序列偏序集的极小元

ｎ项非增非负整数序列是可图的,若是某个阶简单图的度序列．所有项和为２ｍ、迹为ｆ的ｎ项可图序列的集合Ｇ_ｎ,ｍ,ｆ在优超关系下是一个偏序集．本文刻划了偏序集Ｇ_ｎ,ｍ,ｆ的极小元,并确定各种可图序列偏序集中极小元的个数．     

定向可图的度偶序列

n为非负整数序列，若存在以该序列为度序列的图，则称n为可图的，特别的，若此图是一个定向图，该序列则称为是定向可图的，本提出了一个判断序列是否为定向可图的充分必要条件，并且在定理的证明过程中给出了一个在定理条件下构造所求定向图的有效算法。     

蕴含K6-Z6-可图序列的刻划

对于给定的图日,若可图序列π有一个实现G以H为其子图,则称π为蕴含日一可图的．在本文,作者刻划了蕴含K6-Z6-可图序列．     

蕴含K4＋P2-可图序列的刻划

对于给定的图H,若存在可图序列π的一个实现包含H作为子图,则称π为蕴含H-可图的．Gould等人考虑了下述极值问题的变形：确定最小的偶整数σ（H,n）,使得每个满足σ（π）≥σ（H,n）的n项可图序列π=（d1,d2,…,dn）是蕴含H-可图的,其中σ（π）=∑di．本文刻划了蕴含K4＋P2-可图序列,其中K4＋P2是向致的一个顶点添加两条悬挂边后构成的简单图．这一刻划导出σ（K4＋P2,n）的值．     

完全图圈分解的一种新方法

本文给出完全图圈分解的一种新方法，设Ｋｎ（ｎ≥３）是一个ｎ阶完全图，我们得到下列结果：（１）若ｎ为奇数，Ｇ是ｎ阶群，并且｛ｏ（ｘ）│∈Ｇ，ｏ（ｘ）≥３｝＝｛ａ１，…，ａｔ｝，则Ｋｎ＝ｍ１Ｃａ１＋…＋ｍｔＣａｔ。（２）若ｎ为偶数，Ｇ是ｎ阶群，Ｔ＝｛ｘ│ｘ∈Ｇ，ｏ（ｘ）＝２｝＝｛ｘ０，ｘ１，ｙ１，…，ｘｓ，ｙｓ｝，ｏ（ｘｉｙｉ）＝ｂｉ，ｉ＝１，…，ｓ及｛ｏ（ｘ）│ｘ∈Ｇ，ｏ（ｘ）≥｝＝｛ａ１，…，ａｔ     

Subgraphs and well-quasi-ordering

Let ?? be a class of graphs and let ? be the subgraph or the induced subgraph relation. We call ? an ideal (with respect to ?) if ? implies that ?. In this paper, we study the ideals that are well-quasiordered by ?. The following are our main results. If ? is the subgraph relation, we characterize the well-quasi-ordered ideals in terms of exluding subgraphs. If?is the induced subgraph relation, we present three wellquasi-ordered ideals. We also construct examples to disprove some of the possible generalizations of our results. The connections between some of our results and digraphs are considered in this paper too.     

Largest Non-Unique Subgraphs

The reduction number r(G) of a graph G is the maximum integer m≤|E(G)| such that the graphs G−E, E⊆E(G),|E|≤m, are mutually non-isomorphic, i.e., each graph is unique as a subgraph of G. We prove that and show by probabilistic methods that r(G) can come close to this bound for large orders. By direct construction, we exhibit graphs with large reduction number, although somewhat smaller than the upper bound. We also discuss similarities to a parameter introduced by Erdős and Rényi capturing the degree of asymmetry of a graph, and we consider graphs with few circuits in some detail. Supported by a grant from the Danish Natural Science Research Council.     

Bipartite Subgraphs and Quasi-Randomness

We say that a family of graphs is p-quasi-random, 0<p<1, if it shares typical properties of the random graph G(n,p); for a definition, see below. We denote by the class of all graphs H for which and the number of not necessarily induced labeled copies of H in G_n is at most (1+o(1))p^e(H)n^v(H) imply that is p-quasi-random. In this note, we show that all complete bipartite graphs K_a,b, a,b2, belong to for all 0<p<1.Acknowledgments We would like to thank Andrew Thomason for fruitful discussions and Yoshi Kohayakawa for organizing Extended Workshop on Combinatorics in eq5 Paulo, Ubatuba, and Rio de Janeiro, where a part of this work was done. We also thank the referees for their careful work.The first author was partially supported by NSF grant INT-0072064The second author was partially supported by NSF grants DMS-9970622, DMS-0301228 and INT-0072064Final version received: October 24, 2003     

Counting Unbranched Subgraphs

Given an arbitrary finite graph, the polynomial associates a weight zcardF to each unbranched subgraph F of length cardF. We show that all the zeros of Q have negative real part.     

PM-compact Graphs and Vertex-deleted Subgraphs

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series - The perfect matching polytope of a graph G is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of all perfect matchings of G. A graph G is PM-compact...     

Factors and Connected Induced Subgraphs

 Let G be a connected graph without loops and without multiple edges, and let p be an integer such that 0 < p<|V(G)|. Let f be an integer-valued function on V(G) such that 2≤f(x)≤ deg _G (x) for all x∈V(G). We show that if every connected induced subgraph of order p of G has an f-factor, then G has an f-factor, unless ∑ _{x ∈ V ( G )} f(x) is odd. Received: June 29, 1998?Final version received: July 30, 1999     

Highly Symmetric Subgraphs of Hypercubes

Two questions are considered, namely (i) How many colors are needed for a coloring of the n-cube without monochromatic quadrangles or hexagons? We show that four colors suffice and thereby settle a problem of Erdös. (ii) Which vertex-transitive induced subgraphs does a hypercube have? An interesting graph has come up in this context: If we delete a Hamming code from the 7-cube, the resulting graph is 6-regular, vertex-transitive and its edges can be two-colored such that the two monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic, cubic, edge-transitive, nonvertex-transitive graphs of girth 10.     

On Subgraphs in Distance-Regular Graphs

Terwilliger [15] has given the diameter bound d (s – 1)(k – 1) + 1 for distance-regular graphs with girth 2s and valency k. We show that the only distance-regular graphs with even girth which reach this bound are the hypercubes and the doubled Odd graphs. Also we improve this bound for bipartite distance-regular graphs. Weichsel [17] conjectures that the only distance-regular subgraphs of a hypercube are the even polygons, the hypercubes and the doubled Odd graphs and proves this in the case of girth 4. We show that the only distance-regular subgraphs of a hypercube with girth 6 are the doubled Odd graphs. If the girth is equal to 8, then its valency is at most 12.     

Subgraphs of colour-critical graphs

Some problems and results on the distribution of subgraphs in colour-critical graphs are discussed. In section 3 arbitrarily largek-critical graphs withn vertices are constructed such that, in order to reduce the chromatic number tok−2, at leastc _k n ² edges must be removed. In section 4 it is proved that a 4-critical graph withn vertices contains at mostn triangles. Further it is proved that ak-critical graph which is not a complete graph contains a (k−1)-critical graph which is not a complete graph.