(ZrCa)xY2-2xW3O12固溶体吸水性及热膨胀性能研究

采用固相烧结法制备出(ZrCa)_xY_2-2xW₃O₁₂(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9和1.0)固溶体,并利用XRD、拉曼光谱、热分析及热膨胀仪对材料的结构、吸水性及热膨胀性进行研究。结果表明,随着(ZrCa)⁶⁺含量的增加,固溶体的吸水性明显降低,结晶水释放后,该系列固溶体的热膨胀系数呈规律性变化。当x=0.6时,(ZrCa)_0.6Y_0.8W₃O₁₂为近零膨胀,且其线性热膨胀系数a_l为2.79×10^-7 K^-1(453～1 000 K)。     

(Sm0.5Gd0.2Nd0.3)2(Hf0.3Ce0.7)2O7复合氧化物的热物理性能

为寻求新型热障涂层用陶瓷材料,本文采用高温固相烧结法制备了(Sm_0.5Gd_0.2Nd_0.3)₂(Hf_0.3Ce_0.7)₂O₇复合氧化物。利用XRD分析了其晶体结构,SEM分析其显微组织,膨胀仪测试其热膨胀性能,激光热导仪测试其热扩散系数。结果表明,成功制备了具有单一萤石晶体结构的(Sm_0.5Gd_0.2Nd_0.3)₂(Hf_0.3Ce_0.7)₂O₇复合氧化物。其显微组织结构致密,晶界清晰无其他相存在。由于复杂的元素组成和较大的原子量,其热导率明显低于7YSZ和Sm₂Ce₂O₇。其较低的热膨胀系数则归因于B位离子较小的离子半径,但其热膨胀系数依然满足热障涂层的要求。     

非稀土激活耐高温蓝紫色Zn3B2O6∶Bi3+荧光粉的发光特性研究

完全人工光控植物生长技术的快速发展对光源的要求精益求精,发光强度高、热稳定性良好的蓝紫色荧光粉是植物生长的关键材料。本文采用固相法合成了非稀土Bi³⁺激活耐高温蓝紫色Zn₃B₂O₆∶xBi³⁺(0≤x≤0.03)荧光粉。X射线衍射和能谱分析结果表明Bi³⁺成功进入Zn₃B₂O₆基质晶格。荧光光谱观察到Zn₃B₂O₆∶xBi³⁺荧光粉在430 nm(³P₁～¹S₀)处呈现窄带蓝紫光,半峰全宽仅为56 nm,最佳Bi³⁺掺杂浓度为0.02。依据激发光谱峰形和寿命衰减行为,证明了Bi³⁺在Zn₃B₂O₆基质中仅占据Z...     

Li0.5Bi0.5MoO4对Li2Zn2(MoO4)3陶瓷的微波介电性能影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了xLi_0.5Bi_0.5MoO₄-(1-x)Li₂Zn₂(MoO₄)₃ [xLBM-(1-x)LZM]复合陶瓷,研究添加不同质量分数(x=25%,30%,35%,40%和45%)的LBM对LZM陶瓷的烧结特性、物相组成、微观结构以及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定量的LBM不仅能将LZM的谐振频率温度系数(τ_f)调节近零,还能降低LZM的烧结致密化温度;LBM可与LZM共存,且不发生化学反应生成其他新相。随着LBM添加量增加,复合陶瓷的烧结致密化温度逐渐降低、体积密度先增大后减小、介电常数(ε_r)与τ_f逐渐增大而品质因数(Q×f)逐渐减小。当LBM添加量为40%时,LZM-LBM复合陶瓷在600 ℃烧结2 h获得最大体积密度为4.41 g/cm³,以及优异的微波介电性能:ε_r为13.8,Q×f为28 581 GHz,τ_f为-4×10^-6/℃。     

Li(Na,K)Ba(Sr,Ca)B9O15∶Eu3+荧光粉的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法在空气气氛下合成了一系列Eu³⁺掺杂硼酸盐基质荧光粉。用X射线衍射、荧光光谱以及色坐标等手段对荧光粉的晶相和发光性能进行表征。通过LiBaB₉O₁₅中的碱金属以及碱土金属之间的相互取代,研究了基质组成的改变对荧光粉发光性能的影响。结果表明,在Li(Na,K)Ba(Sr,Ca)B₉O₁₅∶0.07Eu³⁺系列荧光粉中,LiSrB₉O₁₅∶0.07Eu³⁺荧光粉的发光强度最强。考察了煅烧温度、保温时间和Eu³⁺掺杂量对LiSrB₉O₁₅∶Eu³⁺荧光粉晶相和发光性能的影响,煅烧温度为750 ℃,保温时间为1~5 h时,样品的结晶性均良好。Eu³⁺掺杂量为0.52时,LiSrB₉O₁₅∶Eu³⁺荧光粉的发光强度最强。当x≥0.42(x=0.42,0.47,0.52,0.57)时,LiSrB₉O₁₅∶xEu³⁺色坐标均接近标准红光(0.67,0.33)。比较了LiSrB₉O₁₅∶xEu³⁺(x=0.02~0.57)荧光粉的611 nm(⁵D₀→⁷F₂)和586 nm(⁵D₀→⁷F₁)处发射峰相对强度比值R,R值变化不大,说明多数Eu³⁺在晶格中处于非反演对称中心的格位;比较了LiSrB₉O₁₅∶0.52Eu³⁺荧光粉和商用Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺荧光粉的发光特性,在260 nm波长激发下,LiSrB₉O₁₅∶0.52Eu³⁺荧光粉的发光强度弱于Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺荧光粉;在362 nm和394 nm波长激发下,LiSrB₉O₁₅∶0.52Eu³⁺荧光粉的发光强度强于Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺荧光粉。     

Sr3ZnNb2O9:0.3Eu3+,xNa+荧光粉的合成和发光性能研究

本文通过高温固相反应成功制备了Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺,xNa⁺(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)系列荧光粉。X射线衍射分析和精修结果表明,Eu³⁺和Na⁺成功掺杂到Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉基质中,并部分取代了Zn²⁺。采用扫描电子显微镜测试了样品的微观形貌和元素分布。光谱特性和热稳定性研究表明,Na⁺的最佳掺杂浓度为x=0.2,Na⁺的引入提高了Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺荧光粉的热稳定性,活化能为0.163 eV。计算出Sr₃ZnNb₂O₉∶0.3Eu³⁺, 0.2Na⁺样品...     

草酸配体修饰的锆取代型硅钨-氧簇合物的合成、结构和电化学性质研究

通过水热反应,成功合成了一个草酸配体修饰的四核锆取代的夹心型硅钨-氧簇合物H₁₂Na₂[Zr₄(μ₃-O)₂(μ₂-OH)₂(Ox)₂(α-SiW₁₀O₃₇)₂]·22H₂O (Ox=oxalic acid)。该夹心型硅钨-氧簇是由两个{α-SiW₁₀O₃₇}簇块通过一个{Zr₄(μ₃-O)₂(μ₂-OH)₂(Ox)₂}簇连接构成的。通过X-射线单晶衍射、IR、TG以及元素分析对该簇合物进行表征。晶体结构分析表明: 该簇合物结晶于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群,a=2.132 2 (6) nm, b=1.271 6 (4) nm, c=2.223 1 (7) nm, β=110.933(4)°,V=5.629 9(3) nm³,Z=2,R₁=0.061 5,wR₂=0.164 4。电化学和电催化性质研究表明标题簇合物对NO^-₂的还原有很好的电催化效果。     

NiO对镁铝尖晶石反应烧结性能的影响

本文以高纯电熔镁砂和煅烧活性氧化铝粉为原料,以氧化亚镍(NiO)为添加剂,通过传统固相烧结法制备镁铝尖晶石材料。将MgO和Al₂O₃粉按理论摩尔比1∶1进行配料,在体系中分别引入质量分数为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的NiO。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对烧结后试样进行分析,研究了NiO的添加对MgAl₂O₄材料烧结性能、物相组成及显微结构的影响。结果表明:引入适量的NiO可以显著促进MgAl₂O₄相的形成以及晶粒的发育长大;在1 600 ℃时,当NiO含量低于1.5%时,NiO能完全溶入MgAl₂O₄晶格并优先取代Al³⁺,提高了MgAl₂O₄晶体内部的缺陷浓度,活化了晶格,从而促进MgAl₂O₄的烧结。当NiO含量高于1.5%时,其内部开始出现较多第二相NiO,阻碍了物质的迁移和传输,反而不利于MgAl₂O₄烧结性能的提高。     

白磷钙石型荧光粉Ca1.8Li0.6La0.6-x(PO4)2∶xEu3+的合成、结构及发光性能

白磷钙石结构化合物合成温度较低,且具有更加丰富可调变的晶体学格位,是一种优良的发光基质材料。本文采用高温固相法在1 250 ℃条件下合成了白磷钙石型发光材料Ca_1.8Li_0.6La_0.6-x(PO₄)₂∶xEu³⁺(x=0、0.01、0.03、0.06、0.09、0.15),并采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和荧光光谱仪对其结构和发光性能进行系统表征。结果表明,制备荧光粉均为白磷钙石结构,Eu³⁺的掺杂并未在很大程度上改变其结构。该体系荧光粉发射红光,发射光谱出现了Eu³⁺的特征发射,最强发射峰位于617 nm处,来源Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁。随着Eu³⁺掺杂浓度的增加,样品的荧光寿命逐渐减小,证明了Eu³⁺离子间能量传递的存在。     

高效Mo-Ni5P4双功能电催化剂的制备及其电解水性能研究

电催化制氢通过析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)同时产生氢气(H₂)和氧气(O₂),是一种高效且环境友好的产氢方式。但现阶段商业化的高效催化剂价格昂贵且储量较少,限制了电解水技术的大规模应用。因此,开发低成本、高稳定和环境友好的高效电催化剂,特别是基于非贵金属材料的磷化物电催化剂,成为近期研究热点。本研究通过水热和相对较低的磷化温度成功制备出了具有镂空纳米花结构的Mo掺杂Ni₅P₄催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Mo-Ni₅P₄催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Mo-Ni₅P₄材料的电化学性能。研究发现,所合成的催化剂凭借掺杂对电子结构的改变,以及多孔纳米片的大表面积优势,提高了HER水解离步骤的速率。在碱性电解液中,Mo负载下的Ni₅P₄仅需116 mV的析氢过电位就可实现10 mA·cm^-2的电...     

Solvothermal synthesis of K2V3O8 nanorods

A solvothermal route has been developed to synthesize K₂V₃O₈ nanorods via the reduction of V₂O₅ using ethanol as the reducing agent as well as the solvent at 200°C. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analysis revealed that the as-synthesized products are of tetragonal structure K₂V₃O₈. Transmission electron spectroscopy image showed that the obtained K₂V₃O₈ comprises rod-like nanocrystallites. The formation mechanism of K₂V₃O₈ was studied.     

Flux growth of BPO4 crystals

Single crystals of BPO₄ with sizes up to 15×10×12 mm³ were grown by top-seeded solution growth method using Li₂O–Li₄P₂O₇ as fluxes. The components volatilized from the melt were characterized by the method of X-ray powder diffraction. The defects of grown crystals have also been investigated. The measured ultraviolet cutoff edge of BPO₄ was about 130 nm. Its density was 2.82 g/cm³ determined using drainage method.     

In vitro degradation studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramics prepared by controlled crystallization

Calcium phosphate glass ceramics with incorporation of small additions of two nucleating agents, MgO and K₂O were prepared in the metaphosphate and pyrophosphate region, using an appropriate two-step heat treatment of controlled crystallization defined by differential thermal analysis results. Identification and quantification of crystalline phases precipitated from the calcium phosphate glass were performed using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. The β-Ca₂P₂O₇ (β-DCP), KCa(PO₃)₃, β-Ca(PO₃)₂ and Ca₄P₆O₁₉ phases were detected in the glass ceramics. In order to evaluate the degradation of the glass ceramics prepared, degradation studies were carried out during 42 days in Tris-HCl solution at 37 °C, pH 7.4, using granules in the range of 355–415 μm. The materials presented a weight loss ranging up to 12%. The ions leached during the immersion mainly originated from the KCa(PO₃)₃ phase, probably due to the presence of K⁺ ion in the calcium metaphosphate, and the residual glassy phase. The structural changes at the surface of materials during degradation have been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that significant surface changes occurred with immersion time, with the decrease of KCa(PO₃)₃, β-Ca₂P₂O₇ and β-Ca(PO₃)₂ phases occurring at different periods of immersion. This study has demonstrated an easy way to prepared calcium phosphate materials with specific calcium phosphate phases and crystallization, and therefore specific degradation rates.     

纳米级SnO2或Yb2O3对熔融石英陶瓷析晶性能的影响

通过XRD分析和热膨胀率实验,从析晶角度探讨了添加纳米级SnO₂或Yb₂O₃对熔融石英陶瓷析晶性能的影响。结果表明:熔融石英陶瓷高温析晶的主要晶化产物为方石英,方石英析出量随烧结温度的提高而逐渐增多;纳米级SnO₂或Yb₂O₃的引入可通过抑制熔融石英中方石英的析出,有效地降低熔融石英材料在升温过程中的热膨胀率,并且随着烧结温度升高需要不断调整添加剂用量,纳米级SnO₂和Yb₂O₃的最佳用量(质量分数)分别为1%和2%。     

基于Rietveld精修方法解析Bi2O3的原子热振动

三氧化二铋(Bi₂O₃)是氧离子导电体,为了获得它的原子热振动各向同性温度因子,对该粉末晶体进行X射线衍射实验,建立了晶体结构模型,利用Rietveld 精修方法的RIETAN-2000 程序对所得实验结果进行了晶体结构精修,通过最大熵方法(MEM)解析得到了粉末晶体的等高电子密度分布三维(3D) 和二维(2D)可视化图谱。结果表明,各原子Bi₍₁₎、Bi₍₂₎、O₍₁₎、O₍₂₎和O₍₃₎的原子热振动各向同性温度因子分别为0.004 938 nm²、0.004 174 nm²、0.007 344 nm²、0.007 462 nm²、和0.007 857 nm²,等高电子密度分布的可视化,进一步验证了晶体结构模型和原子位置的准确性,这些参数对研究晶体材料的热性质具有一定参考意义。     

Al2O3-TiO2 and Al2TiO5 ceramic materials by the sol-gel process

Ceramic materials with a very low thermal expansion coefficient are synthesized by the sol-gel process. The binary gel is obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of organometallic compounds of aluminium and titanium. The thermal evolution of the amorphous powder is followed by DTA and TGA measurements. Structural evolution is followed using X-ray diffraction. The crystallization of the TiO₂ rutile and Al₂O₃ corindon starts at 700 and 900°C respectively. The transformation of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ into Al₂TiO₅ appears between 1200 and 1300°C. The densification of the powder is performed by the hot pressing process. The shrinkage of the powder was previously followed by dilatometric measurements. The physical properties of the final material are studied as a function of pressing parameters.     

Sr7Sb2O12∶Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

采用高温固相法制备了一系列新型Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺(x=0~0.35)(摩尔分数)荧光粉,并研究了Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺的物相结构、发光性能、热稳定性以及荧光寿命。在350 nm光激发下,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺可以检测到中心波长在482 nm处的蓝光发射带和中心波长在576 nm处的黄光发射带,当x=0.056时,Dy³⁺浓度猝灭,Sr_6.944Sb₂O₁₂∶0.056Dy³⁺ CIE色坐标为(0.340 8,0.349 3),猝灭机理归因于电偶极-电偶极相互作用。当x=0.14时,该荧光粉可以发出色坐标为(0.310 9,0.314 0)的白光。此外,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺在453 K的发光强度大约为室温下发光强度的83.3%,表现出良好的热稳定性。综合以上研究结果表明,Sr_7-xSb₂O₁₂∶xDy³⁺有望用于紫外光激发的白光发光二极管器件中。