PAMAM树形分子与Cd2＋的配位作用研究及CdS/PAMAM纳米复合材料的制备与表征

CdS半导体纳米簇具有独特的光、电性能, 如何制备均匀分散的、能够稳定存在的CdS纳米簇是目前的研究热点之一. 以聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子为模板, 原位合成了CdS纳米簇. 首先用UV-Vis分光光度法研究了与树形分子的配位机理, 得出G4.5和G5.0的平均饱和配位数分别为16和34, 并发现在G4.5PAMAM树形分子中Cd^2＋主要与最外层叔胺基配位, 在G5.0PAMAM树形分子中Cd^2＋主要与最外层伯胺基配位. 酯端基的G4.5的模板作用要明显优于胺端基的G5.0. 通过改变Cd^2＋与G4.5树形分子的摩尔比可以得到不同粒径的CdS纳米簇. 溶液的pH值对CdS纳米簇影响很大, pH在7.0左右制备的CdS纳米簇粒径小而均匀, 且溶液稳定性高. 用UV-Vis分光光度计和TEM对CdS纳米簇的大小和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明TEM观测CdS纳米簇的粒径要大于用Brus公式的估算值.     

PAMAM树形分子与Cd2＋的配位作用研究及CdS/PAMAM纳米复合材料的制备与表征

CdS半导体纳米簇具有独特的光、电性能, 如何制备均匀分散的、能够稳定存在的CdS纳米簇是目前的研究热点之一. 以聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子为模板, 原位合成了CdS纳米簇. 首先用UV-Vis分光光度法研究了与树形分子的配位机理, 得出G4.5和G5.0的平均饱和配位数分别为16和34, 并发现在G4.5PAMAM树形分子中Cd^2＋主要与最外层叔胺基配位, 在G5.0PAMAM树形分子中Cd^2＋主要与最外层伯胺基配位. 酯端基的G4.5的模板作用要明显优于胺端基的G5.0. 通过改变Cd^2＋与G4.5树形分子的摩尔比可以得到不同粒径的CdS纳米簇. 溶液的pH值对CdS纳米簇影响很大, pH在7.0左右制备的CdS纳米簇粒径小而均匀, 且溶液稳定性高. 用UV-Vis分光光度计和TEM对CdS纳米簇的大小和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明TEM观测CdS纳米簇的粒径要大于用Brus公式的估算值.     

紫外光辐照下以PAMAM树形分子为模板制备Ag纳米簇及光致发光性能研究

以G5.0-OH PAMAM树形分子为模板,用紫外光辐照法制备银纳米簇.用透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振散射光谱等对所制备的银纳米簇进行了表征.结果表明:用紫外光辐照法可以制备尺寸分布均匀、稳定的银纳米簇;且辐照时间、PAMAM树形分子的浓度及Ag⁺/PAMAM树形分子的摩尔比都会对所制备的银纳米簇产生较大的影响.由于所制备的银纳米簇的粒径小于树形分子的流体力学半径,表明树形分子起到了“内模板”作用.同时研究了银纳米簇的尺寸对其光致发光性能的影响,发现通过调节银纳米簇的尺寸可实现其光致发光的可调性.     

以PAMAM树形分子为模板制备Pd纳米簇合物

以酯端基聚酰胺-胺树形分子(PAMAM)为模板在甲醇溶剂中制备了Pd纳米簇合物. 采用紫外-可见分光光度法和红外光谱法研究了Pd²⁺与树形分子的作用机理, 结果表明, Pd²⁺与树形分子内部胺基基团(主要为叔胺基)产生了络合作用. 采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了树形分子包裹的、粒径为2 nm的球形面心立方Pd纳米簇合物. 紫外-可见吸收光谱研究结果表明, Pd²⁺与树形分子的摩尔比越小, 生成的纳米簇合物尺寸越小; 由于高代数树形分子具有封闭结构, 且其内部配体数目较多, 采用较高代数的树形分子(5.5代)比低代数(3.5代)更有利于得到尺寸小、分散性较好的Pd纳米簇合物.     

以聚酰胺-胺树形分子为模板制备AgI纳米簇

本文以聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子为模板,原位制备AgI纳米簇.系统地研究了AgI纳米簇制备过程中各种反应条件如树形分子端基、反应时间、Ag⁺与PAMAM摩尔比等对AgI纳米簇粒径的影响,分别用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、透射电镜等对所制备的纳米簇进行表征.在相同的条件下,以G4.5-COOH₃为模板较以G5.0-NH₂为模板制备的AgI纳米簇粒径小、分布均匀,这主要取决于G4.5-COOCH₃PAMAM树形分子所起的“内模板”作用.G4.5-COOH₃树形分子浓度为1×10^-5mol/L,Ag⁺与树形分子摩尔比为30:1时所制备的AgI纳米簇的粒径分布均匀、稳定性好,室温避光可稳定存在两个月以上.     

聚酰胺-胺型树形分子模板法制备Pt纳米簇

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和红外光谱对Pt2＋与G5.5-COOCH3聚酰胺-胺型树形分子的络合机理进行了研究, 结果表明Pt2＋与G5.5-COOCH3 PAMAM的最外层叔胺基发生络合作用, 但两者之间达到络合平衡需要较长时间, 且平衡时间随Pt2＋与树形分子物质的量比增大而增长; Pt2＋与G5.5-COOCH3树形分子的最大络合数为50～55; 采用硼氢化钠还原法原位制备了G5.5-COOCH3 PAMAM包裹、平均粒径小于2 nm、多晶的球形Pt纳米簇, 并研究了Pt2＋与PAMAM物质的量比对Pt纳米簇形貌的影响, 实验结果表明, Pt2＋与PAMAM物质的量比为10时, 生成尺寸较小分布较窄的内型Pt纳米簇/树形分子复合材料, 而物质的量比为50时, 会生成部分尺寸较大、分布较宽的外型Pt纳米簇/树形分子纳米复合材料.     

PAMAM树形分子模板法原位制备CdS-ZnS核-壳结构量子点

以4、5代PAMAM树形分子(64个酯端基)为模板, 在树形分子空腔内原位合成了CdS-ZnS核-壳结构量子点, 并对其形貌和光学性能进行了表征. HRTEM观察发现量子点分散良好, 尺寸均匀, 平均粒径约为2.3 nm. UV-Vis光谱证明ZnS外延生长在CdS核外, EDS能谱也证明了核壳结构的生成. 适当厚度的ZnS壳层可使光致发光效率提高至31%. PAMAM树形分子包在CdS-ZnS核-壳结构量子点外, 构成一层有机壳, 有效地限制了粒子聚集, 钝化了CdS量子点表面, 提高了发光效率. 另外， PAMAM树形分子良好的溶解性也赋予了量子点在不同极性溶剂中良好的溶解性, 提高了其稳定性.     

溶剂对聚酰胺-胺树形分子模板法原位制备CdS量子点的影响

为了研究非配位型溶剂对聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子的模板法制备CdS量子点的影响, 分别以水、甲醇及二者的混合物( ∶ ＝2∶1)为溶剂, 以4.5代PAMAM树形分子为模板制备了CdS量子点. 结果表明, 相同条件下, 以甲醇为溶剂时制备的CdS量子点为单晶, 平均直径2.7 nm, 尺寸分布窄, 发光强度高; 以水为溶剂制备的CdS量子点为多晶, 平均直径为5.7 nm, 尺寸分布宽, 发光强度低; 在甲醇与水的混合溶剂中制备的CdS量子点为单晶和多晶共存, 平均直径为4.1 nm, 尺寸分布及发光强度都居中. 这主要是由于树形分子的模板作用不同造成的. 树形分子在甲醇中能充分伸展, 起到内模板作用; 树形分子与水之间由双氢键作用而产生交联, 不利于Cd^2＋与树形分子内部基团的配位, 主要起到外模板作用; 在甲醇与水的混合溶剂中, 树形分子则同时起到了内模板和外模板作用.     

高分子模板对CdS量子点制备及其光催化性能的影响

分别以球形聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子和线形聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)两种结构不同的高分子为模板, 原位制备了分散良好的CdS量子点(CdS QDs), 并以甲基橙为降解对象, 研究了高分子模板结构对CdS量子点的制备和光催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 以PAMAM 树形分子为模板制备的CdS量子点(CdS QDs/PAMAM)比以PVP为模板制备的CdS量子点(CdS QDs/PVP)的尺寸分布更窄, 激子吸收峰更明显, 光致发光(PL)强度更高|并且在量子点尺寸接近的情况下, CdS QDs/PAMAM的催化效率明显高于CdS QDs/PVP. 这是由于PAMAM树形分子独特的结构有利于生成尺寸均匀的CdS量子点, 且不易钝化量子点表面的活性位点|而线性的PVP分子量分布较宽, 使制备的量子点的尺寸分布较宽, 且PVP分子链缠绕在CdS量子点表面, 钝化了部分活性位点, 降低催化效率. 此外, CdS QDs/PAMAM的催化能力随粒径减小而增大.     

低代端酯基PAMAM树形分子存在下银纳米颗粒的制备

在低代端酯基PAMAM树形分子(G1.5-COOCH₃)存在时，用氢气还原AgNO₃制备出银纳米颗粒。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)，电子衍射(ED)，紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对所制备的银纳米颗粒进行了表征。实验结果表明，当用氢气作为还原剂时，以低代树形分子为保护剂，通过优化还原条件，可成功制备尺寸稳定、均一的银纳米颗粒，其粒径为2.9±0.5 nm，且所制备的银纳米颗粒的粒径分布较窄。根据树形分子的理论尺寸与制备的银纳米颗粒的粒径关系，可推断出大多数的银纳米颗粒是由多个树形分子所包围而稳定存在。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.