Stresses and displacements for some Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves propagating on an anisotropic half space

Specific relations between mechanical displacements and stresses for Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves propagating on an anisotropic half space are demonstrated. For 16 symmetry configurations belonging to the orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal and cubic systems, involving only two displacement and stress components, it is shown that the ratio between the shear and normal stresses inside the propagation media is equal to the ratio between the normal and in-plane displacement components at the free surface. This result generalizes the previous one obtained in the case of an isotropic solid [W. Hassan and P. B. Nagy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 3107-3110 (1998)].     

Effect of a toroidal inhomogeneity of hydrogen influx on analysis of the particle balance in tokamak FT-1 experiments

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 658–662, October, 1991.     

A Rayleigh-type wave at the plane interface of two homogeneous fluid half-spaces

It is shown that at the plane interface of two homogeneous fluid semi-infinite media, of which one is an ordinary fluid and the other a double negative—i.e., a fluid with negative density and negative compressibility—there can exist a Rayleigh-type wave propagating without attenuation, whose amplitude exponentially decreases with distance on both sides of the interface. In the parameter space of the media, the range of its existence is determined and the main properties are studied. A unique feature of this wave is the arbitrarily small propagation velocity, which does not depend on frequency, and the energy concentration in an arbitrarily thin layer close to the interface.     

Nonergodicity mimics inhomogeneity in single particle tracking

Most statistical theories of anomalous diffusion rely on ensemble-averaged quantities such as the mean squared displacement. Single molecule tracking measurements require, however, temporal averaging. We contrast the two approaches in the case of continuous-time random walks with a power-law distribution of waiting times psi(t) proportional to t{-1-alpha}, with 0相似文献   

Effect of external power supply to a shock layer on the shock wave structure

A physical model that describes the structure of a 1D shock wave in a gas containing a moving heat source is put forward. A stationary equation for the profile of a shock wave in a gas with an arbitrary-shape heat source that is at rest relative to this wave is derived. Analytical solutions to this equation make it possible to analyze the flow pattern in the case of external power supply.     

Atomic displacements in the incommensurable charge-density wave in alpha-uranium

We present a detailed examination of the incommensurable charge-density wave (ICDW) in α-uranium below 43 K. We have measured the q vectors as a function of temperature and the structure factors of a large number of first-order satellites with neutron diffraction. From the structure factors the atomic displacements that occur at the onset of the CDW have been determined in all three independent crystallographic directions. Uniaxial stress up to 3.5 kbar has been applied along 2 directions but does not change the satellite intensities, thus leaving ambiguity whether the structure is single or multi q. We discuss the relationship between the present results and the observations of Smith et al.     

Effect of inhomogeneity on intermittent chaos in a coupled system

We will study the effect of inhomogeneity on intermittent properties of chaos in a two-coupled system. The power spectrum and the time average of a dynamical variable are numerically calculated. These quantities are analyzed phenomenologically with the help of various concepts developed in the equilibrium critical phenomena. A scaling law holds for the time average of the dynamical variable similarly as the magnetization under magnetic field in the critical magnetic system.     

Scattering of a Rayleigh surface acoustic wave by a small-size inhomogeneity in a solid half-space

We use the Born approximation of the perturbation method to solve the problem of scattering of a harmonic Rayleigh surface acoustic wave by a weak-contrast inhomogeneity that is small compared with the wavelength and is located in a solid half-space near its boundary. The material of the inhomogeneity differs from the material of the half-space only in its density. The Rayleigh wave incident on the inhomogeneity is excited by a monochromatic surface force source acting normally to the half-space boundary. We derive expressions for the displacement fields in the scattered spherical compressional and shear (SV- and SH-polarized) waves. Scattering of the Rayleigh wave into a Rayleigh wave is studied in detail. We find expressions for the vertical and horizontal components of the displacement vector in the scattered Rayleigh wave as well as its radiated power. It is shown that the field of the scattered surface wave is mainly formed by vertical oscillations of the inhomogeneity in the field of the incident wave. In this case, the radiated power for the scattered Rayleigh wave formed by vertical motion of the inhomogeneity in the incident-wave field depends on the depth of the inhomogeneity as the fourth power of the function describing the well-known depth dependence of the vertical displacements in the Rayleigh surface wave. Correspondingly, the dependence of the radiated power for the scattered Rayleigh wave formed by horizontal motion of the inhomogeneity depends on its location depth as the fourth power of the depth dependence of the horizontal displacements in the Rayleigh surface wave. We perform calculations of the ratio between the powers of the scattered and incident Rayleigh waves for different ratios between the velocities of the compressional and shear waves in a solid. It is shown that the radiated power for the scattered surface wave decreases sharply with increasing depth of the subsurface-inhomogeneity location. Thus, the scattering of a Rayleigh wave into a Rayleigh wave is fairly efficient only when the location depth of the inhomogeneity does not exceed about one-third of the wavelength of the shear wave in an elastic medium.     

Effect of twist inhomogeneity on soliton spin excitations in a helimagnet

The effect of twist inhomogeneity on the soliton spin excitations in a one-dimensional inhomogeneous helimagnet in the semiclassical limit is investigated by solving a generalised perturbed fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the continuum limit. A multiple scale perturbation analysis shows that the amplitude of the perturbed soliton depends on the nature of the inhomogeneity, but its velocity remains constant.     

Effect of thermal inhomogeneity on the performance of a Brownian heat engine

We explore the effect of thermal inhomogeneity on the performance of a Brownian heat engine by considering exactly solvable models. We first consider a Brownian heat engine which is modeled as a Brownian particle in a ratchet potential moving through a highly viscous medium driven by the thermal kick it receives from a linearly decreasing background temperature. We show that even though the energy transfer due to kinetic energy is neglected, Carnot efficiency cannot be achieved at quasistatic limit. At quasistatic limit, the efficiency for such a Brownian heat engine approaches the efficiency of endoreversible engine η = 1 ? √T _c /T _h [F.L. Curzon, B. Ahlborn, Am. J. Phys. 43, 22 (1975)]. Moreover, the dependence of the current, the efficiency and the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator on the model parameters is also explored via Brownian dynamic simulations and analytically. We show that such a Brownian heat engine has a higher performance when acting as a refrigerator than when operating as a device subjected to a piecewise constant temperature [M. Asfaw, M. Bekele, Eur. Phys. J. B 38, 457 (2004), M. Asfaw, M. Bekele, Physica A 384, 346 (2007)]. Furthermore, for a Brownian heat engine driven by a piecewise constant temperature, we show that systematic removal of the inhomogeneous medium leads to a homogeneous medium with a uniform temperature where the effect of temperature inhomogeneity is replaced by an effective load.