Light storage via slow-light four-wave mixing

We experimentally demonstrate a light storage via slow-light four-wave mixing in a solid-state medium with a four-level double lambda scheme. Using slow light based on electromagnetically induced transparency, we obtain a slowed four-wave mixing signal pulse together with the slowed probe pulse. During the propagation of light pulses, the storage and retrieval of both the slowed four-wave mixing pulse and the slowed probe pulse are studied by manipulating the intensities of the control fields.     

利用交叉相位调制和四波混频制作的时间透镜的仿真分析

利用高非线性光纤中的交叉相位调制和四波混频分别在仿真中实现了时间透镜. 对基于交叉相位调制的时间透镜中的高非线性光纤中的非线性过程进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明, 该时间透镜的主要影响因素为色散、自相位调制与四波混频; 通过采用带有一定色散斜率的高非线性光纤可同时消除色散、自相位调制和四波混频的影响; 另外, 该高非线性光纤的色散零点最好选在信号脉冲和抽运脉冲波长的中心附近. 然后对基于四波混频的时间透镜的实现进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明, 该时间透镜的主要影响因素为色散、 自相位调制和其他的四波混频; 通过设定合适大小的信号脉冲和抽运脉冲的功率可消除自相位调制和其他的四波混频的影响; 另外, 通过在高非线性光纤中引入一定的色散可进一步提高信号脉冲和抽运脉冲的功率, 从而获得更高功率的输出脉冲. 最后对两种时间透镜系统做出了比较. 关键词： 光脉冲压缩 时间透镜 交叉相位调制 四波混频     

Slow light with degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing

We report on a slowing down of light pulses using degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal. The delay and width of the output pulse for the amplified transmitted beam and for the phase-conjugated beam are studied as a function of the input pulse width. We demonstrate that the four-wave mixing process ensures a larger slowing down of short pulses compared to the photorefractive two-beam coupling scheme and guarantees the elimination of forerunners, which are among the principal drawbacks for slowing down of short pulses with two-beam coupling. The technique may be extended to slowing down of light with degenerate or nearly degenerate backward-wave four-wave mixing based on other types of nonlinearities.     

脉冲激励下超音速混合层涡结构的演化机理

采用大涡模拟方法对脉冲激励作用下的超音速混合层流场进行数值模拟,所得结果清晰展示了流场中涡结构的独特生长机理.基于涡核位置提取方法,对超音速混合层流场中涡结构的空间尺寸和瞬时对流速度等动态特性进行了定量计算.通过分析流场中涡结构的动态特性在不同频率脉冲激励下的变化,揭示出受脉冲激励超音速混合层流场中涡结构的演化机理:涡结构的生长不再是依靠相邻涡-涡结构之间的配对与融合,而是通过涡核外围的一串小涡旋结构被依次吸进涡核来实现,且受激励流场中各个涡结构的空间尺寸变化较小;流场中的涡结构数量与脉冲频率成正比例关系,而涡结构的空间尺寸与脉冲频率成反比例关系;涡结构的平均对流速度随脉冲频率的增大而减小.针对受脉冲激励超音速混合层,给出了能够表征涡结构特性与脉冲激励参数之间关系的方程式,即受激励流场中涡结构的平均对流速度与脉冲周期的乘积近似等于流场中涡结构的空间尺寸(涡结构平均直径).     

Cross-correlations between low-γ nuclei in solids via a common dipolar bath

Correlation of chemical shifts of low-γ nuclei (such as 15N) is an important method for assignment of resonances in uniformly-labeled biological solids. Under static experimental conditions, an efficient mixing of low-γ nuclear spin magnetization can be achieved by a thermal contact to the common reservoir of dipole-dipole interactions in order to create 15N-15N, 13C-13C, or 15N-13C cross-peaks in a 2D correlation spectrum. A thermodynamic approach can be used to understand the mechanism of magnetization mixing in various 2D correlation pulse sequences. This mechanism is suppressed under magic-angle spinning, when mixing via direct cross-polarization with protons becomes more efficient. Experimental results are presented for single-crystalline and powder samples of 15N-labeled N-acetyl-L-15N-valyl-L-15N-leucine (NAVL). In addition to the thermodynamic analysis of mixing pulse sequences, two different new mixing sequences utilizing adiabatic pulses are also experimentally demonstrated.     

Zero-additional-phase SPIDER: full characterization of visible and sub-20-fs ultraviolet pulses

We demonstrate a novel spectral-shearing interferometry setup for characterizing the temporal amplitude and phase of ultrashort optical pulses over an extremely wide wavelength region. By the mixing of two strongly chirped auxiliary pulses with the pulse to be characterized, two spectrally sheared replicas are generated, and their spectral interference is evaluated. We fully characterize 10-fs pulses in the visible region by sum-frequency mixing and 19-fs pulses in the ultraviolet region by difference-frequency mixing. The scheme is self-referencing and highly sensitive. The zero-additional-phase scheme does not alter the unknown pulses and yields the pulse shape at the interaction point of a spectroscopic experiment.     

Manipulation of supercontinuum generation by stimulated cascaded four-wave mixing in tapered fibers

Tailoring supercontinuum generation is important for a number of applications. Stimulated four-wave mixing in tapered optical fibers can lead to modified initial conditions for the evolution of supercontinua. We experimentally show that synchronizing a pump pulse with an additional signal pulse induces cascaded four-wave mixing components. The spectral evolution and the interaction with the pump wavelength are investigated in detail upon increasing pump power. Furthermore it will be shown that four-wave mixing components provide the initiation for an altered shape of the spectral fiber output when soliton dynamics are involved. We finally demonstrate the altered evolution in a synchronized feedback configuration. This work can lead to a control over specific spectral components of supercontinua. PACS  42.81.-i; 42.25.Kb     

Experimental analysis of phase conjugation properties of four-wave mixing in an SOA after probe broadening due to fibre dispersion

Experimental results are presented which analyze the phase conjugation properties of four-wave mixing signals generated due to the beating between probe pulses broadened by a length of fibre and narrow pump pulses. This results in four-wave mixing pulses significantly narrower than the injected probe pulses albeit with reduced phase conjugation properties, which are examined. The pulses are completely characterized using the second-harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating technique. The probe pulse is initially broadened due to propagation through 40 m of dispersion compensating fibre. This causes the probe pulse to be much wider than the injected pump pulse, in contrast to previously reported results. The four-wave mixing signal is therefore both wavelength converted and compressed, due to the gating properties of four-wave mixing, with respect to the initial probe signal. The phase conjugation properties of the converted signal are discussed and this signal is then passed through a second length of dispersion compensating fibre in order to further compress the pulse and to examine in more detail the phase conjugation properties.     

Four wave mixing in the picosecond range: Intensities,durations, wave front reconstruction

Degenerate four wave mixing is produced by the single pulse of a mode locked laser (duration 25 ps). The intensities are measured. The feasibility of image reconstruction is proved, and methods for time measurements (pulse durations, relaxation times) are proposed.     

在固体透明材料中利用级联四波混频方法获得宽带多色飞秒激光脉冲的研究

飞秒激光光谱学实验研究的深入与拓展对飞秒激光脉冲的要求也越来越高.比如多色抽运探测实验需要同时用到多个不同频率的超短飞秒激光脉冲.本文设计了一个更加简单紧凑的实验装置,对两束不同中心频率的入射光引入相反啁啾,在厚度为0.5 mm的CaF2晶体中利用级联四波混频获得了光谱半高全宽近100nm,支持傅里叶转换极限脉宽小于10 fs的多色飞秒激光脉冲.这一结果将为拓展飞秒激光光谱学研究和应用发挥重要作用.     

Characterize and optimize the four-wave mixing in dual-interferometer coupled silicon microrings

By designing and fabricating a series of dual-interferometer coupled silicon microrings, the coupling condition of the pump, signal, and idler beams can be engineered independently and then we carried out both the continuous-wave and pulse pumped four-wave mixing experiments to verify the dependence of conversion efficiency on the coupling conditions of the four interacting beams, respectively. Under the continuous-wave pump, the four-wave mixing efficiency gets maximized when both the pump and signal/idler beams are closely operated at the critical coupling point, while for the pulse pump case, the efficiency can be enhanced greatly when the pump and converted idler beams are all overcoupled. These experiment results agree well with our theoretical calculations. Our design provides a platform for explicitly characterizing the four-wave mixing under different pumping conditions, and offers a method to optimize the four-wave mixing, which will facilitate the development of on-chip all-optical signal processing with a higher efficiency or reduced pump power.     

Generation of a sub-20-fs single optical pulse by four-wave Raman mixing using two Raman cells filled with molecular hydrogen

To attempt to expand the spectral domain for pulse shortening, we generated several emission lines by stimulated Raman scattering and subsequent four-wave Raman mixing. The efficiency of generation of the Raman emission was improved by passing the beam through two Raman cells that were connected in series. The group-velocity dispersion induced by a Raman cell window and hydrogen was compensated for by means of a pair of chirped mirrors for pulse compression. By a phase lock of the emission lines in the process of four-wave Raman mixing, the pulse width was reduced from 114 to 17 fs in the second Raman cell.     

正常色散平坦光纤中皮秒抽运脉冲超连续谱的形成研究

研究了皮秒抽运脉冲在正常色散平坦光纤中超连续谱的形成过程，分析了脉冲演化过程中光波分裂的产生及其所显示的四波混频对超连续谱特性的影响.结果表明：脉冲初期光谱展宽由自相位调制效应主导，此后由于光谱中心区域能量在色散作用下不断向旁瓣转移，自相位调制效应逐渐减弱而四波混频作用增强，光谱会再度显著展宽.超连续谱的噪声特性与光谱演化状态密切相关，是光谱特征结构对抽运脉冲强度噪声响应的动态表征. 关键词： 正常色散平坦光纤 自相位调制 四波混频 超连续谱     

Time-optimal coherence-order-selective transfer of in-phase coherence in heteronuclear IS spin systems

Based on principles of geometric optimal control theory, coherence transfer building blocks can be derived which achieve optimal sensitivity. Here, experimental pulse sequences are presented that achieve the best possible coherence-order-selective in-phase transfer (S(-)-->I(-)) for a heteronuclear 2-spin system for any given mixing time in the absence of relaxation. For short mixing times, the optimal experiment improves the sensitivity of isotropic mixing by up to 12.5%.     

基于制冷机的高温超导谐波混频

我们分别选用了小型脉冲管制冷机以及小型G-M制冷机设计了高温超导混频测量系统,对亚毫米波段谐波混频进行了实验研究.采取了一些抑制系统噪声的措施后,在脉冲管制冷机上我们成功实现了100GHz混频,最高谐波次数达60次,在G-M制冷机上我们实现了300GHz混频,最高谐波次数达100次.     

Numerical analysis of four-wave mixing between picosecond mode-locked laser pulses in a tensile-strained bulk SOA

A numerical model of four-wave mixing between picosecond pulses in a tensile-strained bulk semiconductor optical amplifier is presented. The model utilizes a modified Schrödinger equation to model pulse propagation. The Schrödinger equation parameters such as the material gain first and second order dispersion, linewidth enhancement factors and optical loss coefficient were obtained using a previously developed steady-state model. The predicted four-wave mixing pulse characteristics show reasonably good agreement with experimental pulse characteristics obtained using Frequency Resolved Optical Gating. In particular simulations predict a large increase in the pulse pedestals of the FWM converted pulse, which is verified by experiment.     

光参量振荡器的模型仿真

在傍轴近似条件下建立了OPO的数学模型,通过引入三波混频中时间与空间关系,采用分步傅里叶算法模拟了纳秒级脉冲和连续光波在谐振腔内的三波混频过程。理论模型中考虑了不同频率光波之间的色散关系,可以在高转换效率情况下分析不同泵浦脉冲功率、脉冲时长、腔镜透反射比以及不同种子光输入等情况下的输出波形、功率以及OPO阈值等特性。实验中采用掺杂MgO的周期性极化铌酸锂晶体（MgO∶PPLN）为非线性介质,在输入1.06 m泵浦激光脉冲能量为0.4 mJ时,产生3.8 m闲频光超过0.07 mJ输出,与数值模拟结果0.08 mJ较为符合。     

色散位移光纤中的四波混频现象的实验研究

采用不同波长和类型的光源作为入射光信号,对色散位移光纤中的四波混频进行了实验研究。实验比较了不同色散位移光纤链组合时产生的四波混频信号的大小,研究表明,为了减小四波混频,应该在每一放大器间距内将零色散点波长距信号光波长较远的光纤铺在最接近掺铒光纤放大器处,而零色散点波长距信号光波长较近的光纤应该远离掺铒光纤放大器。对实验中的各种现象进行了理论分析,提出了一些减小四波混频的有益建议,实验结果和理论分析基本一致。     

Ultrashort optical pulse monitoring using asynchronous optical sampling technique in highly nonlinear fiber

An asynchronous optical sampling scheme based on four-wave mixing （FWM） in highly nonlinear fiber （HNLF） is experimentally demonstrated. Based on this scheme, 10-GHz input pulse train with 1.8-ps pulse width is successfully sampled in 100-m HNLF. A single pulse at 10 GHz with 2.3-ps pulse width is rebuilt by using a 50-MHz frequency tunable free-running fiber laser as the sampling pulse source （SPS）. 40-GHz pulse train is used as the input signal. The rebuilt waveforms, together with the low-jitter eye diagram, are also presented.     

实用高温超导混频器3mm锁相稳频源

基于小型脉冲管制冷机,设计并改善了与其配套的锁相混频系统,用约瑟夫森颗粒边界结实现了高温超导3mm波段96次谐波混频,完成了60次谐波下压控振荡器的锁相稳频实验.首次实现了基于小型脉冲管制冷机的实用高温超导混频器3mm锁相稳频源.