Effect of the vanadium substitution on the magnetic properties of cobalt doped yttrium-gadolinium iron garnets

Polycrystalline samples of vanadium substituted yttrium-gadolinium iron garnets slightly doped with divalent cobalt were investigated. In this paper we report experimental results on the initial permeability at 10 kHz, coercive force, effective gyromagnetic factor and resonance linewidth at X-band. We show that the magnetic properties observed in this system depend for the most part, on the degree of vanadium substitution. A mechanism of magnetocrystalline anisotropy compensation has been observed in the series of samples which have a low vanadium concentration. The main result is that, in these series, there is a certain amount of cobalt for which the ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth presents a minimal value. This report completes a previous one on the same topic.     

High-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance in magnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We analyze the high-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption in a weakly anisotropic Heisenberg magnet having two distinct types of anisotropy, represented, respectively, by a symmetric term and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) term. Contrary to the widespread opinion that the latter is responsible for the excessive linewidth observed in the EPR spectra of many oxides, we prove that its contribution to the linewidth is only of the same level as that of the symmetric anisotropy. This gives a solution to the long-standing controversial problem of the high-temperature magnetic relaxation in quantum-spin systems with the DM interaction.     

Plasmon dispersion and intersubband resonance at high wavevectors in Si(100) inversion layers

Deviations from the classical two-dimensional plasmon dispersion are observed at high wavevectors q in electron inversion layers on Si(100) MOS-capacitors with periodically structured gate electrodes. For high inversion electron densities (n_s> 6 × 10¹²cm^?2) an unexpected mass enhancement is extracted from the plasmon dispersion. In addition the plasmon linewidth is found to be significantly larger than predicted from transport experiments. On the same samples non-vertical intersubband resonance transitions are observed with radiation incident normal to the interface. They are excited by an electric field component normal to the surface that is induced by the structured gate electrode.     

The influence of surface anisotropy on FMR in bulk metal ferromagnets

The subject of this work is an investigation of the effects of surface anisotropy in ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in bulk metal samples. The surface anisotropy (with arbitrary values of the constantK _s) is included in the equations of the macroscopic theory of FMR in the so called parallel experimental configuration. Its influence on the inflexion linewidth and on the resonance field correction is illustrated graphically for a typical value of the exchange-conductivity parameterE. It is also shown that experimental determination of the resonance parameters for samples with different surface orientations enables one to decide whether the Néel anisotropy dominates in the surface conditions.     

YIG和BCVIG中铁磁共振线宽各向异性的可能起因

由于磁弹耦合,应力等效为各向异性场并对磁化强度分布发生影响。借助这一机制阐明了机械抛光的YIG和BCVIG单晶球铁磁共振线宽的各向异性行为,指明机械抛光造成的表面损伤层引起的应力通过磁致伸缩的各向异性使弛豫时间各方向不同,即产生了线宽的各向异性。若损伤层主要由位错组成,按微磁学理论和双磁振子散射模型可得到位错密度、磁致伸缩、磁化强度等与线宽的关系。从测量到的线宽各向异性估算了3μm抛光的YIG的表面层位错密度为5.4×10¹⁰/cm²。该弛豫机制表明,进一步降低多晶小线宽材料的线宽,减小磁致伸缩系数可能是有效途径。 关键词：     

Electron-phonon interaction and cyclotron resonance in two-dimensional electron gas

Results for the influence of electron-phonon interaction on the cyclotron effective mass and the resonance linewidth in a two-dimensional electron gas are presented. The temperature and magnetic field dependence is studied and the existence of quantum oscillations is demonstrated. It is shown that the relevant phonon frequency in typical MOS inversion layers is very small so that magneto-transport properties are temperature dependent even at a few degrees Kelvin. Results are consistent with the observed temperature, magnetic field and frequency dependence in Si(100) inversion layers.     

Effect of dispersion of orthorhombic anisotropy fields on the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in iron garnet films

The effect of the dispersion of anisotropy fields on the width of the ferromagnetic resonance line is calculated in films with orthorhombic anisotropy. The results of the calculation, based on a model of linear variation of the anisotropy fields with thickness and on the assumption of additivity of the different contributions to the resulting linewidth, are in good agreement with experimental results. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 131–134 (August 1997)     

Pulse inversion ultrasound modulated optical tomography

Pulse inversion acoustic imaging is useful as it allows second harmonic imaging to be obtained with short acoustic pulses. This allows high axial resolution, but removes any overlap in the frequency spectra of fundamental and harmonic. We demonstrate pulse inversion ultrasound modulated optical tomography using an optical speckle based detection method. Inverted and non-inverted acoustic pulses combined with synchronized strobed illumination are applied to an optically scattering medium. Over the acquisition time of a camera, multiple pulses are summed and at the next frame the phase of the ultrasound is shifted by π/2 and the process repeated. Combining the two frames allows a second harmonic signal to be obtained. A reduction in linewidth is observed (DC=9.26 mm, fundamental=4.02 mm, second harmonic=2.43 mm) in line scans of optically absorbing objects embedded in a scattering medium (thickness=16 mm, scattering coefficient=2.3 mm(-1), anisotropy factor=0.938).     

Unconventional anisotropic superexchange in alpha'-NaV2O5

The strong line broadening observed in electron spin resonance on NaV2O5 is found to originate from an unusual type of the symmetric anisotropic exchange interaction with simultaneous spin-orbit coupling on both sites. The microscopically derived anisotropic exchange constant is almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than the one obtained from conventional estimations. Based on this result we systematically evaluate the anisotropy of the ESR linewidth in terms of the symmetric anisotropic exchange only, and we find microscopic evidence for precursor effects of the charge ordering already below 150 K.     

Magnetic and EPR studies of the EuFe<Subscript>3</Subscript>(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript> single crystal

Magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties of EuFe₃(BO₃)₄ single crystals have been studied over the temperature range of 300–4.2 K and in a magnetic field up to 5 T. The temperature, field and orientation dependences of susceptibility, magnetization and EPR spectra are presented. An antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe subsystem occurs at about 37 K. The easy direction of magnetization perpendicular to the c axis is determined by magnetic measurements. Below 10 K, we observe an increase of susceptibility connected with the polarization of the Eu sublattice by an effective exchange field of the ordered Fe magnetic subsystem. In a magnetic field perpendicular to the c axis, we have observed an increase of magnetization at T < 10 K in the applied magnetic field, which can be attributed to the appearance of the magnetic moment induced by the magnetic field applied in the basal plane. According to EPR measurements, the distance between the maximum and minimum of derivative of absorption line of the Lorentz type is equal to 319 Gs. The anisotropy of g-factor and linewidth is due to the influence of crystalline field of trigonal symmetry. The peculiarities of temperature dependence of both intensity and linewidth are caused by the influence of excited states of europium ion (Eu³⁺). It is supposed that the difference between the g-factors from EPR and the magnetic measurements is caused by exchange interaction between rare earth and Fe subsystems via anomalous Zeeman effect.     

Angular and NiFe thickness dependence of exchange bias in IrMn/NiFe/IrMn thin film

Exchange biased IrMn/NiFe/IrMn thin films were studied as a function of NiFe thickness. In plane angular dependence of a resonance field distribution which is measured by FMR was analyzed as a combined effect of an unidirectional anisotropy and an uniaxial anisotropy. The unidirectional anisotropic field and the uniaxial anisotropic field were linearly varied with NiFe thickness while the films with a thicker NiFe layer do not follow the linear variation. Resonance field and linewidth variations were also analysed with NiFe thickness.     

The ESR study of single crystal spinel ZnCr2Se4 diluted with Sb and V

The single crystal of Sb³⁺ and V³⁺ doped zinc chromium selenide spinel ZnCr₂Se₄ were prepared by a chemical transport method and characterized by ESR spectroscopy in order to examine the effect of nonmagnetic antimony and magnetic vanadium on properties of the system. For antimony admixtures the Neel temperature is very similar to that of the parent spinel ZnCr₂Se₄ (22 K). However, upon incorporating vanadium ions, the T_N temperature decreases down to 17.5 K, determined for the maximum vanadium content (x=0.06). The temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth over paramagnetic region is interpreted by an occurrence of spin-phonon interaction. The strong broadening linewidth together with its strong temperature dependence for vanadium doped ZnCr₂Se₄ is explained by the complex paramagnetic relaxation model.     

横向各向同性地层快速各向异性反演方法

斯通利波的频散特性常用于反演横向各向同性地层的各向异性。该文重点对斯通利波频散曲线随井孔和地层弹性模量相关参数的变化规律进行了探讨,提出了频散曲线的快速插值计算方法,经过误差分析验证了插值频散计算的可行性。据此提出了通过对参数大间隔取值建立理论频散数值表,插值计算不同各向异性参数的频散曲线,对比波形频散快速反演横向各向同性地层各向异性的方法。基于实轴积分法计算的横向各向同性地层井孔声场分别进行了插值频散快速反演和传统方法反演,对比结果证实了该文提出的快速反演方法的准确高效性,并且对数据加噪后验证了快速反演方法的抗噪性。     

Exact results for the dynamics of the classical one dimensional easy plane ferromagnet at low temperatures

The in-plane and out-of-plane dynamical correlation functions for the classical one dimensional easy plane ferromagnet are calculated asymptotically exactly at low temperatures. The results are restricted to temperatures much below the crossover temperature at which spins begin aligning in the plane. The long wavelength behavior of the in-plane fluctuations is consistent with dynamical scaling, in contrast to the isotropic case, and agrees with the results of Villain and of Nelson and Fisher. The linewidths for the in-plane fluctuations at short wavelengths are calculated exactly, and approach those of the isotropic model for small anisotropy. The theory of Villain, the theory of Cieplak and Sjolander, and the simulations of Loveluck, Jauslin, Schneider and Stoll all give incorrect results for these linewidths. The out of plane linewidths show an anomalous temperature dependence due to a singularity in the three spin wave density of states that is characteristic of one dimensional systems. The linewidth is proportional toT ² lnT except at the wavevector for which the second derivative of the spin wave frequency with respect to wavevector vanishes (/2 for CsNiF₃) where the linewidth is proportional toT ^5/3. The linewidth has a strong discontinuity as the wavevector increases as a result of a catastrophe occurring in the calculation of the three spin wave density of states. The position and strength of the discontinuity are temperature dependent. The diffusion coefficient is logarithmically dependent on the anisotropy, and diverges as (T ² lnD)^–1, which is consistent with the (lnT)^–1 behavior predicted for the isotropic ferromagnet in earlier work. The results are derived for the case of single ion anisotropy, using a spin wave theory for static correlations and the spin current damping function, and can be readily extended to the case of anisotropic exchange.     

驱动场相位扩散对三能级梯型系统无反转激光的影响

在旋波、慢变振幅近似下,求解考虑了驱动场相位扩散后的系统密度矩阵运动方程,并给出了这个三能级梯型系统稳态线性解析解.利用得到的稳态线性解析解分析驱动场相位扩散是如何影响该系统输出无反转激光的.对稳态线性解析解数值计算的结果显示:由于驱动场相位扩散会导致无反转激光增益减小;即使由于驱动场相位扩散引起的线宽足够大,在该系统中仍能够获得无反转激光;线宽往往是破坏无反转激光产生和折射率的提高;因驱动场相位扩散导致无反转激光增益的减小,并不是总能够通过增大驱动场的Rabi频率得到补偿.     

Frequency-modulated stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy in LiTaO3

By using a high-precision FM Brillouin spectrometer with the spectral resolution of 20 kHz, we have succeeded in determining the Brillouin linewidth of single-crystal LiTaO(3). The large directional anisotropy for the attenuation rate of the longitudinal elastic wave and the extremely narrow Brillouin linewidth of 1.60 MHz have been observed at room temperature.     

Disintegration of a coarse-grained vanadium monoxide VO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis></Subscript> powder

A coarse-grained powder of nonstoichiometric cubic vanadium monoxide VO _y is disintegrated in a Retch PM 200 planetary ball mill. Milling of the coarse-grained vanadium monoxide powder VO _y at a rate of rotation of 500 rpm for 2 h significantly broadens diffraction lines, and the crystal structure of vanadium monoxide VO_1.00 after milling remains the same. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of the microstructure of vanadium monoxide demonstrate that high-energy milling can produce vanadium monoxide powders with an average crystallite size of 23 ± 10 nm. The vanadium monoxide produced by milling has a crystallite size that is half the crystallite size in the titanium monoxide produced by severe plastic deformation.     

Role of antisymmetric exchange in selecting magnetic chirality in Ba3NbFe3Si2O14

We present an electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of the acentric Ba(3)NbFe(3)Si(2)O(14), featuring a unique single-domain double-chiral magnetic ground state. Combining simulations of the ESR linewidth anisotropy and the antiferromagnetic-resonance modes allows us to single out the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction as the leading magnetic anisotropy term. We demonstrate that the rather minute out-of-plane DM component d(c)=45 mK is responsible for selecting a unique ground state, which endures thermal fluctuations up to astonishingly high temperatures.     

Absorption linewidth inversion with wavelength modulation spectroscopy

For absorption linewidth inversion with wavelength modulation spectroscopy(WMS), an optimized WMS spectral line fitting method was demonstrated to infer absorption linewidth effectively, and the analytical expressions for relationships between Lorentzian linewidth and the separations of first harmonic peak-to-valley and second harmonic zero-crossing were deduced. The transition of CO_2 centered at 4991.25 cm~(-1) was used to verify the optimized spectral fitting method and the analytical expressions. Results showed that the optimized spectra fitting method was able to infer absorption accurately and compute more than 10 times faster than the commonly used numerical fitting procedure. The second harmonic zero-crossing separation method calculated an even 6 orders faster than the spectra fitting without losing any accuracy for Lorentzian dominated cases. Additionally, linewidth calculated through second harmonic zero-crossing was preferred for much smaller error than the first harmonic peak-to-valley separation method. The presented analytical expressions can also be used in on-line optical sensing applications, electron paramagnetic resonance, and further theoretical characterization of absorption lineshape.     

Phase inversion in two-phase solid systems driven by an elastic modulus mismatch

We have used phase field simulations to study elastic stress-driven phase inversion in which an initial microstructure with a minority phase embedded in a majority phase evolves to one in which the latter becomes embedded in the former. Such phase inversion is possible if the majority phase is elastically stiffer than the minority phase. For a given set of parameters (volume fraction and elastic moduli of the phases), phase inversion occurs at a characteristic microstructural length-scale (? ^c ). Our results show that ? ^c is lower for systems with larger mismatch in elastic moduli, and (to a smaller extent) in those with greater elastic anisotropy.