On a Problem of D. H. Lehmer and General Kloosterman Sums

Abstract Let q ≥ 3 be an odd number, a be any fixed positive integer with (a, q) = 1. For each integer b with 1 ≤ b < q and (b, q) = 1, it is clear that there exists one and only one c with 0 < c < q such that bc ≡ a (mod q). Let N(a, q) denote the number of all solutions of the congruent equation bc ≡ a (mod q) for 1 ≤ b, c < q in which b and c are of opposite parity, and let . The main purpose of this paper is to study the distribution properties of E(a, q), and give a sharper hybrid mean-value formula involving E(a, q) and general Kloosterman sums. This work is supported by the NSF and the PSF of P. R. China     

On the generalization of the D. H. Lehmer problem

Let n ≥ 2 be a fixed positive integer, q ≥ 3 and c be two integers with （n, q） = （c, q） = 1. We denote by rn（51, 52, C; q） （δ 〈 δ1,δ2≤ 1） the number of all pairs of integers a, b satisfying ab ≡ c（mod q）, 1 〈 a ≤δ1q, 1 ≤ b≤δ2q, （a,q） = （b,q） = 1 and nt（a＋b）. The main purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic properties of rn （δ1, δ2, c; q）, and give a sharp asymptotic formula for it.     

High-dimensional D. H. Lehmer problem over short intervals

Letk be a positive integer and n a nonnegative integer,0 λ1,...,λk+1 ≤ 1 be real numbers and w =(λ1,λ2,...,λk+1).Let q ≥ max{[1/λi ]:1 ≤ i ≤ k + 1} be a positive integer,and a an integer coprime to q.Denote by N(a,k,w,q,n) the 2n-th moment of(b1··· bk c) with b1··· bk c ≡ a(mod q),1 ≤ bi≤λiq(i = 1,...,k),1 ≤ c ≤λk+1 q and 2(b1+ ··· + bk + c).We first use the properties of trigonometric sum and the estimates of n-dimensional Kloosterman sum to give an interesting asymptotic formula for N(a,k,w,q,n),which generalized the result of Zhang.Then we use the properties of character sum and the estimates of Dirichlet L-function to sharpen the result of N(a,k,w,q,n) in the case ofw =(1/2,1/2,...,1/2) and n = 0.In order to show our result is close to the best possible,the mean-square value of N(a,k,q) φk(q)/2k+2and the mean value weighted by the high-dimensional Cochrane sum are studied too.     

关于D.H.Lehmer问题与超级Kloosterman和

设整数q>2,c与q互素．对于1到q之间与q互素的任意整数a,在1到q之间存在唯一的整数b满足ab≡c mod q．对任意整数k≥2,定义M(q,k,c)为满足1≤ai≤q, (ai,q)=1,i=1,2,…,k,a1a2…ak≡c mod q且2 a1 a2 … ak的正整数组(a1,a2,…,ak)的数目,并设E(q,k,c)=M(q,k,c)-(φk-1(q))/2．本文的主要目的是利用Gauss和与原特征的性质,以及Dirichlet L-函数的均值定理,来研究E(q,k,c)与超级Kloosterman和K(h,k,q)的混合均值,并给出一个均值公式．     

Lehmer问题的两个推广

设素数P>2,整数C与P互素．对任意整数1≤a≤P-1,存在惟一的整数 1≤b≤P-1满足ab≡c mod P．Lehmer建议我们研究a与b的奇偶性不同的情形．本文给出了这一问题的两个推广,并获得了两个有趣的混合均值公式．     

A problem of D. H. Lehmer and its mean value

Let p be an odd prime and let a be an integer coprime to p. Denote by N (a, p) the number of pairs of integers b, c with bc ≡ a (mod p), 1 ≤ b, c < p and with b, c having different parity. The main purpose of this paper is to deduce an asymptotic formula for (N (2^sad, p) – 1/2 (p – 1)), and obtain some interesting results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On a problem of D.H. Lehmer over short intervals

Let p be an odd prime and a be an integer coprime to p. Denote by N(a,p) the number of pairs of integers b,c with bc≡a (mod p), and with b,c having different parity. The main purpose of this paper is to study the sum , and obtain a sharp asymptotic formula.     

On a Problem of D. H. Lehmer

The main purpose of this paper is to use the Fourier expansion for character sums and the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions to study the asymptotic property of the difference between a D. H. Lehmer number and its inverse modulo p （an odd prime）, A interesting mean square value formula is also given.     

On a Problem of D. H. Lehmer and Kloosterman Sums

Let q3 be an odd number, a be any fixed positive integer with (a, q)=1. For each integer b with 1b<q and (b, q)=1, it is clear that there exists one and only one c with 0<c<q such that bca (mod q). Let N(a, q) denote the number of all solutions of the congruent equation bca (mod q) for 1b, c<q in which b and c are of opposite parity, and let . The main purpose of this paper is to study the distribution properties of E(a, q), and to give a sharper hybrid mean value formula involving E(a, q) and Kloosterman sums.Received January 24, 2002; in revised form August 12, 2002 Published online February 28, 2003     

Kloosterman和的角度

有限域 Ｆｑ（ｑ为奇）上的 Ｋｌｏｏｓｔｅｒｍａｎ和是两个模为 ｑ１／２的共轭复数之和．这个复数的角度就称为相应的Ｋｌｏｏｓｔｅｒｍａｎ和的角度．我们在本文给出了Ｋｌｏｏｓｔｅｒｍａｎ和的角度的一些结果,改进了Ｋａｔｚ Ｎ．［１］的一些结果,也改进和推广了Ｃｏｎｒｅｙ　Ｊ．和Ｉｗａｎｉｅ Ｈ．［２］的结果．     

Mean Value of Kloosterman Sums over Short Intervals

This paper is concerned with a kind of mean value problem of Kloosterman sums, which will lead to a sum of Kloosterman sums over short intervals.     

A problem of D.H. Lehmer and its mean square value formula

Let q be an odd positive integer and let a be an integer coprime to q. For each integer b coprime to q with 1?b<q, there is a unique integer c coprime to q with 1?c<q such that . Let N(a,q) denote the number of solutions of the congruence equation with 1?b,c<q such that b,c are of opposite parity. The main purpose of this paper is to use the properties of Dedekind sums, the properties of Cochrane sums and the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions to study the asymptotic property of the mean square value , and give a sharp asymptotic formula.     

广义高阶Bernoulli数,Gauss和及广义Kloosterman和(英文)

利用广义高阶Bernoulli数的性质及Dirichlet L-函数的均值定理,研究了Gauss和及广义Kloosterman和与广义高阶Bernoulli数的均值性质,并给出两个有趣的渐近公式.     

A note on the Lehmer problem over short intervals

Let p be an odd prime, c be an integer with (c, p) = 1, and let N be a positive integer with N ≤ p − 1. Denote by r(N, c; p) the number of integers a satisfying 1 ≤ a ≤ N and 2 ∤ a + ā, where ā is an integer with 1 ≤ ā ≤ p − 1, aā ≡ c (mod p). It is well known that r(N, c; p) = 1/2N + O(p ^1/2log² p). The main purpose of this paper is to give an asymptotic formula for Σ _c=1 ^p−1(r(N, c; p) − 1/2N)².     

Twisted higher moments of Kloosterman sums

Let be a nontrivial Dirichlet character modulo an odd prime . Write

We shall prove

and, for complex ,

0, \end{displaymath}">

where is a constant depending only on .

     

Gauss和与广义Kloosterman和的几个新的恒等式

主要应用Gauss和的性质和解析方法来研究Gauss和与广义Kloosterman和之间的关系,并且给出了几个有趣的恒等式.     

Kloosterman sum identities and low-weight codewords in a cyclic code with two zeros

We apply relations of n-dimensional Kloosterman sums to exponential sums over finite fields to count the number of low-weight codewords in a cyclic code with two zeros. As a corollary we obtain a new proof for a result of Carlitz which relates one- and two-dimensional Kloosterman sums. In addition, we count some power sums of Kloosterman sums over certain subfields.     

On a problem of D.H. Lehmer and pseudorandom binary sequences

Let p be an odd prime, and f(x), g(x) ∈ [x]. Define

三次高斯和与Kloosterman和的线性递推公式

应用三角和方法以及高斯和的若干性质,研究三次高斯和与Kloosterman和的一类高次混合均值的计算问题,本文给出该混合均值的一个有趣的线性递推公式.同时,还应用该递推公式,得到三次高斯和与Kloosterman和的高次混合均值的一系列较强的渐近公式.