Self,nitrogen and oxygen broadening of the 115-GHz line of carbon monoxide

Self nitrogen, oxygen and air-broadened half-widths of the 115-GHz line of CO have been measured at various temperatures between 293 K (room temperature) and 220 K. The temperature dependence of the broadening parameter CCO-XW is described by a power law CCO-XW (T) = CCO-XW(293 K)(T/293)-n co-x. The values of CCOW (293 K) and nCO-X are presented for each broadening gas X, X - CO, N2 and O2. The usual relation CCO-airW (T) = 0.78CCO−N2W(T) + 0.21CCO−O2 W(T) is found to be valid in the temperature and pressure ranges of the present experiments.     

A photoemission and thermal desorption study of carbon monoxide and oxygen adsorbed on platinum

We have studied the changes in the photoelectron spectra of platinum (for photon energies of 21.2 and ? 10.2 eV), in conjunction with thermal desorption experiments, for coverages of carbon monoxide and oxygen of up to ~0.25 monolayer (saturation coverage at room temperature). Based on a comparison of the photoemission and thermal desorption results, we suggest that the less tightly bound of the two adsorption states observed in the thermal desorption data is due to adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. We further suggest that a relatively delocalized chemisorption bond plays an important role in this interaction.     

Interaction of oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen with (001) and (110) faces of molybdenum

A combination of low-energy electron diffraction and retarding potential measurements was employed to study gaseous adsorption on atomically clean (001) and (110) Mo single crystal surfaces. Adsorption of oxygen on the (001) surface at room temperature occurred with a sticking coefficient close to unity and produced a large increase in work function and appreciable changes in the intensity distributions of the integral order diffraction beams, without the appearance of any new diffraction beams. These results indicate that a surface monolayer of oxygen was formed with a unit mesh having the same dimensions as that of the underlying molybdenum surface. Exposures above 6 × 10⁻³ Torr-sec produced a uniform decrease in intensities, thus indicating a second monolayer with amorphous structure. On heating, two additional surface structures were observed, characterized by one-half and one-third order beams, respectively. A clean surface was obtained by heating above 1100 °C. An exposure of 1 to 7 × 10⁻⁷ Torr-sec of oxygen for the (110) face resulted in two types of patterns characteristic of lattices with one-quarter and one-half the surface density of the (110) Mo face, with an increased work function accompanying the latter pattern. Exposure of the clean surface at 400 to 800 °C produced similar patterns of enhanced intensities with no increase in work function. Possible models are discussed. It is concluded that place exchange models account for these results, as well as the one-half and one-third order structures on the (001) face, in a more satisfactory manner than adsorption above the surface. An exposure to 10⁻⁵ Torr-sec produced a monolayer coverage with a unit mesh similar to that of the molybdenum substrate. Additional exposure resulted in further amorphous adsorption. Adsorption of CO produced changes in the intensity distributions, with the appearance of no new maxima, for both (001) and (110) Mo surfaces. Nitrogen, at an exposure of 3 × 10⁻³ Torr-min did not adsorb on either the (001) or (110) Mo surface, but when dissociated by electron impact it adsorbed on both Mo surfaces with the same dimensions of unit mesh as those of the Mo substrates and with an increase in work function of 1.05 eV for the (001) and 0.05 eV for the (110) surface.     

Adsorption of carbon monoxide,oxygen, hydrogen,nitrogen, ethylene and benzene on an iridium (110) surface; Correlation with other iridium crystal faces

The interaction of CO, O₂, H₂, N₂, C₂H₄ and C₆H₆ with an Ir(110) surface has been studied using LEED, Auger electron spectroscopy and flash desorption mass spectroscopy. Adsorption of oxygen at 30°C produces a (1× 2) structure, while a c(2 × 2) structure is formed at 400°C. Two peaks have been detected in the thermal desorption spectrum of oxygen following adsorption at 30°C. The heat of adsorption of hydrogen is slightly higher on Ir(110) than on Ir(111). Adsorption of carbon monoxide at 30°C produces a (2 × 1) surface structure. The main CO desorption peak is found around 230, while two other desorption peaks are observed around 340 and 160°C. At exposures between 250 and 500°C carbon monoxide adsorption yields a c(2 × 2) structure and a desorption peak around 600°C. Carbon monoxide is adsorbed on an Ir(110) surface partly covered with oxygen or carbon in a new binding state with a significantly higher desorption temperature than on the clean surface. Adsorption of nitrogen could not be detected on either clean or on carbon covered Ir(110) surfaces. The hydrocarbon molecules do not form ordered surface structures on Ir(110). The thermal desorption spectra obtained after adsorption of C₆H₆ or C₂H₄ are similar to those reported previously for Ir(111) consisting mostly of hydrogen. Heating the (110) surface above 700°C in the presence of C₆H₆ or C₂H₄ results in the formation of an ordered carbonaceous overlayer with (1 × 1) structure. The results are compared with those obtained previously on the Ir(111) and Ir(755) or stepped [6(111) × (100)] surfaces. The CO adsorption results are discussed in relation to data on similar surfaces of other Group VIII metals.     

Resonance Raman and fluorescence spectra of chlorine dioxide in argon,krypton, xenon,and nitrogen matrices at 16 K

Laser excitation studies of matrix-isolated ClO₂ at 16 K using the 4579, 4765, 4880, and 5145 Å argon ion lines and argon, krypton, xenon, and nitrogen matrices were conducted. Quenching of fluorescence by the matrix was evidenced by the observation of displaced bands in the Ar, Kr, and N₂ work and increased background in the Xe studies. An intense progression in ν₁ of ClO₂ with regularly decreasing intensities out to 6ν₁ observed in solid Ar with 4579 Å excitation was attributed to the resonance Raman effect. Shorter resonance Raman progressions were observed in Xe and N₂ matrices.     

Retracted: A comparative Raman study of graphite,single‐walled,and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes

Retraction: The following article from Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, ‘A comparative Raman study of graphite, single‐walled, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes’, by Animesh K. Ojha and Arnulf Materny published online on 3 March 2009 in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Wolfgang Kiefer, and the publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to lack of citation or acknowledgement of third party interests in certain data included in the article.     

Visible absorption and resonance Raman spectra of alkaline earth metal ozonides in argon and nitrogen matrices at 10 K

Optical and resonance Raman spectra of the reaction products of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba with ozone were observed in argon and nitrogen matrices. The visible spectra were characterized by strong, vibronically structured absorptions between 540 and 350 nm, and are assigned to the alkaline earth metal ozonides, $\text{A}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{O}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$. Vibrational analysis yielded ω₁′ and ω₁x₁ values of about 900 and 6 cm^?1, respectively, with only slight variation from metal to metal. Resonance Raman spectra consisted of a strong fundamental near 1020 cm^?1 and two overtones with decreasing intensity. Oxygen-18 substitution confirmed the vibrational assignments, which agree very well with the alkali metal ozonide spectra. These results suggest that the +1 oxidation state plays an important role in the chemistry of the alkaline earth metals under conditions where aggregation does not occur to favor the +2 state. A thorough search was made for absorptions due to the alkaline earth oxide species, but no bands were observed.     

Synchrotron study of oxygen depletion in a Bi‐2212 whisker annealed at 363 K

Direct evidence is reported of structural and electronic effects induced on a single Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ (Bi‐2212) whisker during a progressive annealing process. The crystal was investigated by micro X‐ray diffraction (µ‐XRD), micro X‐ray fluorescence and electrical characterization at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, during a series of three in situ thermal processes at 363 K. Each step increased the sample resistivity and decreased its critical temperature, up to a semiconducting behaviour. These data correlate with µ‐XRD analysis, which shows an increase of the c‐axis parameter from 30.56 Å to 30.75 Å, indicating an oxygen depletion mechanism. Mild temperature annealing could be an effective process to modulate the intrinsic Josephson junctions' characteristics in Bi‐2212 whiskers.     

Correlation of size and oxygen bonding at the interface of Si nanocrystal in Si–SiO2 nanocomposite: A Raman mapping study

Raman spectroscopy/mapping is used to investigate the variation of Si phonon wavenumbers, i.e., lower wavenumber (LW ~ 495–510 cm⁻¹) and higher wavenumber (HW ~ 515–519 cm⁻¹) phonons, observed in Si–SiO₂ multilayer nanocomposite (NCp) grown using pulsed laser deposition. Sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy as a local probe to surface/interface is effectively used to show that LW and HW phonons originate at surface (Si–SiO₂ interface) and core of Si nanocrystals, respectively. The consistent picture of this understanding is developed using Raman spectroscopy monitored laser heating/annealing and cooling experiment at the site of the desired wavenumber, chosen with the help of Raman mapping. Raman spectra calculations for Si₄₁ cluster with oxygen and hydrogen termination show strong mode at 512 cm⁻¹ for oxygen terminated cluster corresponding to the vibration of surface Si atoms. This supports our attribution of LW phonons to be originating at the Si–SiO₂ surface/interface. These results along with XPS show that nature of interface (oxygen bonding) in turn depends on the size of nanocrystals and LW phonons originate at the surface of smaller Si nanocrystals. The understanding developed can conclude the ongoing debate on large variation in Si phonon wavenumbers of Si–SiO₂ NCps in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nuclear charge radii from X-ray transitions in muonic atoms of carbon,nitrogen and oxygen

Energies of muonic X-rays of the K-series of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen have been measured with an accuracy of about 15 eV. Root mean square radii of the nuclear charge distributions were deduced. The results 2.49±0.05 fm for carbon, 2.55±0.03 fm for nitrogen and 2.71 ±0.02 fm for oxygen are in good agreement at comparable accuracy with recent electron scattering data.     

Influence of carbon,nitrogen and oxygen impurities on the ductility and electronic properties of fcc iridium: First-principles study

Unusual changes in mechanical and electronic properties of fcc Ir in the presence of light sp elements (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) as interstitial impurities have been predicted. By means of the ab initio calculations we found that, in contrast to the majority of other d metals, the ductility of iridium increases in the presence of the above impurities simultaneously with its “metallization” — owing to appreciable growth of the near-Fermi density of states.     

Effects of selective excitation of x‐ray fluorescence of light elements: fluorine,oxygen, nitrogen and carbon

This paper describes three variants of the selective excitation of elements with low atomic number, i.e. fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. One of the variants considers intra‐atomic cascade transitions in the elements of the enclosing matrix. Selective excitation effect values were calculated with consideration of atom excitation by photo‐ and Auger electrons, originating in the material irradiated. It is shown that in some cases the total input of the effects of selective excitation amounts to a few tens of percent of the analytical signal intensity. This study also examines x‐ray fluorescence excitation by irradiating x‐ray tubes with different anodes and varying beryllium window thickness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluorescences of styrene-H8, -D3, -D5, and -D8 in polycrystalline methylcyclohexane at 77 K

From analyses of 77 K fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of styrene and three deuterium substituted isomers, it is concluded that the S₀ ? S₁ transition is of a ¹A₁ ? ¹A₁ nature (in C_2v).     

A study of fluctuations and correlations in deep-inelastic muon-nucleon scattering at 280 GeV

Using data of the European Muon Collaboration on muon-proton and muon-deuteron scattering at 280 GeV, an intermittency analysis in one, two and three phase space dimensions is carried out. In addition, a factorial correlator analysis and a multifractal analysis, both in one dimension (rapidity), are presented.     

Studies of continuum radiation from nitrogen,oxygen and carbon dioxide plasmas in the vacuum ultraviolet region

The spectral distribution of the radiation intensities of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide plasmas have been measured at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 10,000–13,000 K within the spectral range 110–250 nm. Analysis of our results and literature data shows a continuum produced by the formation of negative ions and the importance of photoattachment in the total radiation intensities of nitrogen and oxygen plasmas. Photodetachment cross sections of N^- and O^- have been determined. Calculations were made on the assumption of LTE in the plasma. The applicability of this assumption under the conditions of the experiments is discussed.     

Magnetic properties of oxygenated carbon nitride films from RF-discharge in an acetylene, nitrogen, and oxygen mixture environments

Properties of oxygenated carbon nitride films have attracted the attention of physics researchers due to their magnetic and physical properties, as well as for their usefulness in the industry. The free radicals were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance applied in the study of spin concentration due to the different mechanism of preparation of carbon nitride films by RF-discharge with different kinds of plasma. Unpaired spin concentrations, in the order of 10²⁰ per cm³, were measured and their time recombination dependency was important in those films. The films were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using mixtures of hydrocarbons, N₂ and O₂ in different proportions.