用含时密度泛函方法研究和设计推拉结构的荧光分子

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)方法及连续极化模型研究了六种荧光材料分子基态和第一激发态的电子结构性质.这六种分子是:3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(3-[9-(2-乙基-己基)-咔唑基]-乙烯基)环己烷(DCDHCC),DCDHCC2,3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-二苯基氨基-苯乙烯基)环己烷(DCDPC),DCDPC2,3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-[9-咔唑基]-乙烯基)环己烷(DCDCC)和3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-二甲基氨基-苯乙烯基)环己烷(DCDDC).它们可作为有机发光显示器件的发光材料.比较了PBE0、M06、BMK、M062X和CAM-B3LYP五种泛函,其中BMK方法很好地再现了各个分子在丙酮溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱.同时计算了分子的电子亲和能和电离势并用于评价分子的电荷注入性质.研究表明,当使用双π桥和双受体时,分子的发射光谱会红移到理想的发光区域.据此设计了两个新的分子DCDCC2和DCDDC2,它们分别是DCDCC和DCDDC的双支对应分子.计算结果表明这两个分子也具有作为荧光发射体的良好性质.     

推/拉电子取代基对PCBM结构及光谱性质影响的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算[6,6]-苯基-C₆₁-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)及其苯环对位取代得到的4种衍生物的几何和电子结构. 采用第一激发能校正了分子的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级, 探讨了推/拉电子基团对分子前线轨道的影响. 在全优化几何构型的基础上, 采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了电子吸收光谱特征和电荷转移态性质, 并讨论了推/拉电子基团对体系电子吸收光谱性质的影响. 通过对重组能和电子亲和势的计算, 预测了PCBM与4种衍生物的电子能力及电子迁移率大小的关系. 结果表明, 在PCBM中, 在苯环的对位引入推电子基团可以提高分子的前线轨道能级, 改变前线轨道电子云分布, 明显增强可见光范围内的吸收强度, 增加可见光范围内的电荷转移吸收, 且激发态的电荷转移随着引入基团推电子能力的增加而增强. 化合物5的激发态分子内电荷转移性质最强, 且具有较独特的光伏性质. 而在同样位置引入拉电子基团, 则降低了分子前线轨道能级对电子吸收光谱的影响.     

乙烯基噻吩共轭螺噁嗪化合物的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在B3LYP/6-31G^* 水平上对乙烯基噻吩共轭螺噁嗪化合物 SO-SO3 的几何构型、电子结构、前线分子轨道等进行了理论研究, 计算结果表明: SO-SO3的开环过程会使得开环体的左右两个部分键长均等化, 导致共轭体系变大, 能隙明显减小; 乙烯基噻吩基团共轭接入螺噁嗪母体后, 导致体系的共轭作用变大, 在激发态下电子流动增强, 形成由乙烯基噻吩向萘并噁嗪的有效电荷转移与能量转移; 结合前线分子轨道成分分析乙烯基噻吩单元在最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)中的轨道贡献率明显增加. 含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算的电子吸收光谱结果显示: 当接入的乙烯基噻吩单元达到2-3个时, 影响SO2和SO3开环的最低能量激发态变为第一激发单重态S₁, 并且均源自电子从HOMO至LUMO的跃迁且为π-π^*跃迁; 其最大吸收波长λ_max 达到466-540 nm, 且红移十分明显, 其对应开环体O-SO2与O-SO3的λ_max 达到605和647 nm.     

四硫富瓦烯作为染料敏化太阳能电池有机染料电子给体的理论研究(英文)

为了研究四硫富瓦烯(TTF)基团对有机染料敏化剂光电性能的影响,以咔唑染料Dye 1为原型,引入TTF基团作为电子给体,设计了咔唑染料Dye 2.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)分别计算模拟了纯染料分子和吸附团簇(TiO2)9后的形貌、分子轨道能级以及紫外-可见吸收光谱,采用周期性密度泛函理论计算模拟染料分子在二氧化钛(101)面吸附的表面形貌.结果发现:在有机染料中引入TTF基团有助于有机染料敏化剂在二氧化钛表面的抗团聚作用和分子内的电荷转移;最为重要的是,TTF基团的强给电子能力极大地增强了有机染料敏化剂的光捕获能力.所有的计算结果表明,TTF基团是一种非常有潜力改善染料敏化剂光电性能的给电子基团.     

用于染料敏化太阳能电池的D5同类物分子设计(英文)

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)以及自然键轨道(NBO)分析,设计比有机染料D5更优秀的用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的D5同类物分子.在D5骨架的给电子基团上对称地引入给电子基(—OH,—NH2,—OCH3),既可以使分子的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级提高,又可以使吸收光谱红移,从而既提高染料分子捕获太阳辐射光子的能力,又提高由染料分子的激发态向TiO2电极注入电子的驱动力.在D5分子的骨架上,对称地引入受电子基(—CF3,—F,—CN),可以使染料分子的吸收光谱强烈地红移,从而更有效地利用太阳能.由LUMO能级的提高和吸收光谱的红移来考虑,所设计的D516,D536,D537分子是比D5优秀的同类物分子,其中D516是最好的.单从吸收光谱红移来考虑,所设计的D565,D567,D568分子是比D5优秀的同类物分子,其中D565的吸收光谱有望与太阳辐射光谱更好地匹配.挑选出来的这6种D5同类物分子都是D-π-A(电子给体-共轭π桥-电子受体)结构.这几种分子的光激发引起的最高占据分子轨道(HOMOs)到LUMOs的跃迁是π-π*跃迁,是分子内电荷转移,吸收光谱是电子吸收光谱,位于近紫外-可见光区.D516和D565有望成为比D5更优秀的用于DSSC的非金属有机染料分子.     

四硫富瓦烯作为染料敏化太阳能电池有机染料电子给体的理论研究

为了研究四硫富瓦烯(TTF)基团对有机染料敏化剂光电性能的影响,以咔唑染料Dye 1 为原型,引入TTF基团作为电子给体,设计了咔唑染料Dye 2. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)分别计算模拟了纯染料分子和吸附团簇(TiO₂)₉后的形貌、分子轨道能级以及紫外-可见吸收光谱,采用周期性密度泛函理论计算模拟染料分子在二氧化钛(101)面吸附的表面形貌. 结果发现：在有机染料中引入TTF基团有助于有机染料敏化剂在二氧化钛表面的抗团聚作用和分子内的电荷转移;最为重要的是,TTF 基团的强给电子能力极大地增强了有机染料敏化剂的光捕获能力. 所有的计算结果表明,TTF基团是一种非常有潜力改善染料敏化剂光电性能的给电子基团.     

给电子基团对吲哚染料电子结构和吸收光谱的影响

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT), 分别基于B3LYP和PBE1PBE方法研究了一系列含有不同给电子基团的吲哚染料分子(ID1-ID3)的电子结构和吸收光谱性质. 重点比较了不同电子给体对染料的分子结构、吸收光谱以及其在电池中的光伏性能的影响. 结果表明从ID1、ID2到ID3, 随着电子给体中苯环数目的增加, 吲哚分子上的共轭效应逐渐增大, 导致吲哚分子最高占据分子轨道-最低未占据分子轨道(HOMO-LUMO)之间的能隙变窄, 分子的吸收光谱发生红移. 染料分子的吸收光谱和LUMO能级分别影响染料的吸光效率和光电转化过程中电子的注入过程, 从而使其二者成为决定电池光伏性能的重要参数. 综合考虑上述两个参数对电池性能的贡献, 通过理论研究证实, 在ID1-ID3系列染料中, ID3具有较长的吸收谱带、较大的分子消光系数和合适的LUMO能级, 从而表现出最为优越的光伏性能, 这与实验得出的结论很好地吻合.     

两种4-氨基安替比林席夫碱-Pt(Ⅱ)配合物电子光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在PBE0/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平下,对两种含有不同取代基的4-氨基安替比林席夫碱-Pt(Ⅱ)配合物A和B的几何构型、前线分子轨道及其分布特征进行理论计算.在优化构型的基础上,用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)在相同水平下对上述配合物进行电子吸收光谱研究.计算还考虑了二氯甲烷溶剂对电子结构和光谱性质的影响.结果表明,配合物A和B的最强吸收波长分别来自于HOMO→LUMO和HOMO-5→LUMO的跃迁,以上跃迁存在明显的分子内电荷转移的特征.此外,在4-氨基安替比林配体上引入强的给电子基团-N(CH3)2,配合物A的最大吸收波长相对于配合物B发生了红移现象.     

Al-C60-Al分子结电子输运特性的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的格林函数方法, 计算了Al-C60-Al分子结的电子输运特性. 考虑了C60分子在铝电极表面的原子结构弛豫, 计算结果表明共振传导是Al-C60-Al分子结电子输运的主要特征, 在费米能级附近的电导约为1.14G0 (G0=2e2/h). 投影态密度(PDOS)分析表明, Al-C60-Al分子结的电子输运主要通过C60分子的最低空分子轨道(LUMO)和次低空分子轨道(LUMO+1)进行. 讨论了C60分子和铝电极之间距离的变化对其电子输运特性的影响.     

三苯基均三嗪基团调控敏化染料光电性能的理论研究

为了探究更高效率的敏化染料, 将三苯基均三嗪基团引入供体-受体-共轭π桥-受体(D-A-π-A)型WS-4(HB)敏化剂中, 设计了7种新型染料分子, 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法优化了新型敏化剂的几何构型, 分析了分子的基态结构、 前线轨道能级、 吸收光谱、 激发能及分子内电荷转移等相关性质. 结果表明, 三苯基均三嗪可以有效改善以三苯胺为电子给体的染料性能, 其中在三苯基均三嗪上双侧连接三苯胺给体的染料HBL2表现出更低的能隙和光捕捉效率. 利用Multiwfn对染料HBL2电子转移情况进行分析, 结果表明, 三苯基均三嗪不仅可起到电子推拉作用, 还在一定程度上起到供体的作用, 对分子内电荷转移起到促进作用.     

The effect of conjugated spacer on novel carbazole derivatives for dye‐sensitized solar cells: Density functional theory/time‐dependent density functional theory study

The ground‐state structure and frontier molecular orbital of D‐π‐A organic dyes, CFT1A, CFT2A, and CFT1PA were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) on B3LYP functional with 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. The vertical excitation energies and absorption spectra were obtained using time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). The adsorptions of these dyes on TiO₂ anatase (101) were carried out by using a 38[TiO₂] cluster model using Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional with the double numerical basis set with polarization (DNP). The results showed that the introduction of thiophene–thiophene unit (T–T) as conjugated spacer in CFT2A could affect the performance of intramolecular charge transfer significantly due to the inter‐ring torsion of T–T being decreased compared with phenylene–phenylene (P–P) spacer of CFP2A in the researhcers' previous report. It was also found that increasing the number of π‐conjugated unit gradually enhanced charge separation between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of these dyes, leading to a high‐efficiency photocurrent generation. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps were calculated to be 2.51, 2.37, and 2.50 eV for CFT1A, CFT2A, and CFT1PA respectively. Moreover, the calculated adsorption energies of these dyes on TiO₂ cluster were ～14 kcal/mol, implying that these dyes strongly bind to TiO₂ surface. Furthermore, the electronic HOMO and LUMO shapes of all dye–TiO₂ complexes exhibited injection mechanism of electron via intermolecular charge‐transfer transition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Theoretical investigation of novel carbazole-fluorene based D-π-A conjugated organic dyes as dye-sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)

The ground state structure and frontier molecular orbital of newly synthesized carbazole-fluorene based D-π-A organic dyes, CFP1A, CFP2A, CFP1CA, and CFP2CA, were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. These dye molecules have been constructed based on carbazole-fluorene as the electron-donating moiety while introducing benzene units as π-spacer connected to different anchor groups, such as acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid, as acceptors. The electronic vertical excitation energies and absorption wavelength were carried out using time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Furthermore, the adsorptions of phenylacrylic acid and phenylcyanoacrylic acid on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface were carried out by means of quantum-chemical periodic calculations employing periodic PBE functional with DNP basis set. The results promise that anchor dyes with strong withdrawing CN group have easier injected electron to the conduction band of semiconductor implying that CFP1CA and CFP2CA show better performance among four dyes. Additionally, the intramolecular charge transfers (ICT) from electron donor group to anchoring group of CFP1CA and CFP2CA have shown better performance. The calculated results provide the efficiency trend of our new dyes as CFP1CA ≈ CFP2CA > CFP1A ≈ CFP2A which are excellently agree with experimental observation.     

Photophysical studies of dipolar organic dyes that feature a 1,3-cyclohexadiene conjugated linkage: the implication of a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer state on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells

A detailed study of the synthesis and photophysical properties of a new series of dipolar organic photosensitizers that feature a 1,3‐cyclohexadiene moiety integrated into the π‐conjugated structural backbone has been carried out. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on these structurally simple dyes have shown appreciable photo‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency, with the highest one up to 4.03 %. Solvent‐dependent fluorescence studies along with the observation of dual emission on dye 4 b and single emission on dyes 4 a and 32 suggest that dye 4 b possesses a highly polar emissive excited state located at a lower‐energy position than at the normal emissive excited state. A detailed photophysical investigation in conjunction with computational studies confirmed the twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer (TICT) state to be the lowest emissive excited state for dye 4 b in polar solvents. The relaxation from higher‐charge‐injection excited states to the lowest TICT state renders the back‐electron transfer process a forbidden one and significantly retards the charge recombination to boost the photocurrent. The electrochemical impedance under illumination and transient photovoltage decay studies showed smaller charge resistance and longer electron lifetime in 4 b ‐based DSSC compared to the DSSCs with reference dyes 4 a and 32 , which further illustrates the positive influence of the TICT state on the performance of DSSCs.     

Highly efficient organic indolocarbazole dye in different acceptor units for optoelectronic applications—a first principle study

A series of novel organic dyes (ICZA1, ICZA2, ICZA3, ICZA4) with D-π-A structural configuration incorporating indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole moiety as donor (D) unit, thiophene as π-linker and 2-cyanoacrylic acid as acceptor unit were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods. Indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole-based D-π-A dyes composed of different acceptor groups were designed. By modulating acceptor unit, the efficiency of D-π-A dye-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be further improved. In the present work, four novel push-pull organic dyes only differing in electron acceptor, have been designed based on the experimental literature value of IC-2. In order to further improve the light harvesting capability of indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole dyes, the acceptor influence on the dye performance were examined. The NLO property of the designed dye molecules can be derived as polarizability and hyperpolarizability. The calculated value of ICZA2 dye is the best candidate for NLO properties. Furthermore, the designed organic dyes exhibit good photovoltaic performance of charge transfer characteristics, driving force of electron injection, dye regeneration, global reactivity, and light harvesting efficiency (LHE). From the calculated value of ICZA4 dye, it has been identified as a good candidate for DSSCs applications. Finally, it is concluded that the both ICZA2 and ICZA4 dyes theoretically agrees well with the experimental value of IC-2 dye. Hence, the dyes ICZA2 and ICZA4 can serve as an excellent electron withdrawing groups for NLO and DSSCs applications.     

New bithiazole-based sensitizers for efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells

A series of new push-pull organic dyes (BT-I-VI), incorporating electron-withdrawing bithiazole with a thiophene, furan, benzene, or cyano moiety, as π?spacer have been synthesized, characterized, and used as the sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In comparison with the model compound T1, these dyes containing a thiophene moiety between triphenylamine and bithiazole display enhanced spectral responses in the red portion of the solar spectrum. Electrochemical measurement data indicate that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be tuned by introducing different π?spacers between the bithiazole moiety and cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. The incorporation of bithiazole substituted with two hexyl groups is highly beneficial to prevent close π-π aggregation, thus favorably suppressing charge recombination and intermolecular interaction. The overall conversion efficiencies of DSSCs based on bithiazole dyes are in the range of 3.58 to 7.51?%, in which BT-I-based DSSCs showed the best photovoltaic performance: a maximum monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 81.1?%, a short-circuit photocurrent density (J(sc)) of 15.69?mA?cm(-2), an open-circuit photovoltage (V(oc)) of 778?mV, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.61, which correspond to an overall conversion efficiency of 7.51?% under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions. Most importantly, long-term stability of the BT-I-III-based DSSCs with ionic-liquid electrolytes under 1000?h of light soaking was demonstrated and BT-II with a furan moiety exhibited better photovoltaic performance of up to 5.75?% power conversion efficiency.     

Mechanism of Redox‐Active Ligand‐Assisted Nitrene‐Group Transfer in a ZrIV Complex: Direct Ligand‐to‐Ligand Charge Transfer Preferred

The mechanism of the nitrene‐group transfer reaction from an organic azide to isonitrile catalyzed by a Zr^IV d⁰ complex carrying a redox‐active ligand was studied by using quantum chemical molecular‐modeling methods. The key step of the reaction involves the two‐electron reduction of the azide moiety to release dinitrogen and provide the nitrene fragment, which is subsequently transferred to the isonitrile substrate. The reducing equivalents are supplied by the redox‐active bis(2‐iso‐propylamido‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐amide ligand. The main focus of this work is on the mechanism of this redox reaction, in particular, two plausible mechanistic scenarios are considered: 1) the metal center may actively participate in the electron‐transfer process by first recruiting the electrons from the redox‐active ligand and becoming formally reduced in the process, followed by a classical metal‐based reduction of the azide reactant. 2) Alternatively, a non‐classical, direct ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer process can be envisioned, in which no appreciable amount of electron density is accumulated at the metal center during the course of the reaction. Our calculations indicate that the non‐classical ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer mechanism is much more favorable energetically. Utilizing a series of carefully constructed putative intermediates, both mechanistic scenarios were compared and contrasted to rationalize the preference for ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer mechanism.     

基于苯甲酸受体的咔唑染料敏化剂的合成和光电性能

选择N-正丁基咔唑作为电子给体,芴酮作为桥键,苯甲酸作为受体,通过桥键芴酮与给体和受体连接位置的改变,设计合成了两个咔唑染料4-(6-(N-正丁基咔唑-3-基)-9-氧-9H-芴-3-基)苯甲酸(HXL-3W)和4-(7-(N-正丁基咔唑-3-基)-9-氧-9H-芴-2-基)苯甲酸(HXL-4Z).对咔唑染料的光谱性能、电化学性能和光电转换性能进行了研究,并运用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对其几何结构和紫外-可见光谱进行了优化计算.结果表明, HXL-4Z的吸收光谱呈现两个明显的π→π^*跃迁吸收峰和一个较小的对应于分子内电荷转移的吸收峰,而HXL-3W的吸收光谱则仅呈现一个π→π^*跃迁吸收峰,且摩尔吸光系数远小于HXL-4Z.可能是HXL-3W分子结构中给体和受体距离较近,张力较大,导致较差的分子平面性和分子内电荷转移.因而HXL-4Z的光吸收能力和电子注入效率较优,从而具有较好的光电转换效率(2.03%) (短路电流(J_SC) = 3.88 mA·cm^-2,开路电压(V_OC) = 700 mV,填充因子(FF) = 0.75).     

The role of the π linker in donor-π-acceptor organic dyes for high-performance sensitized solar cells

The key elements arising from different linkers between donor (D) and acceptor (A) fragments in D-π-A organic dyes are computationally studied. Taking triarylamine and the cyanoacrylic acid fragments as donor and acceptor units, respectively, the role of the different separators is computationally explored by means of optimized geometries, frontier molecular orbitals, static polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities, excitation energies to the lowest excited singlet, the charge-transfer character of the transition, and simulated absorption spectra. The results are compared to two closely related sets of linkers. Electronic-structure calculations on the studied organic dyes are performed with the CIS(D) wave function based method and time-dependent density functional theory (ωB97, ωB97X, and ωPBEh functionals). Solvation effects are introduced with the polarizable continuum model (PCM).     

Phthalocyanine–C60 Fused Conjugates Exhibiting Molecular Orbital Interactions Depending on the Solvent Polarity

New covalently C₆₀‐connected zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives have been synthesized by utilizing successive cycloaddition reactions of C₆₀ with a ZnPc derivative containing a pyridazine moiety employing Komatsu’s method in reaction of C₆₀ with phthalazine. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of the fused conjugate ( 5 ) shows red shifts from the corresponding absorption of ZnPc derivative ( 8 ), indicating interactions between the ZnPc and C₆₀ moieties. The DFT calculations under non‐polar medium predict that the HOMO and LUMO of 5 localize on the ZnPc moiety, whereas LUMO+1 localizes on the C₆₀ moiety, which reasonably explain the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and absorption spectra in toluene. Electrochemical redox potentials of 5 in polar solvents indicate the first‐oxidation potential arises from the ZnPc moiety, whereas the first reduction potential is associated with the C₆₀ moiety, suggesting the LUMO localizes on the C₆₀ moiety in polar solvent. This reversal of the LUMO is supported by the ZnPc‐fluorescence quenching with a nearby C₆₀ moiety in benzonitrile, which leads to the charge‐separation via the excited singlet state of the ZnPc moiety. In toluene on the other hand, such a ZnPc‐fluorescence quenching owing to the photoinduced charge separation is not observed as predicted by the DFT‐calculated LUMO on the ZnPc moiety.     

New Bithiazole‐Based Sensitizers for Efficient and Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A series of new push–pull organic dyes ( BT‐I – VI ), incorporating electron‐withdrawing bithiazole with a thiophene, furan, benzene, or cyano moiety, as π spacer have been synthesized, characterized, and used as the sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In comparison with the model compound T1 , these dyes containing a thiophene moiety between triphenylamine and bithiazole display enhanced spectral responses in the red portion of the solar spectrum. Electrochemical measurement data indicate that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be tuned by introducing different π spacers between the bithiazole moiety and cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. The incorporation of bithiazole substituted with two hexyl groups is highly beneficial to prevent close π–π aggregation, thus favorably suppressing charge recombination and intermolecular interaction. The overall conversion efficiencies of DSSCs based on bithiazole dyes are in the range of 3.58 to 7.51 %, in which BT‐I ‐based DSSCs showed the best photovoltaic performance: a maximum monochromatic incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 81.1 %, a short‐circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) of 15.69 mA cm^?2, an open‐circuit photovoltage (V_oc) of 778 mV, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.61, which correspond to an overall conversion efficiency of 7.51 % under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions. Most importantly, long‐term stability of the BT‐I – III ‐based DSSCs with ionic‐liquid electrolytes under 1000 h of light soaking was demonstrated and BT‐II with a furan moiety exhibited better photovoltaic performance of up to 5.75 % power conversion efficiency.