AuCl_4~--鲁米诺体系测定阿莫西林钠的含量

在NaOH介质中,AuCl4-氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,阿莫西林钠显著增强该体系的发光,据此建立了测定阿莫西林钠的流动注射化学发光新方法.在优化的实验条件下,测定阿莫西林钠的线性范围为0.01～15 μg/mL,检出限为2.6 ng/mL,对1.0 μg/mL阿莫西林钠进行了11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.7%.本法已用于针剂及血清中阿莫西林钠的测定.     

KMnO_4-鲁米诺体系测定苯唑西林钠

基于苯唑西林钠对碱性介质中KMnO4-鲁米诺体系化学发光的增强作用,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定苯唑西林钠的新方法.在最佳的实验务件下,苯唑西林钠的质量浓度与化学发光强度成正比,线性范围为0.01～20μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为1.0 ng/mL,对1.0μg/mL苯唑西林钠进行了11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.4%.     

美洛西林钠的电化学行为与测定

用线性扫描伏安法、循环伏安法研究了美洛西林钠的电化学行为;在0.2mol／LKCl-0.001mol／LHCl底液中,美洛西林钠在滴汞电极上有一灵敏的还原峰(峰电位-0.7V),峰电流与扫描速度成正比,方法的线性范围为5.0×10-4～1.0×10-2g／L,检出限为1.0×10-4g／L;方法可直接用于美洛西林钠样品的测定。     

AuCl_4~--鲁米诺体系测定氨苄西林钠

在NaOH介质中, AuCl4-氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光, 氨苄西林钠显著增强该体系的发光. 据此, 建立了一种测定氨苄西林钠的流动注射化学发光新方法. 在优化的实验条件下, 该法测定氨苄西林钠的线性范围为0.01～10 μg/mL, 检出限为4.0 ng/mL, 对1.0 μg/mL 氨苄西林钠进行了11次测定, 其相对标准偏差为1.4%. 用于粉针剂、合成样品及尿样中氨苄西林钠的测定.     

化学发光法测定氨苄西林钠

在NaOH介质中,KI04氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,氨苄西林钠显著增强该体系的发光.据此,建立了一种简单、快速测定氨苄西林钠的流动注射化学发光新方法.在优化的实验条件下,线性范围为0.01～10 μg/mL,检出限为3.0 ng/mL,对1.0 μg/mL氨苄西林钠进行了11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.4%.已用于粉针剂、合成样品及尿样中氨苄西林钠的测定.     

流动注射-化学发光法测定富马酸依美斯汀

在酸性条件下,KMnO4与甲醛能够产生微弱的化学发光,而富马酸依美斯汀的存在能够大大增强该化学发光强度;结合流动注射技术,建立了测定富马酸依美斯汀的流动注射-化学发光新方法。该方法的线性范围分别为3.0×10-8～2.0×10-7g/mL,2.0×10-7～1.0×10-6g/mL和1.0×10-6～8.0×10-6g/mL。检出限为1.0×10-8g/mL,对2.0×10-6g/mL富马酸依美斯汀滴眼液平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为1.3%。该方法已成功应用于滴眼液中富马酸依美斯汀的含量测定。     

化学发光法同时测定色氨酸和半胱氨酸的研究

基于色氨酸和半胱氨酸对Ru(pheo)32 -Ce(Ⅳ)体系化学发光的增强作用及其发光动力学性质的显著差别,提出了一种化学发光法同时测定这两种氨基酸的新方法.在优化的实验条件下,该方法测定色氨酸和半胱氨酸的线性范围分别为0.05～2.0 μg/mL和0.05～3.0 μg/mL,检出限分别为0.03 μg/mL和0.02 μg/mL.将其应用于合成样品中两种氨基酸的同时测定.结合文献提出了可能的化学发光反应机理.     

胶束敏化化学发光法测定赤藓红

N-氯代丁二酰亚胺在碱性条件下可氧化赤藓红产生弱的化学发光.十六烷基三甲基溴化铵胶束的存在对这一反应的化学发光信号具有显著的增强作用.基于此,结合流动注射技术,优化了化学发光反应条件,建立了测定赤藓红的化学发光新方法.赤藓红质量浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-5g/mL范围内与化学发光强度具有线性关系.该方法测定赤藓红的检出限为3×10-8g/mL,相对标准偏差为3.7%(1.0×10-6g/mL赤藓红溶液,n=11).该方法已用于糖果中赤藓红含量的测定.     

KIO4-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定青霉素钠

在碱性介质中,KIO4氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,青霉素钠对该体系有增强作用.在最佳的实验条件下,青霉素钠浓度与增强的发光强度成正比,线性范围为0.01～20μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为3.0 ng/mL,对1.0μg/nL青霉素钠进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.2%.方法已用于粉针剂、合成样品及尿样中青霉素钠的测定.     

纳米银催化的鲁米诺化学发光体系测定呋喃硫胺的研究

基于纳米银能够增强鲁米诺-H2O2-呋喃硫胺体系化学发光的现象,建立了测定呋喃硫胺的流动注射化学发光新方法.对体系的化学发光机理进行了初步探讨,发现该体系的化学发光光谱的最大发射波长为425nm,该体系的发光体为激发态的3-氨基邻苯二甲酸根离子.该方法测定呋喃硫胺的线性范围为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5g/mL,检出限4×10-9g/mL,对1.0×10-6g/mL呋喃硫胺连续9次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9％.方法已用于药物呋喃硫胺片中呋喃硫胺的测定.     

meso-四-[4-(Boc-苏氨酸)氨基苯基]卟啉荧光探针对L-色氨酸的痕量测定

利用荧光光谱方法探讨了以对称型pF3N子氨基酸卟啉：11R3S0-四-[4-（Boc-苏氨酸）氨基苯基]卟啉（TAPP—Thr—Boc）作为光谱探针测定三一色氨酸的最佳条件．实验结果表明：双-2-乙基己基硫代琥珀酸钠（AOT）表面活性剂的加入能显著增加体系的灵敏度．在最佳实验条件下,体系荧光强度的下降程度与L-氨酸含量在0．10～8．80μg／mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0．034μg/mL方法抗干扰能力强,有较好的选择性和灵敏度,用于实际样品仔猪饲料的测定,结果满意．     

盐酸氯丙嗪作探针共振瑞利散射法测定环境水样中某些阴离子表面活性剂

在pH 3.0～5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中, 盐酸氯丙嗪与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)等阴离子表面活性剂反应形成离子缔合物时, 能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大RRS峰分别位于277, 369和277 nm处, 方法对SDBS, SDS和SLS的检出限分别为0.018, 0.046和0.200 μg/mL, 其线性范围分别为0.09~10.0, 0.15~15.0 和0.67~12.5 μg/mL. 研究了适宜的反应条件及分析化学性质, 提出了一种用RRS技术灵敏、简便并快速测定阴离子表面活性剂的新方法.     

纳米SiO_2分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量银

研究了纳米SiO_2分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量银的新方法.考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、洗脱条件和干扰离子等因素对Ag~+分离富集的影响,确定了纳米SiO_2对Ag~+吸附的最佳条件.结果表明:在pH 4.1时,纳米SiO_2能定量吸附银,吸附在纳米SiO_2上的Ag~+可用0.5 mol/L HCl+0.5 mol/L硫脲定量洗脱.该法对银的检出限为0.77 ng/mL(3σ,n=11);线性范围为0.005～1.5μg/mL,对0.5μg/mL的Ag~+标液进行7次测定,RSD为3.6%,回收率在94.0%～101.5%之间;方法可用于环境水样中痕量银的测定.     

双氧水活化-面粉酶抑制法测定蔬菜中有机磷农药

基于α-乙酸萘酯和固蓝B在面粉酶的催化作用下生成紫红色的偶氮化合物,而有机磷农药在双氧水的活化下会抑制酶的催化作用,其抑制程度与农药的浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,由此建立了一种快速测定有机磷农药的方法。探讨了最佳的反应条件,测定甲基对硫磷和甲胺磷的线性范围分别为1~10μg/mL,1~50μg/mL,最低检出限分别为0.1136μg/mL,0.3525μg/mL。该法具有试剂廉价易得、操作简便、迅速的特点,适合果蔬中常见有机磷农药的快速检测。     

表面活性剂增敏动力学光度法测定痕量铜

建立了以表面活性剂为增敏剂,过氧化氢还原中性红褪色催化光度法测定痕量铜的新方法。找到了反应的最佳条件,并测定了一些动力学参数。据此建立了测定痕量铜的催化动力学分析法,线性范围为０－３．２μｇ／２５ｍＬ,检出限为８．２＊１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ。方法具有线性范围宽,干扰离子少的优点,对于人发和指甲中铜的测定,结果满意。     

Ionic‐liquid‐based surfactant‐emulsified microextraction procedure accelerated by ultrasound radiation followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs

In the present work, an efficient and environmental friendly method of ionic‐liquid‐based emulsified microextraction procedure accelerated by ultrasound radiation has been developed. Subsequently, its performance was compared with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and ultrasound‐assisted surfactant‐based emulsification microextraction methods. The optimization of experimental conditions was carried out by combination of central composite design and response surface methodology. The optimum conditions of variables were set as follows: 50 μL of 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (extracting solvent), 10 min ultrasound time, and 10 min vortex time for agitating 6 mL sample solution in pH 3 in the presence of 4 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate without addition of salt and 200 μL of methanol as diluent solvent. Under these conditions, the responses are linear for doxepin and perphenazine in the range of 0.3–1000 and 5–1000 μg/L, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.1 μg/L for doxepin and 1 μg/L for perphenazine. Relative standard deviations were lower than 3.5 for the determination of both species. Finally, the method was used for the preconcentration and determination of doxepin and perphenazine in urine sample with relative recoveries in the range of 89–98%.     

KBrO3氧化甲基紫褪色动力学光度法测定食品中痕量钒

基于0.004 mol/L的柠檬酸介质中,痕量V(Ⅴ)催化KBrO3氧化甲基紫的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量V(Ⅴ)的动力学光度法。方法的检出限为1.23μg/L,线性范围为0～0.16μg/mL。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响,确定了该体系反应的最佳条件。在25 mL溶液中,测定2.0μg V(Ⅴ)的RSD为1.9%(n=11)。方法可用于测定小麦和苹果中的痕量V(Ⅴ),RSD为1.1%～2.7%,标准加入回收率为97.6%～99.0%。     

Indirect determination of ampicillin sodium with sodium nitrate-ammonium thiocyanate-water system by extraction-flotation of cuprous thiocyanate

A novel method for indirect determination of ampicillin sodium by the extraction-flotation is proposed in this paper. It is indicated that the degradation of ampicillin sodium took place in the presence of 0.30 M sodium hydroxide in boiling water for 20 min. At pH 4.0, in the presence of ammonium thiocyanate, the thiol group of the degradation product of ampicillin sodium could reduce copper(II) to copper(I) due to the formation of the emulsion cuprous thiocyanate precipitation. By determining the residual amount of copper(II) in the solution and calculating the flotation yield of cuprous thiocyanate, the indirect determination of ampicillin sodium can be performed. When the concentration of cooper(II) was 5.0 μg/mL, a good linear relationship was obtained between the flotation yield of cuprous thiocyanate and the amount of ampicillin sodium in the range of 0.40～9.6 μg/mL. The linear equation is E = 4.1469 + 3.7949c with the correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, and the detection limit (3σ/K) of 0.37 μg/mL. Each parameter has been optimized and the reaction mechanism has been studied. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ampicillin sodium in pharmaceutical, human plasma and urine samples. Analytical results obtained are satisfactory.     

流动注射化学发光分析法测定卡马西平

基于酸性条件下溴化钠对NaIO4-H2O2-卡马西平化学发光反应体系具有明显的增敏作用,结合流动注射技术建立了一种测定卡马西平的新方法.在优化的实验条件下,方法的线性范围为1.0×10-9～8.0×10-6g/mL,检出限为3.6×10-10g/mL,相对标准偏差为2.5％(c=2.0×10-7g/mL,n=11),回收率在98.4％～100.6％间.     

Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in water samples by static headspace gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A simple, efficient, solvent‐free, and commercial readily available approach for determination of five volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in water samples using the static headspace sampling and gas chromatography with electron capture detection has been described. The proposed static headspace sampling method was initially optimized and the optimum experimental conditions found were 10 mL water sample containing 20% w/v sodium chloride placed in a 20 mL vial and stirred at 50ºC for 20 min. The linearity of the method was in the range of 1.2–240 μg/L for dichloromethane, 0.2–40 μg/L for trichloromethane, 0.005–1 μg/L for perchloromethane, 0.025–5 μg/L for trichloroethylene, and 0.01–2 μg/L for perchloroethylene, with coefficients of determination ranging between 0.9979 and 0.9990. The limits of detection were in the low μg/L level, ranging between 0.001 and 0.3 μg/L. The relative recoveries of spiked five volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons with external calibration method at different concentration levels in pure, tap, sea water of Jiaojiang Estuary, and sea water of waters of Xiaomendao were in the range of 91–116, 96–105, 86–112, and 80–111%, respectively, and with relative standard deviations of 1.9–3.6, 2.3–3.5, 1.5–2.7, and 2.3–3.7% (n = 5), respectively. The performance of the proposed method was compared with traditional liquid–liquid extraction on the real water samples (i.e., pure, tap, and sea water, etc.) and comparable efficiencies were obtained. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in different water samples.