共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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随着人口增长和全球工业化进程加快,人们饱受环境污染和能源短缺问题的困扰.半导体光催化技术作为一种高效、可持续、环境友好、有潜力的新技术,在环境净化和能源开发方面有着广阔的应用前景.到目前为止,人们已开发出多种半导体光催化剂,并广泛应用于污染物降解、氢气制备和二氧化碳还原等领域.其中,化合物K4Nb6O17具有典型的层状结构、合适的电子能带结构、结构易改性以及良好的电荷传输性能等特点,在光催化领域得到了广泛研究.然而,单纯K4Nb6O17仍存在光响应范围窄、光生载流子复合率高等问题,限制了K4Nb6O17的进一步应用.因此,需要对K4Nb6O17进行改性,拓宽其光吸收范围,提高其光生载流子分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性.本研究通过简单焙烧法制备Z型N-掺杂K4Nb6O17/g-C3N4(KCN)异质结光催化剂,其中石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)在复合材料中质量比约为50%.层状K4Nb6O17层板的电子结构通过N掺杂进行调控,拓宽其光响应范围,使其具有可见光响应;同时,形成的g-C3N4位于N-掺杂K4Nb6O17的外层以及内层空间,在这两种组分之间形成异质结,有利于提高光生载流子的分离效率.荧光光谱、时间分辨荧光光谱和光电化学测试表明,N掺杂和异质结的形成有利于增强光生电子-空穴对的传输和分离效率.通过在可见光照射下降解罗丹明B(RhB)和产氢来评估材料的光催化性能.相比g-C3N4(8.24μmol/h)和Me-K4Nb6O17(~1.30μmol/h),KCN复合材料光催化产氢效率(~16.91μmol/h)得到了极大提高,并显示出极好的光催化产氢稳定性能.对于光催化降解RhB体系,KCN复合材料也显示出较好的光催化活性和稳定性,并能很好地将RhB矿化.鉴于KCN复合材料具有较小的比表面积(9.9 m^2/g)且无孔结构,认为比表面积对光催化活性影响较小.因此,与单组分相比,KCN复合材料光催化产氢和RhB降解活性都得到了极大提高,活性的增强主要归功于N掺杂和异质结形成的协同效应,其中N掺杂可以拓宽光捕获能力,异质结形成可提高电荷载流子的分离效率.电子自旋共振(ESR)谱表明,在KCN降解RhB体系中,超氧自由基(·O2^?)、羟基自由基(·OH)和空穴(h^+)作为主要活性物质都参与了反应.结合实验结果可以推测KCN复合材料满足了Z型光催化体系,该体系具有高效的光生载流子分离效率和较高的氧化还原能力. 相似文献
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Xibao Li Jiyou Liu Juntong Huang Chaozheng He Zhijun Feng Zhi Chen Liying Wan Fang Deng 《物理化学学报》1985,37(6):2010030-0
Organic photocatalysts have attracted attention owing to their suitable redox band positions, low cost, high chemical stability, and good tunability of their framework and electronic structure. As a novel organic photocatalyst, PDI-Ala (N, N'-bis(propionic acid)-perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide) has strong visible-light response, low valence band position, and strong oxidation ability. However, the low photogenerated charge transfer rate and high carrier recombination rate limit its application. Due to the aromatic heterocyclic structure of g-C3N4 and large delocalized π bond in the planar structure of PDI-Ala, g-C3N4 and PDI-Ala can be tightly combined through π–π interactions and N―C bond. The band structure of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 (S-C3N4) matched well with PDI-Ala than that with g-C3N4. The electron delocalization effect, internal electric field, and newly formed chemical bond jointly promote the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers between PDI-Ala and S-C3N4. To this end, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst comprising organic semiconductor PDI-Ala and S-C3N4 was prepared by an in situ self-assembly strategy. Meanwhile, PDI-Ala was self-assembled by transverse hydrogen bonding and longitudinal π–π stacking. The crystal structure, morphology, valency, optical properties, stability, and energy band structure of the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 photocatalysts were systematically analyzed and studied by various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky curve. The work functions and interface coupling characteristics were determined using density functional theory. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized photocatalyst for H2O2 production and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible-light irradiation are discussed. The PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction with band matching and tight interface bonding accelerates the intermolecular electron transfer and broadens the visible-light response range of the heterojunction. In addition, in the processes of the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 photocatalytic degradation reaction, a variety of active species (h+, ·O2-, and H2O2) were produced and accumulated. Therefore, the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance in the degradation of TC, PNP, and H2O2 production. Under visible-light irradiation, the optimum 30%PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 removed 90% of TC within 90 min. In addition, 30%PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 displayed the highest H2O2 evolution rate of 28.3 μmol·h-1·g-1, which was 2.9 and 1.6 times higher than those of PDI-Ala and S-C3N4, respectively. These results reveal that the all organic photocatalyst comprising PDI-based supramolecular and S-C3N4 can be efficiently applied for the degradation of organic pollutants and production of H2O2. This work not only provides a novel strategy for the design of all organic S-scheme heterojunctions but also provides a new insight and reference for understanding the structure–activity relationship of heterostructure catalysts with effective interface bonding.
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Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon compounds is a promising method for addressing energy shortages and environmental pollution. Considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring valid strategies to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Among various modification methods, the hybridization of different photocatalysts is effective for addressing the shortcomings of a single photocatalyst and enhancing its CO2 reduction performance. In addition, metal-free materials such as g-C3N4 and black phosphorus (BP) are attractive because of their unique structures and electronic properties. Many experimental results have verified the superior photocatalytic activity of a BP/g-C3N4 composite. However, theoretical understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of the activity enhancement is still lacking. Herein, the geometric structures, optical absorption, electronic properties, and CO2 reduction reaction processes of 2D/2D BP/g-C3N4 composite models are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The composite model consists of a monolayer of BP and a tri-s-triazine-based monolayer of g-C3N4. Based on the calculated work function, it is inferred that electrons transfer from g-C3N4 to BP owing to the higher Fermi level of g-C3N4 compared with that of BP. Furthermore, the charge density difference suggests the formation of a built-in electric field at the interface, which is conducive to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The optical absorption coefficient demonstrates that the light absorption of the composite is significantly higher than that of its single-component counterpart. Integrated analysis of the band edge potential and interfacial electronic interaction indicates that the migration of photogenerated charge carriers in the BP/g-C3N4 hybrid follows the S-scheme photocatalytic mechanism. Under visible-light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons on BP recombine with the photogenerated holes on g-C3N4, leaving photogenerated electrons and holes in the conduction band of g-C3N4 and the valence band of BP, respectively. Compared with pristine g-C3N4, this S-scheme heterojunction allows efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers while effectively preserving strong redox abilities. Additionally, the possible reaction path for CO2 reduction on g-C3N4 and BP/g-C3N4 is discussed by computing the free energy of each step. It was found that CO2 reduction on the composite occurs most readily on the g-C3N4 side. The reaction path on the composite is different from that on g-C3N4. The heterojunction reduces the maximum energy barrier for CO2 reduction from 1.48 to 1.22 eV, following the optimal reaction path. Consequently, the BP/g-C3N4 heterojunction is theoretically proven to be an excellent CO2 reduction photocatalyst. This work is helpful for understanding the effect of BP modification on the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4. It also provides a theoretical basis for the design of other high-performance CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
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通过水热反应合成了Sb2WO6改性的g-C3N4复合材料(Sb2WO6 /g-C3N4). 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 紫外-可见漫散射反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等表征了样品的性质. 结果表明, Sb2WO6在g-C3N4的表面上生长, 并且复合材料光吸收能力有一定的增强, 光生电子-空穴的重组率降低. 通过罗丹明B(RhB)的光降解评价了Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料的光催化性能. 结果表明, 模拟日光下Sb2WO6质量分数为10%的Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料在60 min内对RhB的降解率为99.3%, 高于纯g-C3N4和Sb2WO6. Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料的这种高度增强的光催化活性主要归因于强的界面相互作用促进了光生电子-空穴分离和迁移. 添加自由基清除剂的实验结果表明, ·O2-和h+是光催化反应中的主要活性物质. Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合材料在几个反应周期内表现出优异的稳定性. 根据实验结果提出了一种可能的Z型光催化机理. 相似文献
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以三聚氰胺作为合成g-C_3N_4纳米片的前躯体,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和KBr作为合成BiOBr的原料,采用水热法构建g-C_3N_4/Bi OBr二维异质结可见光催化剂,有效的晶面复合和合适的能带组合有助于增强g-C_3N_4和BiOBr的可见光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVvis DRS)等方法表征其结构、光学性质以及组成结构。在可见光(λ420 nm)下以光催化降解RhB来评价合成催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明,g-C_3N_4/BiOBr光催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的效率高于单体g-C_3N_4和BiOBr,并对g-C_3N_4/BiOBr增强可见光催化RhB机理进行解释。 相似文献
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近年来,随着工业化和城镇化的飞速发展,作为一种典型的空气污染物,NOx已经造成严重的环境问题,甚至威胁到人类的身体健康.为了解决这个问题,科研工作者研发了许多NOx去除技术,其中光催化技术被认为是一种能有效地去除空气中NOx的技术.作为一种廉价、无毒、热稳定性强、能带结构合适的光催化材料,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)能够有效的利用可见光,将NO光催化氧化为NO3^-.但是由于自身的光生载流子复合率较高,光谱响应范围较窄等缺点,g-C3N4不能有效的光催化去除空气中持续流动的低浓度NO,限制了其在光催化领域中的实际应用.因此,有必要合成出高催化活性、高光响应范围的S型复合光催化剂来克服以上光催化材料的不足.为此,我们利用超声辅助法制备了一系列的S型Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,呈现出优异的光催化活性:与其纯组分相比,所制备的15-Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂在可见光下照射30 min,可去除68%以上的持续流动的NO(初始浓度400 ppb),且五次循环实验后,Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂仍然具备良好的光催化活性和稳定性.透射电子显微镜结果清楚地表明,Sb2WO6颗粒已成功地均匀地负载到g-C3N4纳米片表面.紫外可见漫反射光谱的结果表明,Sb2WO6和g-C3N4的复合可以有效地提高对可见光的吸收能力.与纯g-C3N4样品相比,复合样的吸收带边具有明显的红移.光致发光光谱结果表明,在Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合半导体中,光生载流子的复合受到抑制.光电流与电阻抗分析可知,与纯Sb2WO6和g-C3N4相比较,在15-Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂中的光生载流子的迁移速率和分离效率较高.通过对样品的能带结构分析并已有参考文献,我们认为Sb2WO6和g-C3N4的接触边界形成了S型异质结,使光生载流子的转移速率更快,改善了光生电子-空穴对分离,而且增强可见光的利用效率,从而提高了光催化性能.自由基捕获实验结果证实,?O2^-主导了Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂去除NO反应,h^+也在一定程度上参与了光催化氧化NO的反应.通过原位红外光谱技术研究了Sb2WO6/g-C3N4光催化NO氧化的反应机理,研究发现,Sb2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂光催化去除是氧诱导的反应.具体反应机理是在可见光的驱动下,光催化剂表面的光生电子会与被吸附的O2反应生成?O2^-,并与光生h^+一起,共同将低浓度的NO光催化氧化为亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐.该研究有助于深入研究光催化氧化NO机理,并为设计高效光催化剂用于光催化氧化ppb级NO提供了一种极具前景的策略. 相似文献
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光催化氧化是一种应用前景良好的环境治理技术.与絮凝、物理吸附和化学氧化等常见的方法相比,光催化氧化具有环境友好、氧化完全、方便和廉价等优势.特别是可见光光催化氧化,可利用太阳能中占比最高的可见光,在应用中更具优势.因而,探索可见光响应性能优异的光催化剂一直是光催化氧化领域的一个重要研究内容.硒化铋(Bi2Se3)是一种带隙(带隙宽度在0.3~1.3 e V)非常窄的半导体,能吸收全部波长范围的可见光和近红外光.此外,Bi2Se3还具有独特的金属表面态,其表面具有良好的导电性.这些特性使其在可见光光催化氧化领域具有很大的应用潜力.然而,由于Bi2Se3价带位置高,氧化能力很弱,其价带上的空穴在光催化反应中难以被消耗,导致空穴大量累积,并迅速与光生电子复合,大幅降低了Bi2Se3的光催化性能.因此,一直以来,Bi2Se3很少被用于光催化反应.如何充分利用Bi2Se3的光响应优势,制备出性能优异的光催化剂,仍是具有挑战性和吸引力的研究方向.本文采用预先制备的Bi2O3/g-C3N4复合物作为前驱体,通过原位转化的方法,将前驱体置于热的Se蒸汽中,使前驱体上的Bi2O3与Se蒸汽反应,完全转化为Bi2Se3纳米颗粒,从而制得Bi2Se3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂(Bi2Se3含量约为4 wt%).透射电镜结果表明,所形成的Bi2Se3纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在g-C3N4表面.表面功函数分析发现,Bi2Se3与g-C3N4结合后,它们的费米能级分别由原来的-0.55和-0.18 e V变为平衡时的-0.22 e V,可形成指向g-C3N4的内建电场,有利于形成梯型(S型)异质结.在此基础上,能级位移、荧光分析、结构计算和反应自由基测试等结果表明,Bi2Se3和g-C3N4之间形成了S型异质结.在可见光光催化降解苯酚的实验中,所制备的Bi2Se3/g-C3N4复合物的光催化活性明显优于单一的Bi2Se3和g-C3N4.结合比表面、孔结构、光吸收和荧光等对比分析,认为Bi2Se3/g-C3N4的这种S型异质结构在其光催化活性增强中起到了关键作用.在光照条件下,其g-C3N4导带中光生电子向Bi2Se3的价带迁移,并与光生空穴复合,从而使Bi2Se3导带上可保留更多的高活性光生电子参与光催化反应,由此Bi2Se3/g-C3N4的光催化活性增强.循环性能测试和光还原实验结果表明,所制备的Bi2Se3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂具有良好的稳定性.本文工作为高可见光吸收的光催化剂制备和性能增强提供了新途径和新视野. 相似文献
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Jing Zou Guodong Liao Jizhou Jiang Zhiguo Xiong Saishuai Bai Haitao Wang Pingxiu Wu Peng Zhang Xin Li 《结构化学》2022,41(1):25-33
The rational construction of a high-efficiency stepscheme heterojunctions is an effective strategy to accelerate the photocatalytic H2.Unfortunately,the variant energy-level matching between two different semiconductor confers limited the photocatalytic performance.Herein,a newfangled graphitic-carbon nitride(g-C3N4)based isotype step-scheme heterojunction,which consists of sulfur-doped and defective active sites in one microstructural unit,is successfully developed by in-situ polymerizing N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and urea,accompanied by sulfur(S)powder.Therein,the polymerization between the amino groups of DMF and the amide group of urea endows the formation of rich defects.The propulsive integration of S-dopants contributes to the excellent fluffiness and dispersibility of lamellar g-C3N4.Moreover,the developed heterojunction exhibits a significantly enlarged surface area,thus leading to the more exposed catalytically active sites.Most importantly,the simultaneous introduction of S-doping and defects in the units of g-C3N4 also results in a significant improvement in the separation,transfer and recombination efficiency of photo-excited electron-hole pairs.Therefore,the resulting isotype step-scheme heterojunction possesses a superior photocatalytic H2 evolution activity in comparison with pristine g-C3N4.The newly afforded metal-free isotype step-scheme heterojunction in this work will supply a new insight into coupling strategies of heteroatoms doping and defect engineering for various photocatalytic systems. 相似文献
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通过半导体催化剂利用太阳能分解水制氢被认为是解决人类面临的环境问题和能源危机的有效途径.在众多的半导体光催化剂中,TiO2由于其良好的光化学稳定性、无毒性、丰富的形貌以及低廉的价格,在光催化制氢领域备受关注.然而TiO2的内在缺陷,如较宽的带隙、较窄的光响应范围,光生电子空穴对的快速复合,极大限制了其太阳能制氢效率.构建异质结结构被认为是解决以上问题的一个有效方法,通过将TiO2与另一个半导体复合可以提升催化剂对太阳光的吸收范围,也可降低光生电子空穴对的复合速率.但构建一个成功的异质结结构不仅要满足上述的要求,还需要保留异质结催化剂体系中光生电子和空穴的氧化还原能力.研究表明,S型异质结是将两个具有合适能带结构的半导体进行耦合,由于费米能级的差异,两个半导体间将发生电子转移,从而引起能带弯曲并形成内建电场.光照条件下,具有较弱还原能力的光生电子在内建电场和能带弯曲的作用下与较弱氧化能力的光生空穴复合,实现异质结催化剂体系中各个半导体内部光生载流子有效分离的目标,同时保留了异质结催化剂体系中较强氧化能力和较强还原能力的光生电子和空穴,进而实现光催化活性的提高.本文采用水热合成方法,将具有更强还原能力和可见光响应特性的半导体(ZnIn2S4)原位生长在TiO2纳米纤维表面,构建了1D/2DTiO2/ZnIn2S4S型异质结光催化剂.最优比例的TiO2/ZnIn2S4复合材料表现出优越的光催化制氢活性(6.03mmol/h/g),分别是纯TiO2和纯ZnIn2S4制氢活性的3.7倍和2倍.TiO2/ZnIn2S4复合材料光催化活性的提高可以归因于紧密的异质结界面、光生载流子的有效分离、丰富的反应活性位点以及增强的光吸收能力.通过原位XPS和DFT计算研究了异质结内部光生电子的转移机制.结果表明,在光照条件下电子由TiO2向ZnIn2S4迁移,遵循了S型异质结内部电子的转移机制,实现了TiO2和ZnIn2S4内部光生载流子的有效分离,同时保留了具有较强还原能力的ZnIn2S4价带电子和较强氧化能力的TiO2导带空穴,从而显著提升光催化制氢效率.综上,本文制备的TiO2/ZnIn2S4S型异质结光催化剂很好地克服了TiO2在光催化制氢领域所面临的诸多障碍,为设计和制备高效异质结光催化剂提供了新的思路. 相似文献
15.
Solar photocatalytic technology is of great significance for adjusting energy structure and environmental improvement. Developing an efficient and low-cost photocatalyst is key to realizing the conversion of solar to chemical energy. In this study, α-Fe2O3-modified few-layer g-C3N4 hybrids (α-Fe2O3/FL g-C3N4) were successfully prepared by a two-step calcination route with a mixture of α-Fe2O3 and melamine. The samples were characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, UV–Vis absorption spectrum, photoluminescence, and Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy; furthermore, their photoelectrochemical measurements and their photocatalytic performances were evaluated by visible light-driven hydrogen evolution and degradation of RhB. The results showed that the hydrogen production activity and degradation ability of α-Fe2O3/FL g-C3N4 were significantly enhanced compared with those of α-Fe2O3 / multilayer g-C3N4 (α-Fe2O3/ML g-C3N4) and FL g-C3N4. The enhanced photoactivities were mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the increased visible-light absorption, enhanced surface area, and highly efficient electron transfer and separation on the Z-type heterojunction interface. This work not only provides evidence for the formation of FL g-C3N4 nanosheets using a thermal exfoliation method but also provides new insights into the interfacial charge carrier dynamics of Z-scheme α-Fe2O3/FL g-C3N4 heterostructures for photocatalytic H2 generation and pollutant degradation. 相似文献
16.
随着工业技术的飞速发展,大量有机污染物被应用于生活的各个领域,由此带来了严重的环境问题。众所周知,半导体光催化技术是一种有效且环境友好的降解去除典型污染物的方法,而光催化剂在该技术的应用中起着关键作用。因此,在光催化污染物降解领域,人们已经尝试研究了各种半导体材料。其中石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)是近年来公认的“明星”材料之一。因其独特的二维层状结构和良好的可见光响应而引起了人们的极大兴趣。由于带隙较窄(~2.7 eV)、能带结构可调以及良好的物理化学稳定性,g-C3N4对太阳光谱的吸收可达450 nm,具有一定的可见光光催化性能。然而,g-C3N4在去除抗生素和染料方面的降解效率仍然存在不足,例如光生电荷的快速复合以及空穴的氧化能力弱等。为了优化这种有前景的光催化材料,人们尝试了多种方法来改善g-C3N4的电子能带结构,例如金属/非金属元素掺杂、形貌调控和官能团修饰等。最近,人们提出了由两种N型半导体光催化剂组成的梯形异质结理念,它可以利用半导体材料更正的价带和更负的导带。相关结果表明,构筑梯形异质结是提高g-C3N4光催化活性的最有效方法之一。因此,本文通过简单的原位溶剂热生长法制备了新型0D/2D Bi4V2O11/g-C3N4梯形异质结光催化剂。Bi4V2O11/g-C3N4复合材料对去除土霉素(OTC)和活性红染料展示出了优异的光催化活性。尤其是BVCN-50复合材料对OTC和活性红的降解效率高达74.1%和84.2%,该过程的主要活性物种为·O2-。大幅增强的光催化性能归因于Bi4V2O11和g-C3N4之间形成的梯形异质结保持了光催化体系的强氧化还原能力(Bi4V2O11的强氧化能力和g-C3N4的强还原能力),并促进了光生电荷的空间分离。此外,金属Bi0的表面等离子共振效应可以拓宽异质结系统的光吸收范围。此外,基于高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)分析,我们研究了OTC降解过程中可能的中间体和降解路径。这项工作为设计和制备g-C3N4基梯形异质结用于抗生素和活性染料降解提供了一种新的策略。 相似文献
17.
水污染对人类健康和生态环境造成了严重的危害,引起了人们广泛关注.半导体光催化技术被认为是一种去除废水中有机污染物的有效方法.近年来,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)作为一种无金属的光催化剂,具有合适的带隙能(Eg≈2.7eV)、良好的化学稳定性、较好的热稳定性、无毒以及强的还原电位(ECB≈-1.3eV)等特点,表现出较好的光催化活性.但由于g-C3N4光生载流子复合快和量子效率低,限制了其实际应用.因此,研究者们开发了各种有效的方法来克服上述缺点,如调控形貌、掺杂离子、沉积贵金属和构建异质结等.其中,构建梯型(S型)异质结已被证实是提高复合材料光催化活性的一种有效策略.S型异质结的形成不仅有效地加速光生电子和空穴的分离和迁移,而且还增强了光生载流子的氧化还原能力.除了电子结构外,异质结的界面电阻直接影响着光生载流子的分离效率,从而决定光催化活性强弱.据报道,具有高导电性的"电子传递介质"或"电子桥"可有效地降低载流子迁移过程中的界面阻力.过渡金属磷化物具有优良的导电性、低廉的价格和无毒的特性,完全满足电子桥的要求,成为电子桥的最佳候选材料之一.结合S型异质结和电子桥的优势,本文采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一种新型的S型BiOBr/Ni2P/g-C3N4异质结.在可见光(λ≥400 nm)下,该催化剂对甲基橙和罗丹明B的降解活性明显优越于BiOBr/g-C3N4.这主要归因于电子桥Ni2P和S型异质结的协同效应.密度泛函理论计算表明,电子从BiOBr通过电子桥Ni2P转移到g-C3N4.在可见光照射下以及界面内建电场的驱动下,带边缘弯曲和库仑相互作用协同促进了复合物中相对无用的电子和空穴的重组,从而保留了较强氧化还原能力的电子和空穴.活性氧捕获实验、电子顺磁共振光谱和电流-电压曲线结果进一步证明,光催化剂中的电荷迁移方式遵循S型异质结的迁移机制.综上,本文不仅为S型光催化剂的设计提供了有效策略,也为界面载流子的快速分离和迁移提供了切实可行的途径. 相似文献
18.
Construction of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/TiO2 nanorod composites for promoting photocatalytic activity
Direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/TiO2 nanorod composites were prepared for enhancing photocatalytic activity for pollutant removal. The characterization revealed that the g-C3N4/TiO2 nanorod composite formed a close interface contact between g-C3N4 and TiO2 nanorods, which was of benefit for the charge transfer and resulted in its high photocatalytic activity. The g-C3N4/TiO2 nanorod composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B (RHB) than bare g-C3N4 and TiO2 nanorods. The high photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/TiO2 nanorod composites is attributed to the formation of the direct Z-scheme system, in which the electrons from the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 combine with the holes from the valence band (VB) of C3N4 while the electrons from the CB of C3N4 and holes from the VB of TiO2 with stronger redox ability are used to reduce and oxidize pollutants. Based on the radical-trapping experiments, the main reactive species for RHB degradation are O2− and · OH, which are produced by photoinduced electrons and holes with high redox ability. This work provides insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of composite materials for the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants. 相似文献
19.
氢气因其具有高燃烧热、可再生性以及燃烧产物无污染等优势被认为是一种绿色可再生能源,是取代化石燃料的候选能源之一.然而,如何利用自然界中丰富的太阳能和水资源实现光分解水制氢的关键在于开发高效的光催化剂.在尺寸明确、能级带隙匹配的纳米材料间进行完美的界面复合(异质结构筑)是实现高效太阳能-氢能转换的最佳途径.石墨相氮化碳(CN)材料因其电子结构可调和化学性能稳定等特性被光催化界所关注.然而,氮化碳材料较弱的电学性能如电荷传输能力差及电子-空穴对复合率高导致其表现出较低的光催化制氢效率.基于此,我们用盐酸对氮化碳进行质子化处理,使材料表面电荷发生改变,从而实现氮化碳的电子带隙调节和电导率提升.在此基础上,将二维碳化钛原位负载于质子化的氮化碳(PCN)纳米片表面构筑肖特基结.PCN纳米片与碳化钛纳米片间的良好界面接触促进了电荷在材料界面上传输,进而加速了氮化碳材料的电荷分离,实现了氮化碳光催化剂活性的提升.Zeta电位测试结果显示,CN和PCN的表面电位分别为?9.5和27.3 mV,表明质子化处理可以有效改变材料表面电荷,并促其与碳化钛纳米片进行静电组装.该结果进一步得到了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的证实.改变表面电荷使氮化碳材料的能带宽度由2.53 eV(CN)减小到2.41 eV(PCN),增强了可见光区吸收.同时,PCN的光电流密度提升了约4倍,电子阻抗和激发态电子的辐射复合都显著降低.将PCN与碳化钛复合制得复合材料(PCN-x,x=10,20,40),实验结果表明5 g的PDN最佳负载碳化钛的量为20 mg(PCN-20).在标准太阳模拟器的可见光区(>420 nm),复合材料PCN-20的光催化水分解产氢量可达2181μmol·g-1,是CN催化剂的约5.5倍,PCN的2.7倍,并且经过5次产氢循环后PCN-20仍具有稳定的氢气释放速率.以上结果表明,氮化碳材料可以通过质子化处理以及与适量的碳化钛复合实现光催化产氢性能的提升,其中碳化钛在体系中起助催化剂的作用.该研究结果可为其他半导体光催化剂的性能优化以及非贵金属助催化剂的研究提供新思路. 相似文献