ВЛИЯНИЕ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА Ч УВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ФОТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ЭМУ ЛЬСИИ

- gr, -, . - , - . , , .     

Double quantum transitions in paramagnetic resonance

The theory of double quantum transitions of the M=±2 type, with regard to inhomogeneously broadened spin systems is studied in this paper with the approximation ²T₂T₃ 1. We suppose that the inhomogeneous broadening is formed by an inhomogeneous crystal field. The obtained results describe the magnitude of absorption as a function of the h.f. power and also describe the shape of the absorption curve. It is demonstrated that in inhomogeneously broadened spin systems the absorption curve of double quantum transitions has the form of the difference of two different Lorentz's curves and that at the saturation ( ²T₂T₁ 1) the absorption increases with the cube of the h.f. field intensity. The shape of the curves is expressed by means of phenomenological relaxation constants of the system.

---

M=±2 ²T₂T₃ 1. , - . . , ( ²T₂T₁ 1) . .

     

Ermüdungserscheinungen der infrarotbestrahlten Silber-Cäsium-Photokathoden

Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden die Erscheinungen der normalen und anomalen, durch Infrarotstrahlung verursachten und von uns schon früher an diesen Photokatoden beobachteten Ermüdung von Silber-Cäsium-Photokathoden untersucht. Diese Erscheinungen wurden an durchsichtigen sowie undurchsichtigen, durch verschiedene Technologien zubereiteten Photokathoden festgestellt. Es wurden Messungen der Strahlungsintensitäts-, Temperatur- und Spektralverteilungsabhängigkeit der normalen und anomalen Ermüdung durchgeführt. Es werden die Ursachen der Unübereinstimmigkeit im Vergleich mit Arbeiten von De Boer und Teves besprochen. Ferner wurden die Zeitverläufe der Ermüdung bei der Abwechslung der Bestrahlungs- und Dunkelzyklen studiert.

---

-

, , . , . , . . .

     

An attempt at a phenomenological interpretation of the influence of a polarizing field on piezoelectric resonators

The change in frequency of quartz piezoelectric resonators in a d-c electric polarizing field cannot be explained merely by a change in the dimensions of the resonator due to the polarizing field caused by the inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostriction. We are forced to admit that the elastic constants also change in a polarizing field. A phenomenological interpretation of the influence of a d-c electric polarizing field on the frequency of quartz resonators is proposed here, based on newly introduced quantities characterizing such a change. In conclusion it is shown in what way the quantities, on which the phenomenological theory is based, can be determined experimentally.

---

, . , . , , . , , .

---

---

The author would like to thank Dr. J. Tichý for carefully reading the paper, for valuable discussion and numerous remarks on style and subject matter, which greatly helped to improve the text. He is also indebted to V. Janovec, C. Sc., for some new aspects and the exceptional interest with which he reviewed the paper.     

К ТЕОРИИ СПОНТАННОЙ Н АМАГНИЧЕННОСТИ ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ. II. ЧАСТЬ)

- , . - . - - . , . 1956 .     

Decay of the Bethe–Salpeter Kernel and Bound States for Lattice Classical Ferromagnetic Spin Systems at High Temperature

We consider lattice classical ferromagnetic spin systems at high temperature (1) with nearest neighbor interactions and even single-spin distributions (ssd). Associated with each system is an imaginary time lattice quantum field theory. It is known that there is a particle of mass m–ln in the energy-momentum spectrum. If s ⁴–3s ²²<0, where s ^k is the kth moment of the ssd, and is sufficiently small, we show that in the two-particle subspace there is no mass spectrum up to 2m. For >0 we show that the only mass spectrum in (m, 2m) is a bound state of mass m _b=2m+ln(1–)+O(), where =(+2s ²²)^–1. A bound on the decay of the kernel of a Bethe–Salpeter equation is obtained and used to prove these results.     

Systematic study of muon transfer to sulphur dioxide

In a systematic study of the transfer process to sulphur dioxide, in seven different H₂ + SO₂ gas mixtures, the time spectra of the muonic sulphur X-rays yield muon transfer rates to the SO₂ molecule, deduced from the lifetimes of the p atoms, which agree all well with each other. The muonic oxygen time spectra show an additional structure as if p atoms of another kind were present. Reduced transfer rates_O are reproducible if one uses the model of ephemeral p atoms. The intensity ratios between the different kinds of p atoms are also discussed in the framework of this model and the one of black and white p atoms.     

Contribution to the theory of single-mode laser modulation II. Conduction modulation

The problem of conduction modulation of laser radiation is considered. It is shown that acoustic wave interacting with photon field in active medium causes a periodic modulation of the number of quanta in the single-mode gas laser. The problem of modulation is solved quantum mechanically and it is shown that dielectric and conduction modulation give similar results.     

Crossover behaviour in random uniaxial ferromagnets with dipolar interactions

The crossover behaviour of random uniaxial ferromagnets with dipolar interactions is studied by a numerical solution of the renormalization group equations. It is found that as a function of temperature the crossover from pure behaviour to asymptotic random behaviour stretches over many decades on the temperature scale and is practically unobservable. However the effective critical exponent becomes nonuniversal for observable temperature distances from the critical point and depends on the impurity concentration. We also predict a similar nonuniversal behaviour for the measurable four spin coupling in these systems.     

The physical properties of linear and action-angle coordinates in classical and quantum mechanics

The quantum harmonic oscillator is described in terms of two basic sets of coordinates: linear coordinates x, p_x and angular coordinates eⁱ, P (action-angle variables). The angular coordinate eⁱ is assumed unitary, the conjugate momentum p is assumed Hermitian, and eⁱ and p are assumed to be a canonical pair. Two transformations are defined connecting the angular coordinates to the linear coordinates. It is found that x, p_x can be physical, i.e., Hermitian and canonical, only under constraints on the p eigenvalue spectrum. The conclusion is that eⁱ can be a unitary operator. A parallel analysis of the classical harmonic oscillator is done with equivalent results.     

Domain structure of cobalt whiskers

An experimental investigation is made into the domain structure of cobalt whiskers by the colloid technique. A new type of domain structure was found; the width of the domains is studied as a function of the thickness of the whisker. This dependence follows a two-thirds power law and does not agree with existing theories which predict a half power law.

---

. . , .

---

---

In conclusion the authors wish to thank V. Janovec and F. Kroupa for valuable remarks and A. Tahalová for help in growing the whiskers.     

A Note on the Time Development of Quantum Lattice Systems

The time development of quantum lattice systems is studied without any restrictions on the growth condition of the potential . A thermodynamic limit of quantum Gibbs state, a *-algebra and an automorphism group _t for which is a KMS state are constructed.     

Existence of three phases for aP(ϕ)2 model of quantum field

In the two-dimensional model of the quantum field theory with lagrangean density :()²–(–)^{21/2 4}–⁶: there exist (at least) three different phases for small and some ().     

Diffusion in a one-dimensional gas of hard point particles

We simulate the classical diffusion of a particle of massM in an infinite one-dimensional system of hard point particles of massm in equilibrium. Each computer run corresponds to about 10⁸ collisions of the diffusive particle. We find that (t) 1/t fort large enough, and a crossover from an M m regime where=2 to=3 forM=m. The diffusion constant has a sharp maximum atM=m. We study moments x(t)² and x(t)⁴, and examine the behavior ofq ² (t)=x(t)⁴/3x(t)²². We find thatq(t)1 (consistent with a normal distribution) in theM limit (for all timest) and in the t limit for allM. On sabbatical leave from IVIC-Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas.     

A note on the Watanabe theory of weak interactions

It is shown that according to the Watanabe theory of weak interactions a resonant scattering of electrons by protons must take place. The resonant energy depends on the massm _B of the intermediate boson. Form _B=2300m _e this energy is about 213 MeV in the centre of the mass system (c. m. s.). The energy width at resonance is 1·4 MeV.

---

, . , , . _{m B}=2300_{m B} , 213 MeV -. 1,4 MeV.

---

---

The author would like to thank Professor V. Votruba for suggesting this note and for valuable advice and help during the work.     

Zur Temperaturabhängigkeit einiger Kenngrössen der Verfestigungskurven von Zinkeinkristallen

Zusammenfassung Es werden Ergebnisse beschrieben über die Temperaturabhängigkeit: der kritischen Schubspannung ₀, des Verfestigungskoeffizienten _A , im BereichA der Verfestigungskurve; des Verfestigungskoeffizienten _B im BereichB, der Längea _A des BereichsA und der Schubspannung _A am Ende des BereichsA. Die kritische Schubspannung wächst im Temperaturbereich 225–344°K linear mit abnehmender Temperatur. Der Temperaturverlauf des Verfestigungskoeffizienten _A , stimmt überein mit älteren Messungen an h.k.p. Metallen. Ähnlich verhält sich der Verfestigungskoeffizient _B . Die Schubspannung am Ende des BereichsA wird durch thermisch aktivierte Vorgänge beeinflußt. Der BereichA verkürzt sich im Temperaturbereich 0–85°C linear mit zunehmender Temperatur. Temperaturwechselversuche zeigen, daß im BereichB thermisch irreversible Änderungen in der Versetzungsstruktur auftreten.

---

: ₀, _A , _B , _{A A} . 226 344°K . _A . _B . . 0–85°C . , .

---

---

Herrn Dr. F. Kroupa und Ing. B. esták bin ich für das Durchlesen des Manuskripts sowie wertvolle Hinweise zu Dank verpflichtet. Mein besonderer Dank für zahlreiche fruchtbare Diskusionen und Anregungen gilt Herrn P. Kratochvíl. Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Seeger danke ich ganz besonders für Kritik des Manuskripts und wertvolle Ratschläge.     

The influence of plastic deformation on the magnetostriction constant of nickel

The magnetostriction constant of nickel was measured as a function of plastic deformation up to an elongation of 30%. The values of the magnetostriction constant in deformed samples deviate considerably, a fact which cannot be explained by errors of measurement. The absolute value of the magnetostriction constant decreases with increasing plastic deformation (by around 5%).

---

30% . , . ( 5%).

---

---

In conclusion the authors thank J. Kaczér, C. Sc. and B. esták, C. Sc. for carefully reading the paper and for their remarks, J. Míová for help in the measurements and workers of the chemical department of our Institute for careful preparation of the samples.     

A possible test of quantum electrodynamics by means of polarization effects in electron-nucleon scattering

The differential cross-section is given for the electromagnetic scattering of polarized relativistic electrons on polarized nucleons. The finite size of each particle is taken into account by means of two form-factors. The effect of the possible non-punctiform structure of the electron on the polarization effects in scattering is discussed. It is shown that the internal structure of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron would show itself in the cross-section by terms depending on the transversal polarization of the incident electrons.

---

. . . , , .

---

---

Summary of results of a diploma-thesis for the degree of graduate physicist.

---

In conclusion the author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to prof. V. Votruba and J. Kvasnica for suggesting this problem, for helpful discussions and valuable advice.     

New two-color dimer models with critical ground states

We define two new models on the square lattice in which each allowed configuration is a superposition of a covering by white dimers and one by black dimers. Each model maps to a solid-on-solid (SOS) model in which the height field is two dimensional. Measuring the stiffness of the SOS fluctuations in the rough phase provides critical exponents of the dimer models. Using this height representation, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations. They confirm that each dimer model has critical correlations and belongs to a new universality class. In the dimer-loop model (which maps to a loop model) one height component is smooth, but has unusual correlated fluctuations; the other height component is rough. In the noncrossing-dimer model the heights are rough, having two different elastic constants; an unusual form of its elastic theory implies anisotropic critical correlations.     

ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕ СКОГО ДИПОЛЯ НАД ГРАН ИЦЕЙ ДВУХ СРЕД

, , . , - - . - . -, - , . , - ; , , .