基于应变锗空穴双量子点的可调耦合和自旋阻塞研究

应变锗空穴量子点是实现超大规模量子计算最有前景的平台之一.由于锗空穴不受超精细相互作影响，有着较长的自旋弛豫时间和量子退相干时间，且锗中本征的强旋轨道耦合和空穴载流子的低有效质量，使得全电场操控空穴自旋量子比特得以实现，极大地降低了器件加工难度，增加了量子点的可扩展性.本文介绍了一种使用应变锗异质结制备重叠栅空穴双量子点器件的方法，完成了应变锗异质结性质测量，空穴双量子点器件制作，单量子点输运性质和双量子点输运性质研究，双量子点耦合可研究调节性研究，以及外磁场存在下的漏电流性质研究和泡利自旋阻塞解除机制的研究.这些工作为未来实现高质量自旋量子比特制备和高保真度量子逻辑门操控提供了实验平台和基本参数.     

Wetting Layer Effect on Optical Gain of Strained CdTe/ZnTe Pyramidal Quantum Dots

The optical properties of strained CdTe/ZnTe pyramidal quantum dots （QDs） are investigated as a function of the wetting layer thickness using an eight-band strain-dependent k.p Hamiltonian. The ground-state subband energies in the conduction and valence bands rapidly decreases with the increasing wetting layer thickness. This is attributed to the reduction of subband energies in both the conduction and the valence bands due to the strain effect. The optical gain peak on the shorter wavelength side decreases with the increasing wetting layer thickness. On the other hand, the gain peak on the longer wavelength side is nearly independent of the wetting layer thickness. The decrease in the gain peak on the shorter wavelength side is related to the decrease in matrix elements corresponding to transitions between higher subbands such as （3, 4） and （4, 3）.     

Laser-Patterned Carbon-Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots for Flexible Nanozyme-Based Fluoride Sensor

Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs)-based colorimetric sensors are typically solution-based and hence incompatible with wearable electronics. Today's competitive technology demands safe and reliable, high-performance sensors suitable for integration with sophisticated electronics—all at a low cost. Herein, a flexible and reusable solid-state fluoride ion sensor manufactured by combining the intriguing surface properties of laser-patterned carbon (LP-C) with the sensitivity of g-CNQDs is reported. LP-C is obtained by direct IR-laser writing onto polyimide films, and g-CNQDs are synthesized via a solvent-free and zero-waste green process. The hybrid of LP-C and g-CNQDs (g-CNQDs/LP-C), mimics the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase and oxidizes the chromogenic substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of H₂O₂ in acidic media. The highly selective and user-friendly nanozyme sensors feature a lower limit of detection of 0.568 ± 0.006  × 10⁻⁶ m (23.8 ± 1.5 µg L⁻¹) with linearity in the range of 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 100  × 10⁻⁶ m . A sensing mechanism based on the electronic transitions of g-CNQDs and LP-C, the two variants of nitrogen-containing carbon used in this work, is established. Finally, the device is tested for fluoride ion sensing in natural water samples collected from the Uhl river in Mandi, India.     

Energy Spectrum of Charge Carriers in Elastically Strained Assemblies of Ge/Si Quantum Dots

The results of studying the energy spectrum of electrons and holes localized in second-type Ge/Si heterostructures with Ge quantum dots are presented. In such structures, holes are localized at Ge quantum dots, and electrons, in three-dimensional quantum wells, which form in Si at the Ge—Si interface because of inhomogeneous deformations that appear as a result of the difference between the Ge and Si lattice constants. It is shown that changes in the deformations in the assembly of quantum dots as a result of a variation in their spatial arrangement significantly changes the binding energy of electrons, the position of their localization at quantum dots, the binding energy and wave-function symmetry of holes at double quantum dots (artificial molecules), and the exchange interaction of electrons and holes in the exciton composition. A practically important result of the presented data is the development of approaches to increase the luminescence quantum efficiency and the absorption coefficient in assemblies of quantum dots.     

基于氮化碳量子点和金纳米簇的尿液中胰蛋白酶高灵敏度荧光检测研究

胰蛋白酶生产障碍会阻碍消化过程,在胰腺组织以外产生胰蛋白酶可能涉及癌症过程。胰蛋白酶明显增高可能表明胰腺炎或者慢性肾功能衰竭等病症的发生,它的含量与生命活动息息相关,简单并及时监测胰蛋白酶含量对疾病的诊断具有重要的参考价值。因此,该研究构建氮化碳量子点和金纳米簇（CNQDs和AuNCs）的复合纳米探针检测尿液中胰蛋白酶含量。通过煅烧三聚氰胺获得氮化碳粉末,并将氮化碳粉末作为原材料通过溶剂热法合成了发射峰在440 nm的类石墨相氮化碳量子点（CNQDs）。牛血清蛋白（BSA）和CNQDs两者同时作为还原剂和稳定剂合成了金纳米簇（AuNCs）,且AuNCs吸附在氮化碳量子点表面形成具有双发射性质的CNQD-AuNCs复合荧光纳米材料,发射波长分别为440 nm（CNQD的发射波长）和650 nm（AuNC的发射波长）。由于胰蛋白酶能特异性的水解CNQD-AuNCs中的牛血清蛋白,导致牛血清蛋白结构被破坏,从而破坏AuNCs稳定的结构,使得其沉淀聚集,引起荧光猝灭。由于AuNCs产生的650 nm处的荧光被猝灭,而CNQDs产生的440 nm处的荧光不受影响,CNQD-AuNCs复合荧光纳米探针产生比率型荧光信号响应。利用比率型荧光信号的变化情况,可实现胰蛋白酶的定量检测。CNQD-AuNCs探针在650 nm处的荧光强度随着胰蛋白酶浓度的增加而逐渐下降,而440 nm处的荧光强度保持不变。胰蛋白酶在一定浓度下（10～400 ng·mL-1）与荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）呈良好的线性关系,建立的线性方程为y=2.471-0.004x[y为荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）,x为胰蛋白酶的浓度（ng·mL-1）],相关系数（R2）高达0.997 6,检测限为1.5 ng·mL-1（3倍信噪比）。利用建立的荧光法检测尿液中胰蛋白酶（实际含量分别为50,100和150 ng·mL-1）,检测得到的平均含量分别为52.41,103.25和154.39 ng·mL-1。尿液中胰蛋白酶的回收率和相对标准偏差范围分别为102.93%～104.82%和3.57%～4.16%。结果表明,利用荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）作为胰蛋白酶定量检测的信号,能够校正外界影响因素的干扰,克服单一荧光信号易受光漂白、探针浓度、激发光强度以及光程等外界因素的影响的缺点。基于CNQD-AuNCs建立的比率型荧光分析方法能够实现尿液中胰蛋白酶的高灵敏度和高特异性检测,为实际样品中胰蛋白酶的检测提供科学依据。     

Photochromic Quantum Dots

Russian Physics Journal - Results of fundamental and applied research in the field of creating photochromic core-shell type nanoparticles in which semiconductor nanocrystals – quantum dots...     

Graphene Quantum Dots

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanometer‐sized fragments of graphene that show unique properties, which makes them interesting candidates for a whole range of new applications. This review article gives an overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of GQDs. Synthesis methods discussed include top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Properties such as luminescence up‐ and down‐conversion have been used in applications ranging from energy conversion to bio‐analytics. This article provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and highlights promising findings as well as potential future directions of the research field.     

CdS量子点超声水相制备、表征及与萘的相互作用

在室温条件下,用超声水相制备CdS量子点(QDs),并用透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法等手段表征.探讨了初始pH、反应物配比、超声时间、熟化时间等因素对CdS量子点制备的影响.初步研究了该方法制备的CdS量子点与萘的相互作用,线性范围为0.002-0.025mg/mL,r<'2>=0.9965.CdS量子...     

Fluorinated Boron Nitride Quantum Dots: A New 0D Material for Energy Conversion and Detection of Cellular Metabolism

Quantum dots encompass a broad spectrum of optical, catalytic, and electrochemical properties bringing in novel applications in catalysis, imaging, displays, and optoelectronics. Herein, the unanticipated broad‐spectrum light absorption and high fluorescence quantum yield in fluorinated boron nitride (FBN) quantum dots are discussed. A heterostructure of FBN quantum dots with a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, titania nanotube arrays, exhibits high photocatalytic activity as evidenced by high external quantum efficiency extending from ultraviolet to green region of the solar spectrum (≈24% at 400 nm). The high activity is confirmed using photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution experiments. Further, it is demonstrated that high fluorescence quantum yield could be tapped for the detection of glycolytic activity in cancer cells compared to normal cells. This finding could shift the paradigm of molecular detection using quantum dots. The 0D structure and the gap states introduced through fluorination are believed to be responsible for these unprecedented characteristics of boron nitride.     

Optical Properties of Strained Wurtzite GaN/Al0.15 Ga0.85 N Cylindrical Quantum Dots: Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure

在有效质量近似下,考虑强的内建电场和应变对材料参量的影响,变分研究了流体静压力对有限高势垒应变纤锌矿GaN/Al0.15Ga0.85 N柱形量子点中重空穴激子的结合能、发光波长和电子空穴复合率的影响.数值结果表明,激子结合能和电子空穴复合率随流体静压力的增大而近线性增大,发光波长随流体静压力的增大而单调减小.在量子点尺寸较小的情况下,流体静压力对激子结合能和电子空穴复合率的影响更明显.由于应变效应,为了获得有效的电子-空穴复合过程,GaN量子点的高度必须小于5.5 nm.     

以S-K和V-W模式生长ZnCdSe和ZnSeS量子点及其特性

用低压金属有机化学气相外延(LP-MOCVD)技术,以Stranski Krastanow(S-K)模式,在GaAs衬底上生长了CdSe和ZnCdSe量子点(QDs)。用原子力显微镜(AFM),观测到了外延层低于临界厚度时,CdSe自组装量子点的形成过程,并把其机理归结为表面扩散效应和应变弛豫效应的联合作用。依据理论计算外延层临界厚度值的指导,用LP-MOCVD技术在GaAs衬底上生长了ZnCdSe量子点,详细观测了ZnCdSe量子点的形成和演变,这些过程可用Ostwald熟化过程和形成过程的联合作用来解释。用LP-MOCVD技术,以Volmer Weber(V-W)模式,在GaAs衬底上生长了ZnSeS量子点,随着生长时间的增加,量子点尺寸增大,而量子点密度减少,这些现象可用表面自由能来解释。     

Electron Spins in Quantum Dots as Quantum Bits

The creation, coherent manipulation, and measurement of spins in nanostructures open up completely new possibilities for electronics and information processing, among them quantum computing and quantum communication. We review our theoretical proposal for using electron spins in quantum dots as quantum bits, explaining why this scheme satisfies all the essential requirements for quantum computing. We include a discussion of the recent measurements of surprisingly long spin coherence times in semiconductors. Quantum gate mechanisms in laterally and vertically tunnel-coupled quantum dots and methods for single-spin measurements are introduced. We discuss detection and transport of electronic EPR pairs in normal and superconducting systems.     

应变纤锌矿ZnO/MgxZn1-xO盘形量子点中的离子施主束缚激子态

在有效质量近似下,计算了盘形量子点中离子施主束缚激子的结合能、光跃迁能、振子强度及辐射寿命.设盘形量子点由有限长的柱形ZnO材料组成,四周被Mgx Zn1xO包围,离子施主局域在盘轴.考虑了由于自发极化和压电极化引起的内建电场效应,并在有限深约束势下采用合适的变分波函数进行.计算结果表明,量子盘结构参数(盘高度及垒中Mg组分)和离子施主的位置对离子施主束缚激子的结合能、光跃迁能、振子强度及辐射寿命有强烈的影响.随着盘高度的增加,结合能、光跃迁能和振子强度减小,而辐射寿命增加.对含Mg量较高的盘形量子点,盘高度对结合能、光跃迁能、振子强度及辐射寿命的影响更显著.当施主杂质位于量子点的左界面附近时结合能(光跃迁能)有极大(极小)值,而当施主杂质位于量子点的右界面附近时结合能(光跃迁能)有极小(极大)值.     

Influence of Mg Composition on Optical Properties of Exciton Confinement in Strained Wurtzite ZnO/MgxZn1-xO Cylindrical Quantum Dots

Based on the effective-mass approximation and variational approach, excitonic optical properties are investigated theoretically in strained wurtzite (WZ) ZnO/Mg_xZn_1-xO cylindrical quantum dots (QDs) for four different Mg compositions: x=0.08, 0.14, 0.25, and 0.33, with considering a three-dimensional carrier confinement in QDs and a strong built-in electric field effect due to the piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization. The ground-state exciton binding energy, the interband emission wavelength, and the radiative lifetime as functions of the QD structural parameters (height and radius) are calculated in detail. The computations are performed in the case of finite band offset. Numerical results elucidate that Mg composition has a significant influence on the exciton states and optical properties of ZnO/Mg_xZn_1-xO QDs. The ground-state exciton binding energy increases with increasing Mg composition and the increment tendency is more prominent for small height QDs. As Mg composition increases, the interband emission wavelength has a blue-shift if the dot height L<3.5 nm, but the interband emission wavelength has a red-shift when L>3.5 nm. Furthermore, the radiative lifetime increases rapidly with increasing Mg composition if the dot height L>3 nm and the increment tendency is more prominent for large height QDs. The physical reason has been analyzed in depth.     

Charged-Exciton Complexes in Quantum Dots

It is known experimentally that stable charged-exciton complexes can exist in low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. Much less is known about the properties of such charged-exciton complexes since three-body problems are very difficult to be solved, even numerically. Here we introduce the correlated hyperspherical harmonics as basis functions to solve the hyperangular equation for negatively and positively charged excitons (trions) in a harmonic quantum dot. By using this method, we have calculated the energy spectra of the low-lying states of a charged exciton as a function of the radius of quantum dot. Based on symmetry analysis, the level crossover as the dot radius increases can be fully explained as the results of symmetry constraint.``     

上转换发光量子点

光子上转换是一种重要的非线性反斯托克斯发光现象,在激光、显示、光伏、信息安全以及生物成像与诊疗等领域具有应用前景.与研究较多的有机分子三重态-三重态湮灭和稀土掺杂纳米颗粒上转换发光材料相比,上转换量子点可以在宽光谱激发范围内实现上转换发光,具有频谱吸收宽、发光效率高、近红外可吸收、能带可调、尺寸小以及稳定性高等特点,引...     

Separability and dynamical symmetry of Quantum Dots

The separability and Runge–Lenz-type dynamical symmetry of the internal dynamics of certain two-electron Quantum Dots, found by Simonovi? et al. (2003), are traced back to that of the perturbed Kepler problem. A large class of axially symmetric perturbing potentials which allow for separation in parabolic coordinates can easily be found. Apart from the 2:1 anisotropic harmonic trapping potential considered in Simonovi? and Nazmitdinov (2013), they include a constant electric field parallel to the magnetic field (Stark effect), the ring-shaped Hartmann potential, etc. The harmonic case is studied in detail.     

Charged-Exciton Complexes in Quantum Dots

It is known experimentally that stable charged-exciton complexes can exist in low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. Much less is known about the properties of such charged-exciton complexes since three-body problems are very difficult to be solved, even numerically. Here we introduce the correlated hyperspherical harmonics as basis functions to solve the hyperangular equation for negatively and positively charged excitons (trions) in a harmonic quantum dot. By using this method, we have calculated the energy spectra of the low-lying states of a charged exciton as a function of the radius of quantum dot. Based on symmetry analysis, the level crossover as the dot radius increases can be fully explained as the results of symmetry constraint.     

角反射器耦合的InGaAs应变层量子阱锁相列阵激光器的模式特性

采用反应离子刻蚀技术，设计、制备了一种角反射器耦合的１０单元ＩｎＧａＡｓ应变层单量子阱镇相列阵激光器。在高达４×Ｉｔｈ的工作电流范围内，获得了主单瓣远场输出，单瓣束宽最低达０．６４°，接近衍射极限。考虑了角反射器引入的纵模与侧模之间的耦合，及载流子注入引起的反折射率导引，用微扰理论作了模拟计算，表明角反射器耦合是锁相列阵的一种新的耦合机制；主瓣对应于同相锁定，支瓣是由周期性微扰引入的高阶本征模。     

ZnCdSe量子点的激子行为研究

用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)的方法在晶格失配较小的情况下制备了ZnCdSe量子点。并用原子力显微镜(AFM)和极低温度下的发光光谱确认了量子点的形成。原子力显微镜观测的形貌变化发现。随着生长后时间的增加,量子点的尺寸逐渐增大。而密度减小,这是由于熟化过程作用的结果。随着量子点生长完毕与加盖层之间间隔时间的增加,量子点的发光峰位明显红移,且由变温光谱得到的激子束缚能逐渐变小。这可以解释为随着间隔时间的增加,量子点的熟化过程导致量子点的尺寸增大,量子限域效应减弱所致。