四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪的合成及其叠氮化

以简单易得的原料、在温和的条件下高产率地合成了氮原子桥连杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪化合物．室温下,碳酸钾为缚酸剂,利用三聚氯氰和对苯二胺的亲核取代反应合成主体,并首次将其叠氮化,反应温度为40℃．产物通过元素分析,红外光谱和氢谱对其结构进行表征．从而验证了合成路线的可行性,并得出了较佳的工艺条件．     

Pressure-induced internal redox reaction of Cs2[PdI4].I2, Cs2[PdBr4].I2, and Cs2[PdCl4].I2

The pressure-induced redox reaction within the system Cs2[Pd2+I4].I2/Cs2[Pd4+I6] was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction. Analogous high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on the isostructural compounds Cs2[PdX4].I2 (X = Cl, Br). Additionally, the phase transition of Cs2[PdBr4].I2 to Cs2[PdBr4I2] was characterized by means of Raman scattering experiments as well as theoretical calculations based on density functional theory. On the basis of experimentally determined crystal structure data, a pathway for the topology of the redox reactions was developed and outlined.     

Construction of a hetero pseudo[2]rota[2]catenane

A novel ammonium template containing three ammonium sites was synthesized. Two ammoniums located on the linear component served as template for cucurbit[6]uril to form the CB-based pseudo[2]rotacane while another one located on the macrocyclic component played a role of template for clipping reaction. As a result of a ‘‘threading-followed-by-clipping' approach, a novel hetero pseudo[2]rota[2]catenane was successfully constructed.     

Photosensitized [4+2]- and [2+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of N-Sulfonylimines

The synthesis of polycyclic compounds is of high interest due to the prevalence of these motifs in drugs and natural products. Herein, we report on the stereoselective construction of 3D bicyclic scaffolds and azetidine derivatives by modulation of N-sulfonylimines to achieve either [4+2]- or [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions. The utility of the method was established by further modulation of the product. Mechanistic studies are also included, which support reaction via Dexter energy transfer.     

Formylation of 2-phenylbenzo[b]cyclopenta[e]pyran

The Vilsmeier formylation of 2-phenylbenzo[b]cyclopenta[e]pyran was realized. The structure of the resulting 2-phenyl-3-formylbenzo[b]cyclopentale]pyran was confirmed by the PMR spectral data.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6. pp. 751–753. June, 1976.     

One-pot synthesis of oxygen and nitrogen-bridged calix[2]arene[2]triazines

A simple and powerful one-pot reaction method was developed for the synthesis of heteracalixaromatics. In the presence of a base, one-pot macrocyclic condensation reaction between cyanuric chloride and 1,3-phenylene diols and diamines proceeded effectively under very mild conditions to afford a number of functionalised oxygen and nitrogen-bridged calix[2]arene[2]triazines in 33–54% yields. The method was applied in a multigram-scale (14.4 g) preparation of tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine.     

2-benzazepines. 10 [1]. New d-fused 2-benzazepines

Pyrano[3,2-d][2]benzazepines were synthesized by reaction of the beta-dimethylamino unsaturated ketone 1 with malonic ester or the anion of t-butyl acetate. Conversion of the pyrano derivative to the pyrido[3,2-d]-[2]benzazepine was achieved in low yield. A pyrrolo[3,2-d][2]benzazepine was prepared via an oxazepino-[6,7-d][2]benzazepine which was obtained by reaction of 1 with the anion of ethyl isocyanoacetate.     

Synthesis of redox-active, intramolecular charge-transfer chromophores by the [2+2] cycloaddition of ethynylated 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones with tetracyanoethylene

Ethynylated 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones 5-15 have been prepared by Pd-catalyzed alkynylation of 3-iodo-5-isopropyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one (2) with the corresponding ethynylarenes or the reaction of 2-iodothiophene with 3-ethynyl-5-isopropyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one (4) under Sonogashira-Hagihara conditions. Compounds 5-15 reacted with tetracyanoethylene in a formal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by ring opening of the initially formed [2+2] cycloadducts, cyclobutenes, to afford the corresponding 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadienyl (TCBD) chromophores 16-26 in excellent yields. The intramolecular charge-transfer interactions between the 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one ring and TCBD acceptor moiety were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The redox behavior of the novel TCBD derivatives 16-26 was examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, which revealed multistep electrochemical reduction properties, depending on the number of TCBD units in the molecule. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by UV/Vis spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions.     

Efficient post-macrocyclization functionalizations of oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidines

Diversely functionalized oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidines have been synthesized starting from a bis(methylsulfanyl)-substituted oxacalix[4]arene by two efficient post-macrocyclization pathways. Functionalized aryl groups were introduced on the pyrimidine building block via Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reactions, while a variety of O-, S-, N-, and C-nucleophiles were inserted on the calixarene skeleton by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on the bis(methylsulfonyl)oxacalix[4]arene analogue.     

Cyclisation of 4-[2-Cyclofentenyl]-3-Hydroxy [1] Benzopypan-2-One

4-[2-cyclopentenyl]-3-hydroxy [1] bonzopyran-2-one(3) was cyclised to the bicyclie coumar in-1,3-ethano-2-bromo-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrano [2,3-c] [1] benzopyran-5-one (6) by a sequence of reactions viz. acetylation of 3, addition of bromine to cyclopenteny double bond and treating the resulting acetyldibromo compound (5) with 4% alcoholic KOH, Cyclisation of compound (3) with mercuric acetate in methanol gave condensed furan derivative 7 which on reductive demercuration with zinc borohydride in dimethoxyethane gave the 1,3-propano-1,2-dihydrofuro [2,3-c] [1] benzopyran-4-one, 8. Cyclisation of compound 2 with come. H₂SO₄ furnished a mixture of bicyclic derivative 9 ad furo coumarin derivative 8.     

2-[2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzimidazolylidene)]- and 2-[2-(2,3-Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]imidazolylidene)]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones

The reaction of 2-aminocarbonyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione with 2,3-diaminopyridine, 1,2-phenylenediamine (and its 4-methyl, 4-nitro, 4-carboxy, and 4-benzoyl derivatives), and 3,3-diaminobenzidine gave the corresponding 2-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzimidazolylidene)]- and 2-[2-(2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]imidazolylidene)]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones. Their structure was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis.     

Synthesis of 2 -methylthieno [2, 3-b] thieno [ 2, 3-d] thiazole

The synthesis of a new heterocyclic base, 2-methylthieno[2, 3-b]thieno[2, 3-d]thiazole, is described. It is obtained by oxidizing 2-thioacetylamino[2, 3-b]thiophene in alkaline medium with 10% aqueous potassium ferricyanide.     

Synthesis of donor-acceptor chromophores by the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of arylethynyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane

Arylethynyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones reacted with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by ring opening of the initially formed cyclobutene derivatives, to afford the corresponding dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ) chromophores in excellent yields. The intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interactions between the 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one ring and DCNQ acceptor moiety were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The redox behavior of the novel DCNQ derivatives was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their multistep electrochemical reduction properties depended on the number of DCNQ units in the molecule. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by visible spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions.     

In the twilight zone between [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxanes

A [2]pseudorotaxane, based on a semi-dumbbell-shaped component containing asymmetrically substituted monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene recognition sites for encirclement by cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and with a "speed bump" in the form of a thiomethyl group situated between the two recognition sites, has been self-assembled. This supramolecular entity is a mixture in solution of two slowly interconverting [2]pseudorotaxanes, one of which is on the verge of being a [2]rotaxane at room temperature, allowing it to be isolated by employing flash column chromatography. These two [2]pseudorotaxanes were both characterized in solution by UV/Vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopies (1D and 2D) and also by differential pulse voltammetry. The spectroscopic and electrochemical data reveal that one of the complexes behaves wholly as a [2]pseudorotaxane, while the other has some [2]rotaxane character to it. The kinetics of the shuttling of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) between the monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene and the 1,5-dioxynaphthalene recognition sites have been investigated at different temperatures. The shuttling processes, which are accompanied by detectable color changes, can be monitored using UV/Vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopies; the spectroscopic data have been employed in the determination of the rate constants, free energies of activation, enthalpies of activation, and the entropies of activation for the translation of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) between the two recognition sites.     

Self－assembly of Novel Hetero[3]rotaxane, [2]Rotaxanes and [2]Catenane

One linear template 13 and one cyclophane template 15, both incorporating two electron rich 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene units and one diamide unit, have been synthesized. By utilizing donor‐acceptor interaction and/or intermolecular hydrogen bonding assembling principles, one novel hetero[3]rotazane 22·4Cl, possessing one neutral and one tetracationic ring components, has been synthesized from 13, through neutral [2]rotaxane 21 as intermediate. With 15 as template, tetracationic [2]catenane 23·4PF₆ was assembled by using donor‐acceptor interaction, but no neutral [2]rotaxane could be obtained under the typical conditions of hydrogen bonding assembling principle. The interlocked supramolecular compounds have been characterized and their spectral properties are investigated.     

穴醚[2, 2, 2]和穴醚[2, 2]对镉离子萃取行为的研究

本文研究了穴醚[2,2,2]和穴醚[2,2]在硝基甲烷中对镉的萃取行为。探讨了溶剂、穴醚浓度,碱浓度,无机酸浓度,盐效应及共存离子对镉萃取的影响。实验结果表明,硝基甲烷ε=35.6,μ=3.4德拜宜作为穴醚的溶剂。当穴醚[2,2,2]——硝基甲烷的浓度为2×10~(-3)M,Me_4NOH浓度为4×10~(-2)M时对镉的萃取最为有利。无机酸的引入使穴醚质子化程度加大,盐效应对镉的萃取无明显影响。十八种共存离子对镉萃取无干扰,因而选择性高。实验结果为用穴醚[2,2,2]萃取镉提供了依据。     

Synthesis of 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl [2-14C]-1,3-dioxolane

The labelled compound was prepared by chlorination of [2-¹⁴C]acetone obtained from the barium salt of [1-¹⁴C]acetic acid by pyrolysis. The reaction product 1,1-dichloro [2-¹⁴C]acetone was converted to 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl [2-¹⁴C]-1,3-dioxolane by condensation with ethylene glycol in the presence of thionyl chloride. Radiochemical yield: 62% based on [1-¹⁴C]acetic acid.     

NHC-catalyzed enantioselective [2 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions of ketenes with isothiocyanates

The enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [2 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketenes and isothiocyanates were developed. Reaction with N-aryl isothiocyanates at room temperature favors the [2 + 2] cycloaddition, while reaction with N-benzoyl isothiocyanates at -40 °C favors the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition.     

Palladium Complexes [Ph3PCH2CN]2[PdBr4], [Ph4P]2[PdBr4], [Ph3PC5H9-cyclo][PdBr3(Et2SO)], and [Ph4P]2[Pd2Br6]. Synthesis and Structure

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Palladium phosphonium complexes with mononuclear anions [Ph3PCH2CN][PdBr4], [Ph4P][PdBr4], and [Ph3PC5H9-cyclo][PdBr3(Et2SO)] were synthesized by the reaction...     

Efficient functionalizations of heteroatom-bridged calix[2]arene[2]triazines on the larger rim

Heteroatom-bridged dichlorinated calix[2]arene[2]triazines, which were synthesized from the fragment coupling reactions of cyanuric chloride and various aromatic dinucleophiles, are a unique type of platform for the construction of functional macrocyclic host molecules. Utilizing a very convenient and straightforward nucleophilic displacement reaction of dichlorinated tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine by various chelating group-containing amines, a number of functionalized tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines on the larger rim were efficiently synthesized in good yields. The resulting tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines armed with two 2,2'-bi(pyridinyl)amino or two bis(2-pyridinemethyl)amino groups selectively formed 1:1 complexes with Cu2+ ion through most probably a chelating interaction effect.