Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Separation of Tl/III/ from Tl/I/

A method for the separation of Tl/III/from Tl/I/ is reported employing 1-/2-pyridylazo/-2-naphthol /PAN/ and Rhodamine-B as extracting agents.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

Analysis of nonvalent interactions in the crystals of conformational polymorphs of the composition CaHbNcOdSe by means of molecular voronoi-dirichlet polyhedra

Nonvalent interactions in crystals of compounds of the composition C _a H _b N _c O _d S _e that exhibit conformational polymorphism and have no fewer than four structurally characterized modifications are analyzed using molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedrals. A unique combination of the types of occurring intra- and intermolecular nonvalent contacts is shown to correspond to each conformational polymorph. Nonvalent interactions involving hydrogen atoms are found to occur most often in crystal structures, and least often those involving S, N, and O atoms.     

Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2固溶体的晶胞参数与晶格畸变的关系

合成了Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2(M=Er,Tm,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2(M=Eu,Er,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)2个系列的固溶体,前者具有β-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称β相);后者具有α-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称α相)。建立了相和相的晶胞参数与M3+离子浓度的Vegard方程,测定了上述固溶体的固溶度。讨论了M3+离子的化学性质与Vegard斜率SV的关系。分析了α相的SαA与β相的SβA的关系;揭示了α-Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2晶格中2[WO4]四面体对的取向有序程度对晶格畸变的贡献。提出上述固溶体的晶胞参数随溶质浓度增加而减小,主要是由于氧空位缺陷相互作用的结果。     

LixZryOz三元化合物的制备及表征

采用高温固相法制备了4种高纯度晶相组成的LixZryOz三元化合物,研究了焙烧温度、时间、反应物的种类和初始反应物物质的量比对产物组成的影响,进一步用XRD、SEM及BET分析方法对产物的晶相结构、表面形貌及比表面积进行了表征.实验结果表明,Li2CO3与ZrO2在适当条件下可以合成得到单斜相Li3ZrO3;以LiOH替代Li2CO3,在适当条件下可以分别合成得到四方相Li2ZrO3和三斜/单斜相Li6Zr2O7;进一步以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O代替Zr02,可将单斜相Li6Zr2O7的制备时间由96 h缩短至24 h.SEM照片显示产物硬团聚明显,粒径分布在1～10μm间,BET分析表明样品比表面积处于1.0～9.0 m2·g-1间分布,反应过程中锂的过量以及长时间高温焙烧是引起产物粒径长大和产生硬团聚的主要原因.     

Isotope exchange behaviour of bis/diethyldithiocarbamate/mercury/II/ complex

Isotope exchange behaviour of bis/diethyldithiocarbamate/mercury/II/ complex has been studied at 25°C and 45°C varying the concentrations of both metal ion and the complex. The results show that the complex is kinetically labile. Temperature has a significant effect on the rate of the reaction. Increase in concentration increases the reaction rate.     

Rate of reactions between D2O and CaxAlyOz

The rate of the reaction between D₂O and the calcium aluminum oxides Ca₃Al₂O₆, Ca₅Al₆O₁₄, CaAl₂O₄, and CaAl₄O₇ was investigated by on-line neutron diffraction powder methods at temperatures from room temperature to 100°C. The rate of the reaction increases with increasing calcium content of the compounds and with increasing temperature for each of the compounds. The crystallographic stable hydrate Ca₃Al₂(OD)₁₂ is obtained from CaAl₄O₇ and CaAl₂O₄ at temperatures above 63°C, from Ca₅Al₆O₁₄ at temperatures above 49°C, and from Ca₃Al₂O₆ at temperatures as low as 7°C.     

Base hydrolysis of halobis/8-quinolinolato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes

Reaction mechanism of base hydrolysis of halobis/8-quinolinolato/oxotechnetium (V) /TcOX (ox)₂ X=Cl and Br/ was investigated by means of solvent extraction and spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, distribution coefficients of tris/acetylacetonato/technetium/III/, dichlorobis/8-quinolinolato/technetium/IV/ and TcOX/ox/₂ between chloroform and aqueous solutions were determined. In an alkaline solution, TcOX/ox/₂ decomposed to pertechnetate as a final product. On the basis of the established base hydrolysis, the respective rate constants were determined.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Electrochemical investigations of the system LiUO2F2

Uranyl fluoride, UO₂F₂, and a lithiated uranyl fluoride, Li₂UO₂F₂, have been studied as the electrochemically active materials in nonaqueous lithium batteries. Both open circuit and discharge potentials have been measured as a function of utilization. The reversibility of the couple has been demonstrated. It is concluded that the phase Li₂UO₂F₂ is an end member of a nonstoichiometric homogeneity range of generalized composition Li_xUO₂F₂ where x varies from 0 to 2.     

Structural characterisation of the perovskite series SrxCa1−x−yNdyMnO3: Influence of the Jahn-Teller effect

The crystal structures of the perovskite manganites Sr_xCa_1−x−yNd_yMnO₃ with y=0.1 or 0.2 have been investigated using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. At room temperature the structures change from depending on the cation distribution, the different structures exhibiting different tilts of the MnO₆ octahedra. High temperature diffraction measurements demonstrate the presence of, an apparently continuous, isosymmetric I4/mcm to I4/mcm phase transition associated with the removal of long range orbital ordering. Heating the manganites to still higher temperatures results in a continuous transition to the cubic structure. A feature of such transitions is the continuous evolution of the octahedral tilt angle through the I4/mcm to I4/mcm phase transition. The orthorhombic structures do not exhibit orbital ordering and although a first order transition to the tetragonal structure is observed in Sr_0.4Ca_0.5Nd_0.1MnO₃, this high temperature tetragonal structure does not exhibit orbital ordering.     

Af-AaDd型氢键体系的网络结构参数

利用溶胶-凝胶分配理论对氢键溶液的模型体系进行研究, 给出了凝胶点后氢键网络中各结构参数的计算方案, 并进行相应的数值计算. 结果表明, 因受体基团本身的性质及两类质子受体基团的数量比不同, 受体基团的竞争作用对网络结构有明显影响, 这提供了控制氢键网络结构特征的可能方法.     

纳米钙钛矿LaxSr1-xFe1-yCoyO3复合氧化物的制备和表征

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末，对该钙钛矿型氧化物进行了XRD、IR、紫外漫反射光谱及循环伏安曲线分析。结果表明：该复合氧化物粉体平均晶粒为15.3～29.8 nm,为立方和正交晶系。该氧电极具有双功能催化特性，但不完全可逆。对水溶液染料进行光解实验，利用紫外-可见、人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃的催化性能。结果表明：CO²⁺的加入可使La_xSr_1-xFeO₃的光催化活性有所提高，B位离子(Fe³⁺，CO²⁺)改变与加入，使La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃(x=0.7，0.3；y=0.3，0.9，1)光催化活性高于La_xSr_1-xFeO₃。同时，对5种染料进行紫外光解，在0.75 h，脱色率大于91%，并为动力学一级反应。     

Isotope exchange study of tris/diethyl dithiocarbamate/chromium/III/ complex

Metal exchange behaviour of tris/diethyl dithiocarbamate/ chromium/III/ complex has been studied at 25°C and 35°C varying the concentration of the metal ion and the complex. Experimental observation showed that the complex is kinetically labile. Temperature and concentration increase, increases the rate of reaction.     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

橙红色荧光粉Ca_(1-x-y)Sm_xBi_ySiO_3的制备及其发光性能

以Sm3+作为激活剂,Bi3+作为辅助激活剂,采用水热法合成Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3前驱体,然后在1 100℃焙烧得到系列橙红色荧光粉。用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和荧光分光光度计和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的组成、结构和形貌及其发光性质进行分析和表征。分析结果表明:产物都为三斜晶系结构的Ca1-x-ySmxBiySi O3和四方结构的方石英Si O2共熔体。在405 nm近紫外光激发下,产物的发射光谱由3个峰组成,发射峰值位于566、606和650 nm处,分别归属于Sm3+的4G5/2→6HJ/2(J=5,7,9)跃迁。产物的激发光谱在405 nm有很强的发射带,与近紫外LED芯片匹配。随着Sm3+掺量的增加,样品发光强度先增强后减弱,当Sm3+的物质的量分数为3%时发光强度达到最大,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。当Bi3+的物质的量分数在0.3%~1.5%时,对产物Ca0.97Sm0.03Si O3的荧光强度起敏化作用。Sm3+和Bi3+的最佳物质的量分数分别为3%和0.5%。     

Separation of Th/IV/ and U/VI/ by extraction chromatography

Application of extraction chromatographic technique to the analytical separation of Th/IV/ and U/VI/ has been investigated. The stationary phase was a macroporous resin Amberlite XE-270 impregnated with undiluted trin-n-butylphosphate /TBP/ and the mobile phase was either 5.OM HNO₃ or 6M HCl. Separation of traces of Th/IV/ from large quantities of U/VI/ was achieved on a laboratory column by elution of the absorbed Th/IV/ with 6M HCl.