基于小波域的维纳滤波算法在锥束牙科CT中的应用

提出一种小波域的维纳滤波方法对锥束牙科CT断层图像进行降噪。该算法以db4小波作为分解小波对CT图像进行分解,在分解后的每个子带再进行维纳滤波,并根据图像的区域统计特性对每个子带的局部均值和噪声方差估计参数进行了调整。利用降噪后的小波系数重构图像,得到降噪后的CT断层图像。通过计算机仿真及锥束牙科CT的真实数据测试表明,本文采用的方法有效抑制了图像噪声,提高了图像的信噪比,明显改善了图像的视觉效果。     

基于最小区域的锥束ART算法快速图像重建

针对锥束ART算法重建速度慢的问题,考虑到工业CT重建目标尺寸差异较大的特点,提出了一种基于最小重建区域的快速三维图像重建方法。由不同视角下的锥束投影构建最小区域包络,对最小区域包络进行膨胀处理,以消除重建目标边界附近所出现的伪影,在此基础上,给出了射线穿过最小重建区域的体素索引及权因子的计算。该方法能够根据重建目标的尺寸自适应地确定最小重建区域,从而最大限度地减少了计算量。实验结果表明,该方法不仅大幅度提高了锥束ART算法的重建速度,而且有效地提高了重建质量。     

针对小动物的锥束CT重建的研究及验证

基于经典3D Shepp-Logan模型,应用射线追踪和射线衰减定律得到锥束CT的模拟仿真数据.利用FDK三维重建算法实现锥束CT图像重建,采用仿真图像对重建算法进行了验证,通过搭建的锥束CT系统和自制仿体进行了层析成像和图像重建.结果表明:算法可较为准确地重建出原物体的空间分布和密度关系,针对仿真数据的中心断层重建图像的空间分辨率可达到8 lp/mm.     

针对小动物的锥束CT重建的研究及验证

基于经典3D Shepp-Logan模型,应用射线追踪和射线衰减定律得到锥束CT的模拟仿真数据.利用FDK三维重建算法实现锥束CT图像重建,采用仿真图像对重建算法进行了验证,通过搭建的锥束CT系统和自制仿体进行了层析成像和图像重建.结果表明:算法可较为准确地重建出原物体的空间分布和密度关系,针对仿真数据的中心断层重建图像的空间分辨率可达到8lp/mm.     

锥束射线RT扫描大视场三维CT成像方法研究

受探测器尺寸和重建锥角的限制,基于单圆轨道扫描和FDK算法的三维CT成像方法难以对大物体进行三维CT成像。提出了一种基于平板探测器,采用锥束RT扫描方式的成像方法,推导了其三维CT成像算法。首先把对回转物体进行三次锥束平移透照的投影数据重新排成为更大范围的倾斜平行投影数据,然后经过加权滤波和反投影重建,获得物体的三维层析结果。仿真结果表明,该方法在重构大物体图像时,获得了满意的图像质量。水平方向视场是单圆轨道FDK算法视场的2.88倍,在垂直方向减少了锥角过大形成的伪影,提高了物体的重构精度。     

锥束CT平板探测器成像的余晖建模与校正方法

锥束CT具有高效率和高精度的显著特点, 在医学成像与工业无损检测等领域已得到广泛应用, 但余晖的存在降低了CT图像的质量. 本文借鉴余晖多指数衰减模型的思想, 结合平板探测器输出信号的实际衰减规律, 提出了一种新的基于多指数拟合的余晖衰减建模及校正方法. 首先进行了基于平板探测器的锥束CT成像实验, 结果表明平板探测器各像素的余晖衰减规律具有良好的一致性, 且余晖衰减规律与初始灰度的大小无关; 其后根据建立的余晖衰减模型实现了余晖的快速校正, 并分析比较了余晖校正前后投影图像和切片图像质量, 表明余晖校正后的零件轮廓清晰度得到了显著提升. 该方法无需获取探测器闪烁体成分及其衰减时间常数, 便于实际锥束CT成像系统的余晖检测与校正. 关键词： 余晖 平板探测器 锥束CT 多指数衰减     

X射线CT转台单侧两次螺旋扫描单层重排重建算法

锥束计算机断层成像(CT)在临床医学及工业无损检测等诸多领域获得了越来越广泛的应用。但是,受面阵探测器尺寸等硬件条件限制,锥束CT的成像视野有限,难以满足实际应用中对大尺寸物体成像的需求。为了扩展锥束CT的视野,提出了锥束CT转台单侧两次螺旋扫描单层重排重建算法。该算法在转台的同一侧进行两次螺旋扫描,通过统一成像几何条件,将两组螺旋锥形束投影重排为多层平行束投影,利用平行束投影的对称性去除数据的横向截断,得到一组完全覆盖物体横截面的平行束投影数据,再通过滤波反投影方式得到重建图像。实验结果表明,该方法的成像视野扩展率可达2.56,且成像质量与传统全覆盖算法相当。     

基于图像自标定的3D打印模型高效生成方法

为了克服三维重建高度依赖标定板,满足3D打印模型的工业需求,提出基于图像自标定的高效3D打印模型生成方法,无需借助标定板计算相机参数,直接使用单相机采集序列图像进行三维重建。为了克服基于自标定方法易受图像质量和特征点匹配精确度的影响,根据人机交互与自适应分割算法相结合的方法去除原始图像背景及过滤噪声,使图像感兴趣区域特征更为明显,采用快速稳定特征算法提取序列图像中特征点并根据特征点的匹配度进行精确的特征点匹配,再使用匹配信息自标定求解得到相机模型参数,最后根据相机模型以及特征点信息完成三维目标的稠密重建。实验结果表明,自标定及重建方法对大小各异,表面材质不同的目标均可实现重建。     

红外序列图像多运动目标检测

针对背景不动情况下提取红外图像运动目标,提出了一种基于连续四帧序列图像精确检测多运动目标的算法,并用软件仿真了该算法处理图像的效果并与其他方法进行了对比。经试验证明该方法算法简单,实时性好。对单目标、多目标、室内、室外、简单和复杂背景的红外序列都可以得到较好的检测效果。能够有效地去除背景和噪声,精确地确定运动目标位置,有利于后续的目标跟踪,算法适于实时应用。     

声成像数据的边界堆叠显示

改进了以往针对二位图像的BFXY算法,将回溯算法应用到多灰度图像的多阈值分割边界自动跟踪中,抑制了噪声,提高了图像质量.根据超声成像(CT)体数据界面突出的特点,通过抽取切片内的边界,堆叠成三维表面进行显示,避免了贴片重构表面难于解决的分支问题.三维显示的结果图像清晰,缺陷分布一目了然.这一方法对我们可视理解声CT三维数据很有帮助.     

基于ICT切片图像相邻层信息的缺陷自动识别方法

现有的工业计算机断层成像（ICT）图像缺陷识方法中,多采用对单张图像进行孤立评判方法,此类方法未能考虑到单张图像在相邻层图像信息关联性,因而易将孤立的噪音视为缺陷,造成误判。为解决这一问题,提出一种基于序列ICT切片图像自动识别方法,该方法将识别过程分为两步：单张图像的潜在缺陷提取和相邻层图像缺陷的匹配。第一步运用传统方法识别出每张图像中所有潜在缺陷;第二步根据真缺陷在相邻层具有匹配关系而伪缺陷则相对孤立的特点,通过分步匹配的方法确定每张图像上所有潜在缺陷在相邻层图像上的匹配关系,区分出真伪缺陷。最后通过实例验证表明：利用该方法可以有效得提高真缺陷得识别率,降低误判率。     

基于ICT切片图像相邻层信息的缺陷自动识别方法

 现有的工业计算机断层成像（ICT）图像缺陷识方法中,多采用对单张图像进行孤立评判方法,此类方法未能考虑到单张图像在相邻层图像信息关联性,因而易将孤立的噪音视为缺陷,造成误判。为解决这一问题,提出一种基于序列ICT切片图像自动识别方法,该方法将识别过程分为两步：单张图像的潜在缺陷提取和相邻层图像缺陷的匹配。第一步运用传统方法识别出每张图像中所有潜在缺陷;第二步根据真缺陷在相邻层具有匹配关系而伪缺陷则相对孤立的特点,通过分步匹配的方法确定每张图像上所有潜在缺陷在相邻层图像上的匹配关系,区分出真伪缺陷。最后通过实例验证表明：利用该方法可以有效得提高真缺陷得识别率,降低误判率。     

Noninvasive 3D MR microscopy as a tool in pharmacological research: Application to a model of rheumatoid arthritis

Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) was applied to noninvasively image skeletal structures in the hindpaw of the live rat to characterize the progression of a heterologous type II collagen-induced arthritic process. Using a resonator, with optimized filling factor, three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo images with voxel dimensions of 94 × 81 × 60 μm³ were acquired in 54.6 min. Three-dimensional MRM reduces the slice positioning problem, which is critical in longitudinal studies. Moreover, due to the much smaller slice thickness of images derived from 3D data sets, partial volume effects are less pronounced than in corresponding 2D images. Distinct pathomorphological changes associated with the collagen-induced arthritic process (e.g., increase of metatarsophalangeal joint space, and bone and cartilage erosion) could thus be analyzed under in vivo conditions.     

Improved depth extraction method of 3D objects using computational integral imaging reconstruction based on multiple windowing techniques

This paper presents an improved depth extraction method of 3D objects using computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) based on the multiple windowing models. The proposed method records 3D objects using the lenslet array; and it reconstructs multiple sets of slice images from multiple CIIR methods based on the different windowing models. A depth map is then extracted by a block matching algorithm among multiple set of slice images. A preliminary experiment is carried out to show the feasibility of the proposed method. Experimental results indicate the proposed method outperforms the previous method with two windowing models.     

板状结构Lamb波频散补偿与聚焦接收成像检测

对板状结构中Lamb波的频散和多模现象进行了理论分析,采用有限元仿真方法获取了Lamb波与缺陷作用后的回波信号,对信号进行聚焦接收处理,即在一定距离范围内利用导波频散特性对各个模式信号进行频散补偿,提取补偿后信号的幅值,结果表明当所得信号幅值最大时,所对应的补偿距离等于缺陷与换能器之间的实际距离.利用这一结论,提出了以...     

空间目标抖动状态红外图像仿真建模研究北大核心CSCD

空间目标容易受到太空垃圾碰撞及干扰从而产生抖动。针对空间抖动目标红外图像的模型构建问题,对天基空间红外成像系统的主要噪声进行分析并考虑杂散光影响,基于Creator与Vega软件平台相结合,提出抖动状态下空间目标表面缺陷的红外图像的建模方法。依据空间目标基本特征分析其红外辐射特性,在Creator中对空间目标缺陷进行三维建模;根据目标以及背景红外辐射特性对三维模型进行温度场分析,将分析所得结果与Vega红外模块相结合获得红外图像模型;确定抖动图像数学模型并对仿真图像施加抖动影响,然后施加杂散光影响获得最终模拟图像。实验结果表明:该方法生成的抖动状态下空间目标红外图像与实验图像相似程度高,能为空间目标探测与态势感知提供一种有效的模拟系统。     

Serial sectioning methods for 3D investigations in materials science

A variety of methods for the investigation and 3D representation of the inner structure of materials has been developed. In this paper, techniques based on slice and view using scanning microscopy for imaging are presented and compared. Three different methods of serial sectioning combined with either scanning electron or scanning ion microscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM) were placed under scrutiny: serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, which facilitates an ultramicrotome built into the chamber of a variable pressure scanning electron microscope; three-dimensional (3D) AFM, which combines an (cryo-) ultramicrotome with an atomic force microscope, and 3D FIB, which delivers results by slicing with a focused ion beam. These three methods complement one another in many respects, e.g., in the type of materials that can be investigated, the resolution that can be obtained and the information that can be extracted from 3D reconstructions. A detailed review is given about preparation, the slice and view process itself, and the limitations of the methods and possible artifacts. Applications for each technique are also provided.     

Event-related functional MR imaging of visual cortex stimulation at high temporal resolution using a standard 1.5 T imager

The authors report the technical feasibility of measuring event-related changes in blood oxygenation for studying brain function in humans at high temporal resolution. Measurements were performed on a conventional wholebody 1.5 T clinical scanner with a nonactive-shielded standard gradient system of 1 ms rise time for a maximum gradient strength of 10 mT/m. The radiofrequency (RF) transmitting and receiving MR unit consists of a commercially available circular polarized head coil. Magnet shimming with all first-order coils was performed to the volunteer's head resulting in a magnetic field homogeneity of about 0.1–0.2 ppm. The measuring sequence used was a modified 3D, first-order flow rephased, FLASH sequence with reduced bandwidth = 40 Hz/pixel, TR = 80 ms, TE = 56 ms, flip angle = 40–50°, matrix = 64 × 128, field-of-view = 200–250 mm², slice thickness = 4 mm, NEX = 1, 128 partitions, and a total single scan time of about 10 min. In this sequence the 3D gradient table was removed and the 3D partition-loop acts as a time-loop for sequential measurement of 128 or 32 consecutive images at the same slice position. This means that event-related functional MRI could be performed with an interscan delay of 80 ms for a series of 128 sequential images or with an interscan delay of 320 ms for a simultaneous measurement of four slices with a series of 32 sequential images for each slice. We used a TTL signal given by the gradient board at the beginning of every line-loop in the measuring sequence and a self-made “TTL-Divider-Box” for the event triggering. This box was used to count and scale down the TTL signals by a factor of 128 and to trigger after every 128th TTL signal a single white flash-light, which was seen by the volunteer in the dark room of the scanner with a period of 10.24 s. As a consequence, the resulting event-related scan data coincide at each line of the series of 128 sequential images, which were repeated in 128 × 80 ms or 32 × 320 ms for the single- or four-slice experiment, respectively. Visual cortex response magnitude measured was about 5–7% with an approximate Gaussian shape and a rise time from stimulus onset to maximum of about 3–4 s, and a fall time to the baseline of about 5–6 s after end of stimulus. The reported data demonstrate the feasibility of functional MRI studies at high temporal resolution (up to 80 ms) using conventional MR equipment and measuring sequence.     

Scatter correction method for cone-beam CT based on interlacing-slit scan

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) has the notable features of high efficiency and high precision, and is widely used in areas such as medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing. However, the presence of the ray scatter reduces the quality of CT images. By referencing the slit collimation approach, a scatter correction method for CBCT based on the interlacing-slit scan is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of CBCT imaging, a scatter suppression plate with interlacing slits is designed and fabricated. Then the imaging of the scatter suppression plate is analyzed, and a scatter correction calculation method for CBCT based on the image fusion is proposed, which can splice out a complete set of scatter suppression projection images according to the interlacing-slit projection images of the left and the right imaging regions in the scatter suppression plate, and simultaneously complete the scatter correction within the flat panel detector(FPD). Finally, the overall process of scatter suppression and correction is provided. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the clarity of the slice images and achieve a good scatter correction.     

工业CT切片序列任意方向剖面的绘制方法

为获得工业CT切片序列在三维空间任意方向的剖面,提出了一种基于三维纹理映射技术的任意剖面绘制方法。该方法首先把工业CT图片序列存储为体数据,然后使用传递函数对体数据进行分类,并将分类处理后的体数据定义为三维纹理,结合人机交互给出的平面参数计算出剖切多边形各顶点及其对应的纹理坐标,最后进行纹理映射得到剖面图像。该方法的特点是利用图形处理器支持的纹理映射功能完成剖面像素的采样和插值。实验结果表明,该方法成像质量较高,显示速度较快,能够满足人机交互实际应用需要。