La3+对水稻幼根H+跨膜梯度和膜电位的影响

稀土有益于植物生长和作物品质 ,但其作用的机制尚不清楚。一些研究已经证明稀土不能进入到原生质体而只分布在质膜以外[1] 。这意味着质膜可能是稀土生理作用的原初位点。因此 ,稀土和质膜特征变化的关系十分重要。质膜的重要特征包括膜电位和质子跨膜梯度。膜电位的生理作用是为离子和代谢物的跨膜主动运输提供驱动力[2 ] 。而跨膜质子梯度除了提供质子驱动力外 ,在能量和信号转导方面也起着重要的作用[3 ] 。然而稀土对细胞质膜膜电位和质子跨膜梯度的影响未见有研究。本文揭示稀土对质膜膜电位和质子跨膜梯度的影响。1　材料和方法1.1　…     

荷电膜的膜电位研究

膜电位是表征荷电膜传递现象的重要参数之一.本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T.M.S.理论和不可逆热力学理论.分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向.     

荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

微板式磁化学发光酶免疫分析法对人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的灵敏快速测定

以磁性酶免疫测量分析为模型,建立了微板式磁化学发光酶免疫分析法.利用3-(2′-螺旋金刚烷)-4-甲氧基-4-(3″-磷酰氧基)苯-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷(AMPPD)-碱性磷酸酶(ALP)化学发光体系对人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)进行测定,测量的灵敏度较分光光度法提高了13倍.测定的线性范围为0.15～500 mIU/mL;批内变异系数(C.V.%)和批间变异系数(C.V.%) 均在18%之内;回收率在80%～116%之间;利用本法对血清样品进行了测定,并与其它化学发光免疫分析方法进行了比较,其相关系数为0.965.首次将酶免疫分析方法用于唾液中人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的测定,为建立非侵入式样品测定方法打下了基础.     

Ni2+和Cd2+跨人红细胞膜的比较研究

以往对金属离子跨红细胞膜转运多集中在体内的宏量金属离子, 如Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+及某些必需的重金属元素Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+等[1～3], 对其它重金属离子的跨膜转运研究较少. 我们曾研究了具有不同电荷的Co(Ⅲ)配合物的红细胞摄入动力学及机理[4]. 在此基础上进一步选择离子电荷数相同, 但电子组态不同的两个金属离子Ni2+和Cd2+为研究对象. Ni2+为d8组态, 动力学上是惰性的, 为体内必需的微量元素; 而Cd2+为d10组态, 动力学上是活性的, 却为有毒重金属, 本研究比较了它们跨人红细胞膜传递的动力学以及其与人红细胞作用的差异性.     

脱血红素细胞色素c的解折叠状态与跨膜运送能力的相关性

与马心脱血红素细胞色素c(Apocytochrome c,简称apocyt.c)相比,鸡心apocyt.c在透析复性过程中存在着显著的由无规到部分折叠的自发构象变化。用处于不同复性阶段的马心和鸡心apocyt.c对包有胰蛋白酶的单层大豆磷脂大脂质体的转运实验发现,马心apocyt.c的转运速率变化较小,而鸡心apocyt.c的跨膜能力随着分子折叠程度的增加而发生明显的下降。用圆二色技术测定马心和鸡心apocyt.c与大豆磷脂结合后的二级结构提示:apocyt.c的有效的跨膜运送依赖于其在脂双层中处于较松散的折叠结构。     

肽受体跨膜镶嵌的人工细胞膜的构建: 细菌组氨酸蛋白激酶跨膜区多肽在合成肽脂囊泡上的镶嵌

选择agr I型金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538组氨酸蛋白激酶AgrC蛋白六个跨膜区中与跨膜信号转导过程最密切的一条肽链为受体, 将此多肽采用超声法镶嵌到人工细胞膜上, 采用透射电镜和原子力显微镜对其形态进行了分析, 发现大部分囊泡及镶嵌体系的单个形态为均一球状, 直径大小在50～200 nm范围内. 考察悬浮液pH、体系温度及浓度等因素对其稳定性的影响, 发现在pH为7.0, 温度不超过30 ℃, 多肽和N^＋C₅Ala2C₁₆的物质的量之比为1∶100时, 镶嵌体系的稳定性最强. 同时, 通过圆二色谱、差示扫描量热分析等手段对镶嵌模型进行表征, 分析发现多肽分子能稳定地插入双层膜囊泡中, 且能主动地插入形成镶嵌体系.     

PSF/SPSF高分子合金膜的膜材料对膜性能的影响

介绍了PSF与SPSF共混对合金膜的成膜性能和机械性能的影响 .二者共混改善了PSF的亲水性 ,提高了PSF膜的耐污染性 ,并且合金膜获得比PSF膜高的渗透通量     

有机铯化合物对人红细胞的跨膜行为研究

采用石墨炉原子吸收法检测氯化铯、天冬氨酸铯、3,5-二硝基水杨酸铯、5-氨基四唑铯的跨膜量，探讨有机铯化合物的跨膜机理以及阴阳离子间的相互作用对铯跨膜方式的影响。结果表明：铯化合物可通过多种方式跨膜，并具有动力学饱和特征；3,5-二硝基水杨酸铯、5-氨基四唑铯中有机阴离子的存在使铯很难以CsCO₃^-的形式依靠阴离子通道跨膜，NaHCO₃的加入有利于天冬氨酸铯中铯的跨膜；Ca²⁺通道抑制剂硝苯地平在日光下的降解产物促进了氯化铯中Cs⁺的跨膜但抑制了其他铯化合物中Cs⁺的跨膜。     

基于氨基酸模糊聚类分析的跨膜区域预测

跨膜蛋白在进化过程中,序列保守性较差,即使是同源蛋白序列的一致性程度也较低,因而在跨膜区预测算法中,通过序列的一致性程度来选取训练集并不能有效地消除预测结果对训练集的过度适应性．本文提出了一种基于氨基酸模糊聚类分析的预测算法,通过氨基酸在各个区域分布的相似性程度进行模糊聚类,从而根据一类氨基酸的分布特性而不是各个氨基酸的分布特性进行跨膜区预测．结果表明,该方法能在一定程度上消除训练集的选取对测试结果的影响,提高跨膜蛋白拓扑结构预测的准确度,特别是提高对目前知之甚少的跨膜蛋白的预测准确度．     

磁性珠状纤维素亲和吸附剂的制备与应用

采用反相悬浮包埋技术制备了粒径小于300um、粒径分布窄和湿态孔度高(85%～90%)的高顺磁性珠状纤维素,经高碘酸钠活化后,与具有生物活性的绒毛膜促性腺激素偶联,得磁性亲和吸附剂(每克磁性珠状纤维素上固载300～400IU绒毛膜促性腺激素).     

An Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of L‐Cysteine and Nanosized Prussian Blue on Gold Electrode for Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

A novel amperometric immunosensor based on L ‐cysteine/nanosized Prussian blue bilayer films ({NPB/L ‐cys}₂) and gold nanoparticles (nano‐Au) was fabricated for determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). First, L ‐cys and NPB was self‐assembled by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technology to form {NPB/L ‐cys}₂ bilayer films on the gold electrode. Subsequently, nano‐Au layer was immobilized on the {NPB/L ‐cys}₂ bilayer films by electrodepositing gold chloride tetrahydrate and then anti‐HCG was assembly on the nano‐Au layer. Finally hemoglobin (Hb) was employed to block sites against nonspecific binding. With the electrocatalytic ability of Hb and NPB for the reduction of H₂O₂, the current signal of the antigen‐antibody reaction was amplified and the enhanced sensitivity was achieved. In this study, the assembly process and performance of the immunosensor were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the morphology was researched by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immunosensor performed a high sensitivity and a wide linear response to HCG in two ranges from 0.5 to 10 mIU/mL and from 10 to 200 mIU/mL with a relatively low detection limit of 0.2 mIU/mL at 3 times the background noise, as well as good stability and long‐term life.     

Gold Nanoparticle‐labeled Electrochemical Immunoassay Using Open Circuit Potential for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Detection

This study presents a new approach for an electrochemical immunoassay using gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐labeled antibodies and pre‐oxidation and reduction processes, followed by open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. Detection of the pregnancy marker, human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), was used as a model. After preparation of a sandwich‐type immunosystem, the pre‐oxidation and reduction processes were applied, followed by OCP detection. The applied potential and time period were studied for the optimization of pre‐oxidation and reduction processes. We observed that the pre‐oxidation potential of 1.2 V for 60 s and reduction potential of −0.2 V for 30 s provided the highest OCP signal. The detection limit was 79 pg/mL using the optimal conditions. This system could be applied to a simplified and miniaturized diagnostic system for integration in compact analytical devices.     

乳化剂OP对饮料中铅铜溶出增敏作用的研究及应用

探讨了乳化剂ＯＰ对饮料中铅,铜溶出的增敏作用,不同类型饮料中基质成分的影响与检出限的关系。研究了活性剂的种类,反应介质,溶出条件及共存物质的影响,拟定出同位镀汞标准加入法同时测定饮料中铅,铜的最佳分析条件。方法较已往的电位溶出分析相比,具有分辨率高,选择性强,高灵敏度,简便,快速,准确等特点,有很好的实用推广价值。     

Labelless impedance immunosensor based on polypyrrole-pyrolecarboxylic acid copolymer for hCG detection

In this work, a sensitive label-free impedimetric hCG-immunosensor was constructed by using a commercial screen-printing carbon ink electrode (namely disposable electrochemical printed chip) as the basis. The carbon ink electrode of DEP chip is modified first by deposition of polypyrrole-pyrole-2-carboxylic acid copolymer and thence hCG antibody immobilization via the COOH groups of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, which can serve as a linker for covalent biomolecular immobilization. The experimental results exposed that the designed immunosensor is more sensitive than other previously reported immunosensors, in the case of detection limit and linear range for antigen detection. With optimal fabrication parameters, the detection limit for α-hCG was 2.3 pg/mL in 10 mM phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution containing 1% bovine serum albumine (BSA). Moreover, the use of inexpensive DEP chip as a basis for these immunosensors will allow for simple instrumentation, disposable and portable at low cost. This work also demonstrates a new approach to develop a sensitive and label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on screen-printed electrode for applications in clinical diagnosis.     

Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Redox Signal Enhancement for Sensitive Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone

A sensitive immunosensor for the detection of pregnancy marker, human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), was developed using the direct electrical detection of Au nanoparticles. We utilized disposable screen‐printed carbon strips (SPCSs) for the development of our immunosensor, which provided cost‐effective tests with the required antigen sample volume as small as 2 μL. After the recognition reaction between the surface‐immobilized primary antibody and hCG, the captured antigen was sandwiched with a secondary antibody that was labeled with Au nanoparticles. Au nanoparticles were exposed to a preoxidation process at 1.2 V for 40 s, which was subsequently followed with a reduction scan on the same surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). We could observe Au nanoparticle‐labeled antigen‐antibody complexes immobilized on the surface of SPCS using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the number of Au nanoparticles on the immunosensor was determined using SEM images, and showed a linear relationship with the current intensity obtained from the DPV measurements with a detection limit of 36 pg/mL hCG (612 fM, 3.6×10^?4 IU/mL). Our immunosensor system, a combination of the screen‐printing technology with Au nanoparticles provides a promising biosensor for various applications in life sciences.     

STUDIES ON THE TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF POTENTIAL ENERGY PROFILE OF ELEMENTARY REACTIONS

In the present paper cusp catastrophe is used to model the topological property of poten-tial energy profile of elementary reactions, and four typical situations, which can be trans-formed into two types, have been systematically analyzed with 58 independent elementaryreactions. The main results obtained here are (i) the concept of activation energy is brieflydiscussed and extended; (ii) the reaction O+ CO→CO_2 is found to belong to type Ⅳ, not totype Ⅰ;and (iii) there may be some special correlation between α_1 and α_2. Finally the neces-sary discussions are carried out.     

Amperometric immunosensors based on layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles and methylene blue on thiourea modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin

Nano-Au and methylene blue (MB) were assembled layer-by-layer (LBL) into films on the glassy carbon electrode modified by thiourea for detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The electrode modification process was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The factors influencing the performance of the amperometric immunosensor were studied in detail. Tests performed with this immunosensor showed good linearity, the working range for the system was 1.0–100.0 mIU/mL with a detection limit of 0.3 mIU/mL at 3σ. Moreover, the studied immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability. The present work supplied a promising test method for clinical immunoassay.     

插拔式压电肿瘤标志物微阵列免疫传感器的研制

以AT切型、基频10 MHz的金膜石英晶体作为换能器,通过螺旋检测池固定夹具构建一种新型插拔式压电石英晶体传感器,并组装成2×5型压电肿瘤标志物微阵列免疫传感器。研究了传感器的响应特性及参数。该微阵列传感器在甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)质量浓度分别为20~640μg/L、1.56~50μg/L、1.25~50μg/L、2.5~250 mIU/mL的范围内,压电石英晶体振荡频率偏移值对肿瘤标志物浓度均呈现良好的响应特性。应用微阵列传感器测定68例临床血清标本,结果与化学发光免疫分析法符合(相关系数分别为0.92、0.90、0.91、0.94)。该压电肿瘤标志物传感器微阵列具有结构简单、操作方便、稳定性好、灵敏度和特异性高,不需标记,能实时检测和重复使用等优点,可用于临床实验诊断,具有临床推广应用价值。