New processes in material production under high pressure

Abstract

To investigate processes of producing high-quality materials using high pressures of gas VNIIMETMASH has developed 3-400 MN hot isostatic presses (HIPes) with working pressure up to 200 MPa and temperature up to 2000°C. Ar and N2 are used as working gases. Frame and vessel units of such machines are of multi-element structure which eliminates the possibility of its fragmentation failure and instant release of compressed gas energy. HIPes are intended for healing defects in casting and compacting metallic, ceramic and composite materials.     

高压下物质性质的研究

概述了高压（力）下物质性质研究的方法、历史和最新发展。     

Electrotransport and magnetic properties of Cr-GaSb phases synthesized under high pressure

The electrotransport and magnetic properties of new phases in the Cr-GaSb system were studied. The samples were prepared by high-pressure (P=6-8 GPa), high-temperature treatment and identified by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. One of the CrGa(2)Sb(2) phases with an orthorhombic structure Iba2 has a combination of ferromagnetic and semiconductor properties and is potentially promising for spintronic applications. Another high-temperature phase is paramagnetic and identified as tetragonal I4/mcm.     

A new cell for X-ray absorption spectroscopy study under high pressure

X-ray absorption fine structure （XAFS） spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the investigation of the local environment around selected atoms in condensed matter. XAFS under pressure is an important method for the synchrotron source. We design a cell for a high pressure XAFS experiment. Sintered boron carbide is used as the anvils of this high pressure cell in order to obtain a full XAFS spectrum free from diffraction peaks. In addition, a hydraulic pump was adopted to make in-suit pressure modulation. High quality XAFS spectra of ZrH2 under high pressure （up to 13 GPa） were obtained by this cell.     

A new cell for X-ray absorption spectroscopy study under high pressure

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the investigation of the local environment around selected atoms in condensed matter. XAFS under pressure is an important method for the synchrotron source. We design a cell for a high pressure XAFS experiment. Sintered boron carbide is used as the anvils of this high pressure cell in order to obtain a full XAFS spectrum free from diffraction peaks. In addition, a hydraulic pump was adopted to make in-suit pressure modulation. High quality XAFS spectra of ZrH2 under high pressure (up to 13 Gpa) were obtained by this cell.     

Elastic properties of metastable crystalline and amorphous gasb-ge semiconductors synthesized under high pressure

We present the systematic study of the elastic shear G and bulk B moduli in amorphous and crystalline metastable ternary solid solutions (GaSb)_1?x Ge_2x . It is found that the moduli of crystalline phases initially decrease with Ge concentration, falling down to minimum values at 20-30% Ge. The minimal values of elastic moduli for amorphous samples are observed at 50-60% Ge. Elastic softness of crystalline solid solutions is assumed to be related to the increase of chemical disorder and, consequently, of static (non-thermal) geometrical disorder in positions of atoms. An additional topological disorder in amorphous solid solutions leads to additional elastic softening.     

A new polymorphic transition of FeTaO4 under high pressure

A phase transition of FeTaO₄ was observed under high pressures from the rutile type structure to the wolframite type structure, and the boundary between the two phases was found to be expressible approximately by p(kbar) = 0.065 T(K) + 52.     

Interaction of food packaging material and selected food components under high pressure

Abstract

Interactions between ethanolic solutions of p-cymene and acetophenone and different polymer packaging materials. were studied at 500 MPa and 25° C. p-Cymene solution, filled into low-density polyethylene bags, lost 30% of its aroma concentration after 24 h at 500 MPa compared to a 60% loss at atmospheric pressure. The decrease was strongest within the first 15 min. Using LDPE/HDPE/LDPE bags, losses were 20% and 30%, resp. Applying the “bag in the bag” method, p-cymene concentrations measured inside and outside the inner bag has shown sorption by the pressurized film to be one third of that by the non-pressurized. In PET/AI/LDPE bags impermeable to p-cymene, sorption was confined to the inner LDPE layer and caused higher loss in the non-pressurized sample. Acetophenone has not been found to interact with the polymer during pressure treatment, while at atmospheric pressure sorption loss in aroma concentration was nearly 70% after 60 h.     

混合物质高压状态方程的计算

 介绍了在温度相同的条件下,混合物中各组元通过密度-压强迭代法,达到温度和压强平衡,再结合叠加原理,编程计算出混合物质状态方程。为验证该程序,对氘氚与氩按不同比例混合时的状态参量进行了分析。当氘氚中含少量氩时,计算得到的状态方程与纯氘氚符合较好;同样地,氩中含少量氘氚时的状态方程也与纯氩的很接近。这说明该程序是可行的。     

混合物质高压状态方程的计算

介绍了在温度相同的条件下,混合物中各组元通过密度-压强迭代法,达到温度和压强平衡,再结合叠加原理,编程计算出混合物质状态方程。为验证该程序,对氘氚与氩按不同比例混合时的状态参量进行了分析。当氘氚中含少量氩时,计算得到的状态方程与纯氘氚符合较好;同样地,氩中含少量氘氚时的状态方程也与纯氩的很接近。这说明该程序是可行的。     

A new structure of mercury under pressure

A reentrant trigonal (α)-Hg phase and a new hcp (δ)-Hg phase have been observed in energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements on mercury at room temperature and pressures up to 39 GPa. Studies at higher temperatures give first indications for a maximum in the α-β phase line at about 8(1) GPa and 380(10) K and an α-β-δ triple point at about 27(5) GPa and 180(20) K.     

A new approach to melting under pressure

Abstract

A theory is presented that predicts the melting curve and the solid-solid-liquid triple point of a solid. It is based on the elastic properties of the crystal.     

高压电导研究

高压下物质结构和性质会发生很大的改变,电导对于认识压力的作用效应和寻找新的导电材料具有重要意义.高压电导研究所采用的设备主要有金刚石压腔、超高压大腔体装置（大压机）以及高压电导池三种.金刚石压腔可达550GPa压力;超高压大腔体装置压力一般在30GPa以下,可以提供较大体积的样品;高压电导池主要进行流体的电导研究,压力在400MPa以下,有静止和流动两种类型,流动式高压电导池是近年来才发展起来的,其准确方便.文章对目前高压电导的研究进行简单的介绍和分析.     

Gold under high pressure

Abstract

First principle predictions for the equation of state of gold using solid and liquid state theories are compared up to combined pressures and temperatures of 600 GPa and 17 000 K with static diamond anvil cell compression, ultrasonic measurements and shock Hugoniot data which include a recent laser driven shock Hugoniot points at 600 GPa. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental data is observed. The theoretically estimated 300 K isotherm agrees to within 2 GPa with the isotherm that has been measured to 70 GPa using the diamond anvil cell. The structural energy estimates show that the normal f.c.c. phase remains stable under pressure. The estimate of the shock Hugoniot temperature of gold at 600 GPa based on a liquid state model is consistent with the measurements of laser induced shock luminescence, which in fact provides an experimental determination of the temperature of gold above its Hugoniot melting point. The powerful means provided by theory in the prediction of material properties of gold at ultra high pressures and temperatures is significant because gold is an efficient converter of laser energy into soft X-rays and is a potential candidate as a standard for high pressure, high temperature work.     

高压电导研究

高压下物质结构和性质会发生很大的改变，电导对于认识压力的作用效应和寻找新的导电材料具有重要意义．高压电导研究所采用的设备主要有金刚石压腔、超高压大腔体装置(大压机)以及高压电导池三种．金刚石压腔可达550GPa压力；超高压大腔体装置压力一般在30GPa以下，可以提供较大体积的样品；高压电导池主要进行流体的电导研究，压力在400MPa以下，有静止和流动两种类型，流动式高压电导池是近年来才发展起来的，其准确方便．文章对目前高压电导的研究进行简单的介绍和分析．     

Systematic method to new phases of polymeric nitrogen under high pressure

A systematic method to unravel a large class of single-bonded (SB) polymeric phases of nitrogen under high pressure is presented. The approach is based on the combinatorial generation of different Peierls-like distortions of a given reference structure that maintain the threefold connectivity of SB nitrogen, followed by first-principles calculations. Using an eight atom simple cubic reference structure, the approach not only recovers all four SB nitrogen phases reported to date, but eight new metastable structures (confirmed by phonon density of states calculations) are found. Basic properties of the structures are computed and the trends analyzed. Extensions to the method are straightforward and should lead to the discovery of more phases of polynitrogen.     

高压条件下材料强度测量方法北大核心CSCD

在神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上开展了Al材料在高压（大于10GPa）、高应变率（10^5～10^8s^-1）的情况下材料强度特性实验方法研究。实验采用“有机材料真空间隙一样品”的靶构型（气库靶）对Al样品进行准等熵压缩,从而使Al样品的温度保持在熔点以下,材料仍具有强度特性。为了测量Al样品的RT不稳定性扰动增长,实验采用Ti作面背光材料,通过X光针孔成像获得样品的面向背光照相图像,获得了不同时刻RT不稳定性的增长因子,实验中采用连续相位板（CPP）对激光源进行了优化,提高了背光源和驱动源的均匀性。结果表明在现有高功率激光装置上可进行中z材料的RT不稳定性增长测量,验证了通过RT不稳定性增长测量来研究高压高应变率条件下材料强度的可行性。