光催化制氢反应器内液固两相分布特性模拟研究

针对光催化制氢反应器的特点,基于Sato叠加假设考虑颗粒对液相湍流的影响,运用CFX的双流体模型,对反应器水平管道内的液固两相流动进行了数值模拟,得到了相应的催化剂颗粒分布、湍流强度分布及相速度分布.结果表明,在液固两相流动条件下,催化剂颗粒在底部形成沉积层,而在管道中心区域,形成拟均匀的悬浮流动形态,这种类型的催化剂颗粒分布对光催化反应的充分进行是不利的.根据两相的速度分布,发现相间的滑移并不明显,这说明催化剂颗粒几乎是随着流体流动的,在实际中,可以运用代数滑移模型(ASM)对这种流动进行模拟计算.     

耦合反应器中化学链燃烧的模拟

基于颗粒动理学和化学动力学理论,建立化学链燃烧计算模型,数值模拟了耦合反应器内化学链燃烧过程,获得了反应器内流场特性和各组分分布规律,并很好地捕捉到了空气反应器中颗粒呈现出的非均匀环核流动结构。模拟结果同时给出了反应器中温度分布规律以及各出口颗粒质量流率和各组分浓度随时间的变化,为耦合反应器的设计优化提供了一定的依据。     

等离子体反应器中传热与流动的三维数值模拟

本文采用我们新发展的三维计算机程序,对有载气和颗粒从单个喷孔侧向喷射的等离子体反应器中的传热与流动以及颗粒的运动轨迹与加热历程进行了三维数值模拟,并与相应的二维数值模拟结果进行了比较。模拟结果表明侧向喷入的载气所引起的三维流动效应相当明显,不同的颗粒在反应器内的运动轨迹与加热历程也有明显差别。     

超临界水流化床内煤气化过程建模与仿真(1):数学模型及物理场分布规律

煤的超临界水气化是极具发展前景的高效洁净煤炭转化技术.本实验室发明新型超临界水流化床反应器,避免了管式反应器中出现的结焦堵塞现象,实现了高浓度煤浆的高效连续气化.本文对超临界水流化床反应器内的物理过程进行了数学建模,并对宽广的温度参数范围下反应器内温度场、流场、以及颗粒停留时间演变规律等进行数值模拟分析,揭示了反应器内部各物理场的特征,加深了对超临界水流化床内流动传热过程的认识,对反应器的运行与设计具有理论参考价值。     

煤炭超临界水流化床制氢反应器内颗粒流动及传热特性的数值分析

煤炭超临界水气化是极具发展前景的高效洁净煤转化利用技术,深入研究反应器内流动和传热过程对反应器的设计及优化具有重要意义.本文基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,耦合化学反应动力学模型,建立了煤炭超临界水流化床制氢反应器的三维瞬态CFD模型,研究了反应器内流动和传热特性、颗粒及产物组分的分布转化规律,得到了煤炭颗粒表面的对流和辐射换热系数,并从传热学的角度,揭示了颗粒粒径对煤炭转化速率的影响机理。     

基于颗粒堆积床模型的线性菲涅尔式太阳能甲醇重整制氢系统综合性能研究

本文建立了线性菲涅尔式太阳能吸热/反应器光热–化学反应过程三维数值模型，并对其缩小模型进行了研究，探究了典型的外部因素(太阳能热流分布)和内部因素(催化剂颗粒半径)对系统流动换热与热化学反应综合性能的影响。首先，基于离散元法建立了催化剂颗粒随机堆积床模型。其次，基于蒙特卡罗光线追迹法与多目标优化遗传算法获得了太阳能热流分布。然后，对比了优化前的、优化后的以及理想情况下的系统综合性能，进一步分析了催化剂颗粒半径的影响。研究发现，热流优化后的系统化学反应性能接近于理想，而减小颗粒半径也可促进化学反应，但会增加流动阻力。催化剂颗粒大小的优选或可综合考虑反应程度、流动阻力和烧结温度限制等进行权衡选取。     

超临界水流化床内两相流特性的数值模拟研究

本文基于欧拉双流体模型和颗粒动理学理论,对超临界水流化床反应器内气固两相流特性进行数值模拟,模拟获得了超临界水流化床反应器内颗粒分布特性和最小流化速度,分析了表观速度、压力、温度、初始床层高度对超临界水流化床流动特性的影响.本文的研究对超临界水流化床反应器结构的设计及操作条件的优化具有重要的指导意义.     

太阳能甲醇重整制氢过程催化剂颗粒床特性及综合性能数值分析

针对太阳能甲醇重整制氢系统的数值研究,以往受限于网格划分和计算资源,多采用假设均匀的多孔介质模型,但难以准确描述微观结构下的多组分热-质传输和化学反应过程。本文结合催化剂颗粒床模型和多孔介质模型各自优势,建立了基于实际催化剂颗粒床孔隙率分布的太阳能甲醇重整制氢系统三维综合数值模型,并将计算结果与传统模型进行对比,发现孔隙率分布对系统性能有着较大的影响,而本文所建的基于实际孔隙率分布的模型更接近于系统真实情况。基于此,本文进一步考察了催化剂颗粒尺寸和运行参数对整个系统流动传热和化学反应综合性能的影响规律。     

用雷诺应力模型计算旋风分离器中气-固两相流动

针对分离器内部的复杂的三维强旋转、气-固两相湍流运动,采用雷诺应力模型(SSG),利用贴体网格技术,模拟计算了分离器内部流动,并将计算结果与实验数据进行分析、比较。分离器内的固体颗粒运动采用涉及湍流扩散影响的随机轨道模型和确定轨道模型,在流场计算的基础上,模拟了不同直径的颗粒在分离器内的运动规律及颗粒分离效率,并同理论和实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

一种固定网格上拉格朗日点追踪的快速算法

提出一种基于非结构网格颗粒追踪的改进算法.在已有算法的基础上,发展适用于包含任意多边形单元界面的混合网格算法,对不共面的空间多边形界面进行虚拟三角化,实现基于任意混合网格的拉格朗日追踪.数值试验证明方法可行可靠.通过对固定容器内喷入的不同数量颗粒进行追踪的数值测试及与文献对比,显示算法高效,在颗粒数为10000时,效率提高约47%.     

各向异性浮力紊流的显式代数应力模型及其验证

在Wallin & Johansson的显式代数雷诺应力模型(EARSM)基础上,引入浮力的紊动效应,使该模型能够反映浮力对紊流运动的影响.利用同位网格上的SIMPLEC算法,模拟了T-型连接管内的温度混合流动.与实验资料和DNS计算结果比较表明,提出的模型能够反映各向异性的浮力紊流特征,而且模型在计算进程中显示出良好的数值收敛性能,与涡粘性两方程模型的计算花费相当.     

核类似铜酸盐超导模型的su_s(1,1)su_d(1,1)代数结构

由Iachello提出的核类似铜酸盐超导模型具有su(3)代数结构,其平均场近似下的Hamilton量可以写成su(3)生成元的线性组合.通过代数生成元的实现,该模型约化的Hamilton量具有Su_s(1,1)SU_d(1,1)代数结构,利用相干算子U(θ,φ)的幺正变换,可得到系统约化Hamilton量的能隙方程及本征值,发现应用不同代数结构求解会得到不同侧重点的分析结果.     

Radial evolution of the finite-width plasma sheet in a Z-pinch-aparametric analysis based on conservation laws

An algebraic method to compute the macroscopic radial-averaged quantities (thickness, density, radial velocity) of the plasma sheet in the first compression of simple z-pinches is presented. Following the snowplow model, a set of MHD equations is written in a reference system in which the internal boundary of the plasma sheet is at rest. The magnetic pressure and the energy losses are both modeled as functions of the radius of the sheet, and a time-independent algebraic equation is obtained. Finding the roots of this expression, the thickness of the plasma sheet as a function of its radius can be computed. The temporal evolution of all the quantities of the plasma sheet can also be obtained making an appropriate change to the reference system. Computed values of the temperature of the sheet are in agreement with experimental values. The ranges of validity for the numerical values of the modeling parameters are analyzed     

Shock-wave model of acoustic cavitation

Shock-wave model of liquid cavitation due to an acoustic wave was developed, showing how the primary energy of an acoustic radiator is absorbed in the cavitation region owing to the formation of spherical shock-waves inside each gas bubble. The model is based on the concept of a hypothetical spatial wave moving through the cavitation region. It permits using the classical system of Rankine-Hugoniot equations to calculate the total energy absorbed in the cavitation region. Additionally, the model makes it possible to explain some newly discovered properties of acoustic cavitation that occur at extremely high oscillatory velocities of the radiators, at which the mode of bubble oscillation changes and the bubble behavior approaches that of an empty Rayleigh cavity. Experimental verification of the proposed model was conducted using an acoustic calorimeter with a set of barbell horns. The maximum amplitude of the oscillatory velocity of the horns' radiating surfaces was 17 m/s. Static pressure in the calorimeter was varied in the range from 1 to 5 bars. The experimental data and the results of the calculations according to the proposed model were in good agreement. Simple algebraic expressions that follow from the model can be used for engineering calculations of the energy parameters of the ultrasonic radiators used in sonochemical reactors.     

外磁场中海森伯反铁磁模型的代数结构和压缩态解

外磁场中的XYZ海森伯反铁磁模型，其哈密顿量在自旋波近似下具有so(3,2)李代数结构. 利用代数对角化方法，可得到压缩态形式的能量本征态和相应的能量本征值. 用此方法进一步讨论本征态的基本性质，并建立反铁磁模型与特定类型的双模耦合谐振子的联系. 关键词： 海森伯反铁磁模型 代数对角化 压缩态     

ALGEBRAIC METHOD FOR VIBRATIONAL ENERGY SPECTRA OF H 2O AND NO 2

文内提出一种研究Ｈ２Ｏ和ＮＯ２高激发伸缩振动的Ｕ（２）代数模型,在极限条件下,该模型退化为一种非谐和耦合的局域模模型,用该模型的六个可调参数拟合实验数据,算得的标准偏差比相应的非谐和耦合的局域模型算得的偏差要小     

A fully coupled 3-D mixed finite element model of Biot consolidation

The numerical solution to the Biot equations of 3-D consolidation is still a challenging task because of the ill-conditioning of the resulting algebraic system and the instabilities that may affect the pore pressure solution. Recently new approaches have been advanced based on mixed formulations. In the present paper a fully coupled 3-D mixed finite element model is developed with the aim at alleviating the pore pressure numerical oscillations at the interface between materials with different permeabilities. A solution algorithm is implemented that takes advantage of the block structure of the discretized problem. The proposed model is verified against well-known analytical solutions and successfully experimented with in realistic applications of soil consolidation.     

新型可压缩尺度在跨声速流动中的应用

基于von Karman长度尺度和新型Reynolds应力本构关系对k-ε湍流模型重构,将k方程封闭,采用代数形式对湍流耗散项进行模化.在KDO（kinetic dependent only）模型的基础上,引入可压缩von Karman长度尺度,得到一种适用于复杂可压缩流动的新型湍流模型CKDO（compressible kinetic dependent only）,在CKDO模型中没有任何经验系数,仅有两个来自边界层精细化标定的可调参数.对RAE2822翼型、轴对称圆筒管道凸起流动、ONERA-M6机翼跨声速流动等算例进行数值计算,结果显示CKDO湍流模型对上述算例流场的压力系数模拟结果与实验值吻合较好,表明CKDO模型能够对跨声速流场进行较为准确的模拟.      

用代数模型研究非刚性HCP分子的振动谱

提出一种研究非刚性HCP分子的高激发非线性振动的代数哈米顿量,它在极限条件下退化为传统的用谐振子算子表示的模型,拟合观测的实验数据表明,代数模型比传统模型较好地描述了这些数据．     

High Level Languages Implementation and Analysis of 3D Navier-Stokes Solvers

In this work we introduce PRIN-3D (PRoto-code for Internal flows modeled by Navier-Stokes equations in 3-Dimensions), a new high level algebraic language (Matlab$^®$) based code, by discussing some fundamental aspects regarding its basic solving kernel and by describing the design of an innovative advection scheme. The main focus was on designing a memory and computationally efficient code that, due to the typical conciseness of the Matlab coding language, could allow for fast and effective implementation of new models or algorithms. Innovative numerical methods are discussed in the paper. The pressure equation is derived with a quasi-segregation technique leading to an iterative scheme obtained within the framework of a global preconditioning procedure. Different levels of parallelization are obtainable by exploiting special pressure variable ordering patterns that lead to a block-structured Poisson-like matrix. Moreover, the new advection scheme has the potential of a controllable artificial diffusivity. Preliminary results are shown including a fully three-dimensional internal laminar flow evolving in a relatively complex geometry and a 3D methane-air flame simulated with the aid of libraries based on the Flamelet model.