Viscous behavior in a quasi-1D fractal cluster glass

The spin glass transition of a quasi-1D organic-based magnet ([MnTPP][TCNE]) is explored using both ac and dc measurements. A scaling analysis of the ac susceptibility shows a spin glass transition near 4 K, with a viscous decay of the thermoremanent magnetization recorded above 4 K. We propose an extension to a fractal cluster model of spin glasses that determines the dimension of the spin clusters (D) ranging from approximately 0.8 to over 1.5 as the glass transition is approached. Long-range dipolar interactions are suggested as the origin of this low value for the apparent lower critical dimension.     

Breakdown of integrability in a quasi-1D ultracold bosonic gas

We demonstrate that virtual excitations of higher radial modes in an atomic Bose gas in a tightly confining waveguide result in effective three-body collisions that violate integrability in this quasi-one-dimensional quantum system and give rise to thermalization. The estimated thermalization rates are consistent with recent experimental results in quasi-1D dynamics of ultracold atoms.     

Variable-range hopping in 2D quasi-1D electronic systems

A semi-phenomenological theory of variable-range hopping (VRH) is developed for two-dimensional (2D) quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) systems such as arrays of quantum wires in the Wigner crystal regime. The theory follows the phenomenology of Efros, Mott and Shklovskii allied with microscopic arguments. We first derive the Coulomb gap in the single-particle density of states, g(ε), where ε is the energy of the charge excitation. We then derive the main exponential dependence of the electron conductivity in the linear (L), i.e. σ(T) ∼exp [-(T_L/T)^γL], and current in the non-linear (NL), i.e. , response regimes ( is the applied electric field). Due to the strong anisotropy of the system and its peculiar dielectric properties we show that unusual, with respect to known results, Coulomb gaps open followed by unusual VRH laws, i.e. with respect to the disorder-dependence of T_L and and the values of γ_L and γ_NL.     

NaV2O4: a quasi-1D metallic antiferromagnet with half-metallic chains

NaV2O4 crystals were grown under high pressure using a NaCl flux, and the crystals were characterized with x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, and magnetization. The structure of NaV2O4 consists of double chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra. The resistivity is highly anisotropic, with the resistivity perpendicular to the chains more than 20 times greater than that parallel to the chains. Magnetically, the intrachain interactions are ferromagnetic and the interchain interactions are antiferromagnetic; 3D antiferromagnetic order is established at 140 K. First-principles electronic structure calculations indicate that the chains are half-metallic. Interestingly, the case of NaV2O4 seems to be a quasi-1D analogue of what was found for half-metallic materials.     

Density of quantum states in quasi-1D layers

Recently, new quantum effects have been studied in thin nanograting layers. Nanograting on the surface imposes additional boundary conditions on the electron wave function and reduces the density of states (DOS). When the nanograting dimensions are close to the de Broglie wavelength, the DOS reduction is considerable and leads to changes in the layer properties. DOS calculations are challenging to perform and are related to the quantum billiard problem. Performing such calculations requires finding the solutions for the time-independent Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Here, we use a numerical method, namely the Method of Auxiliary Sources, which offers significant computational cost reduction relative to other numerical methods. We found the first five eigenfunctions for the nanograting layer and compared them with the corresponding eigenfunctions for a plain layer by calculating the correlation coefficients. Furthermore, the numerical data were used to analyze the DOS reduction. The nanograting is shown to reduce the probability of occupation of a particular quantum state, reducing the integrated DOS by as much as 4.1-fold. This reduction in the DOS leads to considerable changes in the electronic properties.     

Model-based control of combustion instabilities

Model-based active controllers are designed for two laboratory combustion systems exhibiting a combustion instability, a simple Rijke tube and an atmospheric pressure combustion rig. The unstable open-loop transfer functions (OLTFs) of both are measured experimentally using an actuator signal which is comprised of two components; a control signal from an empirically obtained controller, and a wide-bandwidth signal for identification of the transfer function. This method of measuring the OLTF could be applied equally well at full scale. Robust model-based controllers are designed for both systems using linear Nyquist techniques, and are implemented experimentally. Both sets of controllers stabilise their system (even from within the limit cycle resulting from instability), with a reduction of 80 dB at the Rijke tube microphone and a reduction of approximately 40 dB at the combustion rig pressure transducer. In addition, both sets of controllers are demonstrated to control the system beyond the operating conditions which they were designed for, demonstrating the advantages of robust model-based controllers.     

Bright and dark solitons in a quasi-1D Bose-Einstein condensates modelled by 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation with time-dependent parameters

We investigate the exact bright and dark solitary wave solutions of an effective 1D Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by assuming that the interaction energy is much less than the kinetic energy in the transverse direction. In particular, following the earlier works in the literature Pérez-García et al. (2004) [50], Serkin et al. (2007) [51], Gurses (2007) [52] and Kundu (2009) [53], we point out that the effective 1D equation resulting from the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation can be transformed into the standard soliton (bright/dark) possessing, completely integrable 1D nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation by effecting a change of variables of the coordinates and the wave function. We consider both confining and expulsive harmonic trap potentials separately and treat the atomic scattering length, gain/loss term and trap frequency as the experimental control parameters by modulating them as a function of time. In the case when the trap frequency is kept constant, we show the existence of different kinds of soliton solutions, such as the periodic oscillating solitons, collapse and revival of condensate, snake-like solitons, stable solitons, soliton growth and decay and formation of two-soliton bound state, as the atomic scattering length and gain/loss term are varied. However, when the trap frequency is also modulated, we show the phenomena of collapse and revival of two-soliton like bound state formation of the condensate for double modulated periodic potential and bright and dark solitons for step-wise modulated potentials.     

Instabilities and the roton spectrum of a quasi-1D Bose-Einstein condensed gas with dipole-dipole interactions

We point out the possibility of having a roton-type excitation spectrum in a quasi-1D Bose-Einstein condensate with dipole-dipole interactions. Normally such a system is quite unstable due to the attractive portion of the dipolar interaction. However, by reversing the sign of the dipolar interaction using either a rotating magnetic field or a laser with circular polarization, a stable cigar-shaped configuration can be achieved whose spectrum contains a roton minimum analogous to that found in helium II. Dipolar gases also offer the exciting prospect of tuning the depth of this roton minimum by directly controlling the interparticle interaction strength. When the minimum touches the zero-energy axis the system is once again unstable, possibly to the formation of a density wave.Received: 26 August 2004, Published online: 26 October 2004PACS: 03.75.Hh Static properties of condensates; thermodynamical, statistical and structural properties. - 03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow - 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems     

Time evolution of wave-packets in quasi-1D disordered media

We have investigated numerically the quantum evolution of a -like wave-packet in a quenched disordered medium described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with long-range hopping (band random matrix approach). We have obtained clean data for the scaling properties in time and in the bandwidth b of the packet width and its fluctuations with respect to disorder realizations. We confirm that the fluctuations of the packet width in the steady-state show an anomalous scaling [0pt] with [0pt] . This can be related to the presence of non-Gaussian tails in the distribution of [0pt]. Finally, we have analysed the steady state probability profile and we have found 1/b corrections with respect to the theoretical formula derived by Zhirov in the limit, except at the origin, where the corrections are . Received 6 August 1999 and Received in final form 22 October 1999     

Effect of 1D correlations on the phase transition in quasi-1D metallic systems

1D–3D crossover is investigated in the Gorkov-Dzyaloshinskii model of weakly coupled metallic chains using the multiplicative renormalization group method. A two-step scaling procedure is carried out using different approximations in the 1D and 3D regions with matching at the crossover temperature defined here. In those cases when the 1D charge density wave (CDW) susceptibility diverges as T → 0, CDW-type phase transition is found to occur in the 3D system. The critical temperature of the transition is calculated.     

Bipolaron in a quasi-0D quantum dot

Bipolaron states in a quasi-0D quantum dot with a spherical parabolic confinement potential are investigated by applying the Feynman variational principle. The bipolaron coupling energy and self-action potential energy are found to increase with an increase in the Fröhlich electron–phonon-coupling constant. There is also a non-monotonic dependence of the bipolaron coupling energy on the quantum dot radius. With decreasing structure radius the bipolaron coupling energy increases. However, from a critical radius it starts decreasing as the radius decreases, due to the dominance of the coulomb-to-phonon mediated interaction. When electrons in the bipolaron are forcefully neighboured, the polarization of the structure is intensified and consequently there is Coulomb repulsion. The possibility of bipolaron formation depends on the strength of the direct Coulomb repulsion which, in turn, depends on the quantum dot radius. The main contribution to the bipolaron coupling energy comes from the self-action potential. This self-action potential energy influences the energy state of the bipolaron considerably. The ratio of optical-to-static dielectric constants significantly affects the bipolaron coupling energy.     

Control of conductance in a quasi-1D channel in the presence of spin-orbit coupling

The electron energy spectrum and conductance in a quasi-1D channel with spin-orbit coupling is calculated. The channel is divided into two parts by a potential barrier. It is shown that a change in the barrier electric potential yields additional extema of the function ?(k). This results in modification of the conductance quantization law. The quantum states and conductance are calculated for the parameters of real structures with weak both and relatively strong spin-orbit coupling.     

Characteristic features of microcontact spectra of contacts between a metal and a quasi-1D conductor with a charge density wave

The current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) of Cu−K_0.3MoO₃ point contacts are investigated. The character of the nonlinearity and the observed asymmetric features of the IVCs indicate that a substantial shift of the chemical potential occurs near the boundary with the normal metal. Deformation of the charge density wave by an applied electric field leads to strong bending of the energy bands and to the formation of a potential well, whereupon the Fermi level falls within the region of allowed single-electron states. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 67, No. 2, 146–151 (25 January 1998)     

Transition to 1D conduction with decreasing thickness of the crystals of TaS3 and NbSe3 quasi-1D conductors

It is found that, with decreasing thickness of the crystals of TaS₃ and NbSe₃ quasi-1D conductors, the dependences of the conductivity of these crystals on temperature and electric field change from the form typical of bulk samples to a nearly power law behavior typical of 1D electron systems.