An alternative approach to determine the spot-size of a multi-mode laser beam and its application to diode laser beams

An alternative approach is suggested to determine the spot-size of a multi-mode laser beam. It has been shown by simulations that the suggested approach can give the beam quality factor and characteristic radius with less than 5% error. Unlike the power content method, the proposed method is applicable to the beams even with diameter one tenth of the CCD size. The new approach has been applied to a multi-mode diode laser output and it is shown that the ABCD matrix analysis can be used for beam propagation, with the measured parameters of the laser.     

Parallel finite difference beam propagation method based on message passing interface: application to MMI couplers with two-dimensional confinement

The alternate-direction implicit finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is used to analyze the two-dimensional (2D) symmetrical multimode interference (MMI) couplers. The positions of the images at the output plane and the length of multimode waveguide are accurately determined numerically. In order to reduce calculation time, the parallel processing of the arithmetic is implemented by the message passing interface and the simulation is accomplished by eight personal computers.     

旋转柔性悬臂梁动力学的Bezier插值离散方法研究

在旋转柔性梁变形场描述中,引入Bezier插值离散方法.首先构建旋转运动悬臂梁物理模型,接着采用第二类Lagrange动力学方程和Bezier插值离散方法,在计入柔性梁横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短的情况下,推导了旋转柔性梁的刚柔耦合动力学方程,并编制旋转柔性梁的动力学仿真软件,然后通过仿真算例对系统的动力学问题进行研究.最后将仿真结果与有限元法、假设模态法进行分析比较,验证了提出的Bezier插值离散方法的正确性,并得出Bezier插值离散法的计算效率较高;计算精度符合工程实际需要,高速时计算精度大于假设模态法;Bezier插值离散方法在处理大柔性问题时比假设模态法合理.因此在多体系统动力学领域具有优良性能和应用价值的Bezier插值离散方法将具有推广价值.     

An optimal iteration method with application to the Thomas-Fermi equation

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approximate method, namely the Optimal Parametric Iteration Method (OPIM) to provide an analytical approximate solution to Thomas-Fermi equation. This new iteration approach provides us with a convenient way to optimally control the convergence of the approximate solution. A good agreement between the obtained solution and some well-known results has been demonstrated. The proposed technique can be easily applied to handle other strongly nonlinear problems.     

基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计

以艾里光束为代表的自加速光束是一类在自由空间中具有弯曲传播特性的新型特殊光束.这类光束因其具有无衍射、自加速和自修复等奇异特性引起了人们的广泛关注,有望应用于光学微粒操控、激光微加工、全光路由和超分辨成像等诸多领域.由于艾里光束只能沿着抛物线的轨迹传播,限制了其在实际应用中的灵活性,因而设计出能够沿着不同轨迹传播的自加速光束是这一研究领域的关键问题,而基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计是解决该问题的有效途径之一.这一方法是将设计的传播轨迹与光学焦散线联系起来,通过分析形成该焦散线所需的光线簇构造出对应的初始场分布.基于该原理并经过不断发展,不同类型的自加速光束相继得以实现,并且借助维格纳函数还可以同时实现实空间和傅里叶空间的自加速光束设计,为自加速光束的应用提供了更多的可能性.本文对基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计原理和进展进行全面介绍.     

基于非球面镜的圆环形光束非线性整形方法

提出了一种利用非球面镜对圆环形光束进行非线性整形的方法,该方法利用两个高次非球面镜片小角度放置组成光束变换光路,能够在几乎不损失功率的情况下灵活调整环形光束的遮拦比和强度分布,也能够实现空心光束和实心光束的相互转换,且镜片加工难度低。实验结果表明,利用该方法搭建的光路与理论分析结果吻合较好,能够较好地对光束进行非线性整形。     

基于非球面镜的圆环形光束非线性整形方法

提出了一种利用非球面镜对圆环形光束进行非线性整形的方法,该方法利用两个高次非球面镜片小角度放置组成光束变换光路,能够在几乎不损失功率的情况下灵活调整环形光束的遮拦比和强度分布,也能够实现空心光束和实心光束的相互转换,且镜片加工难度低。实验结果表明,利用该方法搭建的光路与理论分析结果吻合较好,能够较好地对光束进行非线性整形。     

A substructure approach tailored to the dynamic analysis of multi-span continuous beams under moving loads

The paper deals with the dynamic analysis of multiply supported continuous beams subjected to moving loads, which in turn can be modelled either as moving forces or moving masses. A dedicated variant of the component mode synthesis (CMS) method is proposed in which the classical primary-secondary substructure approach (SA) is tailored to cope with slender (i.e. Euler-Bernoulli) continuous beams with arbitrary geometry. To do this, the whole structure is ideally decomposed in primary and secondary spans with convenient restraints, whose exact eigenfunctions are used as assumed local modes; the representation of the internal forces is improved with the help of two additional assumed modes for each primary span, while primary-secondary influence functions allow satisfying the kinematical compatibility between adjacent spans; the continuous beam is then re-assembled, and the Lagrange's equations of motion are derived in a compact block-matrix setting for both moving force and moving mass model. Numerical examples demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure. An application with a platoon of high-speed moving masses confirms that the inertial effects neglected in the moving force model may have a significant impact in the structural response.     

Beam-propagation method based on the Wigner transform: a new formulation

A new formulation of the classical scalar beam-propagation method is derived by use of the Wigner transform. The new method is faster than the classical beam-propagation method because no Fourier transform must be computed. An example given to illustrate the proposed method shows additional advantages.     

基于准直光束的高精度滚转角测量方法研究

对于滚转角测量精度低并且难于测量的问题,提出了一种基于准直光束光斑位置变化的高精度滚转角测量方法。当被测物转动时,CCD上2光斑位置随之改变,2个光斑中心连线斜率亦改变。斜率变化由被测物俯仰、偏摆、滚转运动引起。在测量系统中基于自准直原理测量偏摆角和俯仰角,运用相关的算法,消除由偏摆和俯仰运动引起的滚转角误差,从而实现滚转角的精确测量。同时运用Zemax建立系统仿真模型,进行了滚转角的仿真实验测量。将仿真实验结果输入到滚转角解算模型中解算,结果表明:在0～1 800范围内滚转角的解算值与Zemax的设定值完全一致,由此验证了测量方法的可行性及正确性。     

An integral formulation of the shallow-water equations for a rotating basin of variable depth

Summary An integral formulation of the linearized shallow-water equations for a rotating basin, able to face numerically several oceanographical problems, like the diffraction of a Kelvin wave by a bay or the tide propagation in a gulf, is presented. Some general considerations are carried out about the main features of the formulation and the existing links with other similar approaches.

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Riassunto Si presenta una formulazione integrale delle equazioni linearizzate di acqua bassa per un bacino ruotante, capace di affrontare numericamente diversi problemi oceanografici, come la diffrazione di un'onda di Kelvin da parte di una baia o la propagazione mareale in un golfo. Si espongono quindi alcune considerazioni generali circa le caratteristiche principali di questa formulazione e i suoi legami con altri approcci similari.

     

Infrared small moving target detection method based on graph matching

We apply graph matching method to detect infrared small moving targets using image sequences. Candidates （interest points） detected in the first frame form one graph and the same candidates in the last frame form another one. The real moving targets are extracted by matching these two graphs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and efficient to the translation and rotation of the background.     

The effect of the rotating double-prism wide-angle laser beam scanner on the beam shape

In this paper, we describe a wide-angle laser beam scanner and the rigorous result of the wide-angle laser beam scanner was obtained with the help of the vector refraction theory. Using the rigorous results, the distortion of the beam shape was discussed. The distortion of the beam shape is varying with the different relative angles of the double prisms. According to the conservation of the energy, the distribution of the laser intensity is changed too.     

Identification of structural damage based on locally perturbed dynamic equilibrium with an application to beam component

In recognition of the obvious limitations of most global vibration-based and local guided-wave-based damage detection techniques, a novel inverse identification approach was developed by canvassing the local perturbance to equilibrium characteristics of the structural component under inspection. Characterized by high-order spatial derivatives, this approach has in particular proven sensitivity to structural damage. Most importantly, it requires neither benchmark structures nor baseline signals; neither global models nor additional excitation sources as long as the structure undergoes steady vibration under its normal operation. Independent of a global model, prior knowledge on structural boundary conditions is not compulsory. To minimize unavoidable influence of measurement noise on high-order spatial derivatives, various de-noising treatments, including wavenumber filtering, optimal selection of measurement configuration and hybrid information fusion were introduced independently. Using a simple beam as a representative structural component for illustration, relationships among vibration frequency, density of measurement points and size of detectable damage were explored, facilitating a judicious selection of measurement parameters. Proof-of-concept validation was numerically conducted, and then experimentally demonstrated using a scanning laser vibrometer. In principle, this proposed methodology is applicable to a complex system comprising various structural components, provided that the local equilibrium relationships of the components are known a priori.     

Complementary method to locate atomic coordinates by combined searching method of structure-sensitive indexes based on bond valence method

Bond valence method illustrates the relation between valence and length of a particular bond type. This theory has been used to predict structure information, but the effect is very limited. In this paper, two indexes, i.e., global instability index(GII) and bond strain index(BSI), are adopted as a judgment of a search-match program for prediction. The results show that with GII and BSI combined as judgment, the predicted atom positions are very close to real ones. The mechanism and validity of this searching program are also discussed. The GII BSI distribution contour map reveals that the predicted function is a reflection of exponential feature of bond valence formula. This combined searching method may be integrated with other structure-determination method, and may be helpful in refining and testifying light atom positions.     

An immersed boundary method based on discrete stream function formulation for two- and three-dimensional incompressible flows

An immersed boundary method is proposed in the framework of discrete stream function formulation for incompressible flows. In order to impose the non-slip boundary condition, the forcing term is determined implicitly by solving a linear system. The number of unknowns of the linear system is the same as that of the Lagrangian points representing the body surface. Thus the extra cost in force calculation is negligible if compared with that in the basic flow solver. In order to handle three-dimensional flows at moderate Reynolds numbers, a parallelized flow solver based on the present method is developed using the domain decomposition strategy. To verify the accuracy of the immersed-boundary method proposed in this work, flow problems of different complexity (decaying vortices, flows over stationary and oscillating cylinders and a stationary sphere, and flow over low-aspect-ratio flat-plate) are simulated and the results are in good agreement with the experimental or computational data in previously published literatures.     

Full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method based on the modified alternating direction implicit method

A modified alternating direction implicit algorithm is proposed to solve the full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method formulation based on $H$ fields. The cross-coupling terms are neglected in the first sub-step, but evaluated and doubly used in the second sub-step. The order of two sub-steps is reversed for each transverse magnetic field component so that the cross-coupling terms are always expressed in implicit form, thus the calculation is very efficient and stable. Moreover, an improved six-point finite-difference scheme with high accuracy independent of specific structures of waveguide is also constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms along the transverse directions. The imaginary-distance procedure is used to assess the validity and utility of the present method. The field patterns and the normalized propagation constants of the fundamental mode for a buried rectangular waveguide and a rib waveguide are presented. Solutions are in excellent agreement with the benchmark results from the modal transverse resonance method.     

An application of a first-order formulation of the Regge calculus

A numerical Regge spacetime is constructed by way of a new formulation of the Regge calculus [1,2,3]. The results obtained are compared with the known exact results [4]. It will be shown that the approximations suggested in [3] are, in this instance, very accurate.     

基于绝对节点坐标法的大变形柔性梁几种动力学模型研究

对在平面内大范围转动的大变形柔性梁动力学进行了研究, 基于绝对节点坐标法建立了一种新的大变形柔性梁的非线性动力学模型. 该动力学模型中考虑了柔性梁的轴向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形, 利用Green-Lagrangian应变张量计算柔性梁的轴向应变及应变能, 利用曲率的精确表达式计算柔性梁的横向弯曲变形能. 运用拉格朗日恒等式给出了柔性梁横向弯曲变形能新的表达式, 该变形能表达式更加简洁, 通过新的变形能表达式得到了新的弹性力模型, 由此得到的动力学方程可以精确地描述柔性梁的几何大变形问题. 通过与高次耦合模型以及ANSYS中BEAM188非线性梁单元模型的比较, 验证了本模型在计算大变形时的正确性以及高次耦合模型在处理大变形问题时的不足. 进一步研究发现, 新的广义弹性力模型可以适当地简化, 给出了两种简化模型, 根据不同模型的计算效率以及计算精度的比较确定了不同模型的适用范围.