食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯检测方法研究进展

介绍邻苯二甲酸酯的性质及其对人体的危害,综述了近几年来食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测方法及样品前处理方法,并对比了其优缺点。展望了食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯分析方法的研究趋势。     

输台玩具企业谨防产品增塑剂超标

<正>邻苯二甲酸酯是一种起软化作用的化学剂,在塑料加工中添加可使其柔韧性增强,常被用作塑料增塑剂。研究表明,邻苯二甲酸酯是一种环境荷尔蒙,在人体内可干扰内分泌系统,危害男性生殖能力,促使女性性早熟,且对处于分泌系统、生殖系统发育期的幼儿影响更大。长期大量摄取邻苯二甲酸酯,还会导致肝癌等各种疾病。目前,台     

甲基磺酸镧催化合成柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯的研究

PVC塑料助剂的主增塑剂邻苯二甲酸酯类在过去几十年得到了广泛的应用[1],近年来研究发现,这类增塑剂用于食品包装材料、玩具等可诱发致癌,特别是对婴儿和儿童的生长和发育影响更大[2-3]。柠檬酸酯系列增塑剂具有无毒、生物降解性好、挥发性小、抗细菌,增塑效率高等优点,被FDA认     

常见食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量及食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法并结合液液萃取及基质分散固相萃取的样品处理方式,建立了测定饮料、牛奶、白酒3类食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的分析方法。研究结果表明16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的检出限(LOD, S/N=3)范围为0.005~0.025 mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%。饮料、牛奶、白酒3种样品的加标回收率范围普遍在60%~110%。所建方法简便、灵敏、准确,可满足饮料、牛奶和白酒中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的测定需要。此外,将该方法应用于食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移研究,以异辛烷为油脂食品模拟物,测定了保鲜膜与保鲜袋中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移量。结果显示保鲜膜存在显著的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移现象。     

微塑料在食品中的来源及其检测技术研究进展

为促进食品中微塑料的治理,该文从食品中微塑料的来源、提取和分析方法等方面展开了系统综述,并针对食品中微塑料的规范分析提出了相关建议。研究表明从食品原料到生产加工过程及食品包装材料,都可能成为食品中微塑料污染的潜在来源。消解法是食品中微塑料提取的主要方法。目前,对食品中微塑料进行鉴别以及定量的主流方法有目检法、傅里叶变换－红外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热裂解/气相色谱－质谱联用法等。今后,建议开展食品中微塑料检测的标准方法研究,开发纳米级微塑料的光谱鉴别和定量技术。同时,面对食品中越来越严重的微塑料污染情况,应加强微塑料在食品生产过程中的溯源分析和控制技术研究,加快新型材料的开发速度。     

气相色谱-质谱法对食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类与己二酸酯类增塑剂的同时测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱法同时测定食品包装材料中14种邻苯二甲酸酯类和5种己二酸酯类增塑剂含量的分析方法.采用超声协助二氯甲烷提取,选择离子监测模式,外标法定量.在优化的实验条件下,19种目标物的平均回收率为85% ～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.16% ～2.7%.结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适于食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类和己二酸酯类增塑剂含量的测定.     

荧光法快速测定邻苯二甲酸酯的总量

基于邻苯二甲酸酯在浓硫酸下荧光增强的原理构建了一种测定邻苯二甲酸酯总量的荧光分析新方法。 体系的荧光强度与邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度在5.00~600 μg/L的范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.57 μg/L,回收率在91.6%~105.1%之间。 该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、线性范围宽。 用于塑料水杯和聚氯乙烯水管中邻苯二甲酸酯总量的测定,结果令人满意。     

桂花精油化学成分研究

用水蒸汽蒸馏法对江苏产桂花精油进行了提取, 并用GC-MS联用仪对其有效成分进行了测定. 结果表明: 江苏产桂花精油的香味成分主要是萜烯、醇类、氧化芳樟醇类、 5-己基二氢呋喃-2-酮、紫罗兰酮类、邻苯二甲酸酯类, 其中邻苯二甲酸酯类含量最大. 对水蒸汽蒸馏后的桂花水溶液进行萃取和GC-MS测试, 进一步证实了邻苯二甲酸酯的存在. 与其它产地的桂花精油化学成分比较, 其主要的香味成分基本相同, 但邻苯二甲酸酯含量不同, 这一研究结果表明: 研究不同产地的香料香味成分时需要将多种提取方法结合;对现有应用于化妆品和食用香精的桂花精油是否含有邻苯二甲酸酯需作进一步的研究.     

山西抽检发现食品包装含甲苯

<正>山西省质监局不久前公布了7类产品质量监督抽查结果,其中不合格食品包装材料含有甲苯。食品包装材料类共有19家企业35个批次的产品受检,其中不合格塑料编织袋产品主要问题为蒸发残渣不符合标准要求,已被要求下架并整改。蒸发残渣中的甲苯是有毒有害物质,人体过多吸收将有损健康。食品包装材料粘合剂使用的溶剂,一般是乙酸乙酯,使用过程中稀释剂也应是乙酸乙酯,不排除生产企业为降低成本使用甲苯作为稀释剂的可能;食品包装材料中的石墨中含有甲苯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇等,生产企业为降低     

科学家呼吁对食品包装长期监测

<正>食品包装正日益成为环境科学家等质疑的对象。在医学期刊《流行疾病与社区健康》中,Jane Muncke博士发表评论说,终身"暴露"在化学包装物质的世界里,无疑是引起人们担忧的原因之一。Jane Muncke博士和他的同事们呼吁"以群众为基础进行评估和监测",以明了食品包装是否对人体有害。他们说,食品包装是食品化学污染的主要来源,尽管它们并未被视为法定污染物。目前为止,食品包装并未受到     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定生脉饮中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的残留量

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（GC-QQQ MS）同时测定生脉饮中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物（PAE）残留量的方法。样品经正己烷振摇提取后进行检测。采用Agilent HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）在程序升温条件下进行色谱分离;质谱以电子轰击（EI）为电离方式,采用多反应监测（MRM）模式进行监测。实验结果表明：17种PAE在0.5~20 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,r均大于0.99;平均加标回收率除邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）为51.9%、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）为77.2%外,其余15种为91.8%~117.2%,RSD（n=6）为0.5%~5.4%。该方法操作简便,准确可靠,灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于生脉饮中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留量的检测,以控制生脉饮的用药安全。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定焙烤食品及其塑料包装中31种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定焙烤食品及其塑料包装中31种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的方法。焙烤食品采用乙酸乙酯超声提取,提取液经冷冻（-18℃）、低温高速离心净化,剪碎后的塑料包装材料采用体积比为1：1：1的甲醇-丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂进行液液超声萃取后进入HPLC-MS/MS分析。采用MGⅢC₁₈色谱柱（2.0 mm×100 mm,5 μm）,选择反应监测（SRM）模式测定。实验结果表明,31种邻苯二甲酸酯的特征离子质量色谱峰的峰面积与其质量浓度在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r²≥0.9958）。样品加标回收率除邻苯二甲酸二月桂酯（DLP）为70.9%～109.7%外,其余30种化合物为80.1%～113.0%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.0%～13.7%。31种PAEs的检出限在0.02～8.15 μg/kg之间,定量限在0.07～27.17 μg/kg之间。应用该方法检测了面包、饼干、糕点、馅料4大类焙烤食品及其塑料包装中31种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。该方法具有操作简单、快速、准确度和精密度高等优点,满足日常检测的要求。     

Factors Affecting the Separation of Phthalate Esters,and their Analysis,by HPTLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The phthalate esters (PAE) are ubiquitous in the environment because of the widespread use of plastic products. Reports of their...     

Social and economic interest in the control of phthalic acid esters

Excessive use of phthalate esters in industrial applications, mainly as plasticizers, has given rise to their persistent presence in consumer goods, and has raised numerous questions about their possible health effects or damage to the environment. This article presents an overview of the economic and social interest in the control of phthalate esters and in the availability of analytical methodologies for areas such as environmental and food analyses. It discusses potential contamination of the samples, usefulness of chromatographic techniques, generally after pre-treatment steps, and rare attempts to propose alternative techniques.     

超高效合相色谱快速检测塑料制品中的15种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了使用超高效合相色谱检测塑料中15种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。样品经正己烷超声萃取,过0.45 μ m有机膜后上机测试。采用ACQUITY UPC² HSS C18 SB色谱柱（150 mm×3 mm, 1.8 μ m）,以超临界CO₂流体为主流动相、乙腈为流动相改性剂进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.5 mL/min。在系统背压为12.41 MPa、色谱柱温度为65 ℃、二极管阵列检测器（PDA）检测波长为220 nm的条件下,15种邻苯二甲酸酯可以在8 min内实现分离检测。实验结果表明：15种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围为0.5~10 mg/L,相关系数大于0.9960,检出限（S/N=3）为1.0~2.2 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.1%~122.3%,相对标准偏差为2.95%~8.26%。该方法分析速度快,为邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的检测提供了新的选择。     

Simultaneous screening and determination eight phthalates in plastic products for food use by sonication-assisted extraction/GC-MS methods

Studies on determination of eight kinds of phthalates, e.g. di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-propyl phthalate (DPP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-octyl phthalate (DOP), in 25 kinds of plastic products for food use, including packaging bags, packaging film, containers, boxes for microwave oven use, sucking tubes, spoons, cups, plates, etc. by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) in electronic ionisation mode (EI) with selected-ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition method (GC-MS (EI-SIM)) have been carried out. Methods have been developed for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of phthalates. Extraction, clean-up and analysis procedure have been optimized. Determination of samples were performed after frozen in liquid nitrogen and sonication-assisted extraction with hexane, clean-up with LC-C18 SPE and analyzed by GC-MS methods. The base peak (m/z = 149) of all the phthalates was selected for the screening studies. The characteristic ions, 121, 177, 222 for DEP; 191, 209 for DPP; 57, 223 for DIBP; 104 for DBP; 91, 132, 206 for BBP; 55, 167 for DCHP; 113, 167, 279 for DEHP; 279 for DOP were chosen for quantitative studies. These techniques are possible to detect phthalates at the level of 10.0 μg/kg. Overall recoveries were 82-106% with R.S.D. values at 3.8-10.2%. Only one of the 25 examined samples was free from phthalates. The rest 24 samples were found to contain at least three or more of these phthalates. The predominant phthalate detected in the studied samples was DEHP.     

Challenges encountered in the analysis of phthalate esters in foodstuffs and other biological matrices

Phthalate esters are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are recognized as environmental endocrine disruptors because of their potential to elicit reproductive and developmental toxicity. Several phthalate esters have been listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as chemicals of concern. Determination of concentrations of phthalate esters in foodstuffs, typically present at sub to low nanogram-per-gram concentrations (between 0.1 and 100?ng?g^?1), is essential for assessment of human dietary exposure. However, phthalate esters are commonly present as contaminants in several laboratory products, including organic solvents, that are used in sample preparation and analysis. Therefore, accurate analysis of phthalates in food samples is a challenging task. In this review, we summarize the methods available for the determination of phthalate esters in foodstuffs and report on concentrations of phthalates in foodstuffs and potential sources of contamination by phthalates in the analysis of foodstuffs. We offer suggestions to eliminate and/or reduce background levels of contamination by phthalates in the analysis of food and other biological samples. We also introduce methods that are suitable for trace analysis of phthalates in a variety of liquid and solid food samples, in particular, a liquid–liquid extraction method for removal of lipids from food samples, because these can substantially reduce background levels of phthalates in the analytical procedure.     

Analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters in food simulants from plastic food contact materials by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS

An RP LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the determination of the migration of 16 primary phthalic acid esters from plastic samples has been developed using distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% alcohol, and olive oil as food simulants. Detection limits were 1.6–18.5 μg/kg in distilled water, 1.4–17.3 μg/kg in 3% acetic acid, 1.4–19.2 μg/kg in 10% alcohol, and 31.9–390.8 μg/kg in olive oil. The RSDs were in the range of 0.07–11.28%. The real plastic products inspection showed that only few analyzed samples were phthalates contaminated. Bis‐2‐ethylhexyl ester and dibutyl phthalate were the common items migrated from the plastic products into food and feeds, but the migration concentrations were far below the limits set by European Union (1.5 mg/kg for bis‐2‐ethylhexyl ester and 0.3 mg/kg for dibutyl phthalate).     

食品塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯的测定

建立了用正己烷超声提取食品塑料包装材料中的邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,经滤纸过滤,浓缩定容后采用选择离子模式对其进行气相色谱-质谱联机分析,外标法定量.方法对食品塑料包装材料中的邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯的检测限为10.0μg/kg,检测浓度范围为10～500μg/L,样品的加标回收率为80％～110％,可满足食品塑料包装材料中邻苯二...     

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalates preconcentrated by microextraction based on an ionic liquid

A new procedure is proposed for the analysis of migration test solutions obtained from plastic bottles used in the packaging of edible oils. Ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction with ionic liquids was applied for the preconcentration of six phthalate esters: dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, di‐n‐butylphthalate, n‐butylbenzylphthalate, di‐2‐ethylhexylphthalate, and di‐n‐octylphthalate. The enriched ionic liquid was directly analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using direct insert microvial thermal desorption. The different factors affecting the microextraction efficiency, such as volume of the extracting phase (30 μL of the ionic liquid) and ultrasound application time (25 s), and the thermal desorption step, such as desorption temperature and time, and gas flow rate, were studied. Under the selected conditions, detection limits for the analytes were in the 0.012–0.18 μg/L range, while recovery assays provided values ranging from 80 to 112%. The use of butyl benzoate as internal standard increased the reproducibility of the analytical procedure. When the release of the six phthalate esters from the tested plastic bottles to liquid simulants was monitored using the optimized procedure, analyte concentrations of between 1.0 and 273 μg/L were detected.