流固耦合地震波动问题的显式谱元模拟方法

流固耦合地震波动问题主要研究由流体和固体构成的复杂系统中地震波传播特性及其规律. 传统模拟方法中一般以声波方程、弹性波方程的数值解分别描述理想流体和弹性固体中的波动, 并实时地处理两种不同性质介质之间的相互耦合作用, 数值格式复杂且限制数值模拟精度与计算效率. 本文采用谱元法结合多次透射公式人工边界条件实现了一种流固耦合地震波动问题的高阶显式数值计算方法. 该方法利用了流固耦合问题统一计算框架,可将饱和多孔介质的Biot波动方程分别退化为理想流体的声波方程和弹性固体的弹性波方程. 通过P波垂直入射的水平成层理想流体-饱和多孔介质-弹性固体场地模型、P波斜入射的不规则层状界面以及任意形状界面的理想流体-饱和多孔介质-弹性固体场地模型等三个算例, 与传递函数法解析解以及集中质量有限元法计算结果进行对比分析, 证明了本文方法的正确性与有效性. 数值模拟结果表明, 本文方法相较传统有限元法可以少得多的节点数量获得更高的数值精度, 并且在较宽的频率范围内都能可靠地模拟出流固耦合系统的动力响应, 充分体现出本文方法兼顾高精度、计算效率和复杂场地建模灵活的特点.      

Diffraction of acoustic and elastic waves on a half-plane for boundary conditions of various types

The classical problem of wave diffraction on a half-plane with boundary conditions of different types and its generalizations to elastic media are considered. As a solution method it is proposed to combine the Fourier method of separation of variables and the series summation technique based on the use of integral representations of Bessel functions. The analytic solutions thus obtained are equally efficient in the near- and far-field diffraction regions. The two-term singularity at a corner point (in stresses for elastic media and in the velocity for acoustic media) was discovered for the first time. The knowledge of singularities in the scalar problem allowed one to construct the solution of the vector problem of elastic longitudinal wave diffraction. It is investigated how different types of boundary conditions on both sides of the half-plane affect the solution behavior in the far-field region. Possible physical interpretations of the obtained results are given.     

Solitary Elastic Waves and Elastic Wavelets

A new group of wavelets that have the form of solitary waves and are the solutions of the wave equations for dispersive media is proposed to call elastic wavelets. That this group includes well-known Mexican-hat wavelets is proved. It is proposed to use elastic wavelets to study local features of the profile evolution of a solitary wave in an elastic dispersive medium     

Two-dimensional transient dynamic response of orthotropic layered media

In this study, two-dimensional transient dynamic response of orthotropic plane layered media is investigated. The plane multilayered media consist of N different generally orthotropic, homogeneous and linearly elastic layers with different ply angles. In the generally orthotropic layer, representing a ply reinforced by unidirectional fibers with an arbitrary orientation angle, the principal material directions do not coincide with body coordinate axes. The solution is obtained by employing a numerical technique which combines the use of Fourier transform with the method of characteristics. The numerical results are displayed in curves denoting the variations of stress and displacement components with time at different locations. These curves clearly reveal, in wave profiles, the scattering effects caused by the reflections and refractions of waves at the boundaries and at the interfaces of the layers, and also the effects of anisotropy caused by fiber orientation angle. The curves properly predict the sharp variations in the response at the neighborhood of the wave fronts, which shows the power of the numerical technique employed in the study. By suitably adjusting the elastic constants, the results for multilayered media with transversely isotropic layers, or layers with cubic symmetry, or isotropic layers can easily be obtained from the general formulation. Furthermore, solutions for some special cases, including Lamb’s problem for an elastic half-space, are obtained and compared with the available solutions in the literature and very good agreement is found. Preliminary version presented at the Second International Congress on Mechatronics (MECH2K3), Graz, Austria, July 14-17, 2003.     

基于显式有限元方法的两相多孔介质地震反应研究

基于流体饱和两相多孔介质的弹性波动方程组,运用显式逐步积分格式与局部透射人工边界相结合的时域显式有限元方法对该波动方程组进行求解,对两相多孔介质在输入地震波作用下的弹性动力反应进行了计算和分析,以揭示两相多孔介质弹性地震反应的规律和性质.计算结果表明:两相介质弹性地震反应时程的波形与入射地震波的波形相同,且弹性地震反应的峰值出现的时刻对应于入射地震波的峰值出现的时刻.本文的数值计算同时表明了时域显式有限元方法在进行两相多孔介质地震反应计算分析时的有效性.     

层状介质中的双Griffith交界裂纹的SH波散射(反平面运动)——近场解

本文研究层状介质中的双Griffith交界裂纹的SH波散射。文中采用积分变换法将双裂纹的弹性波散射化为对偶积分方程,进而将其转化为第一类奇异积分方程组,借助于第一类Chebyshev多项式,给出了奇异积分方程组的解答,并得到了双裂纹的动态应力强度因子的计算公式     

用薄层法分析层状地基中各种基础的阻抗函数

薄层法是分析和模拟弹性波在层状介质中传播的一种半解析半数值方法.采用薄层单元和傍轴边界分别模拟层状地基和弹性半空间.利用薄层法位移基本解和容积法推导了层状地基中基础-地基动力相互作用方程及块式基础、桩基础和承台群桩基础阻抗函数的统一计算公式.通过计算半无限弹性地基中桩基础、块式基础和二层地基上基础的阻抗函数验证了方法的适用性.进而计算了某实际层状地基中承台群桩基础的阻抗函数,并与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好.本文方法可用于分析弹性层状地基中各种基础的阻抗函数.     

Elastodynamic analysis of inhomogeneous anisotropic bodies

The integral equation method is presented for elastodynamic problems of inhomogeneous anisotropic bodies. Since fundamental solutions are not available for general inhomogeneous anisotropic media, we employ the fundamental solution for homogeneous elastostatics. The terms induced by material inhomogeneity and inertia force are regarded as body forces in elastostatics, and evaluated in the form of volume integrals. The scattering problems of elastic waves by inhomogeneous anisotropic inclusions are investigated for some test cases. Numerical results show the significant effects of inhomogeneity and anisotropy of materials on wave propagations.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

A new numerical simulation algorithm is presented for the elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous anisotropic media. We make discretization of the computational domain by using triangular and quadrangular grids. The scheme is based on integral equilibrium at each node to simulate the elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous anisotropic media. The scheme is very flexible in dealing with arbitrary surface topography, inner openings, liquid-solid boundaries and irregular interfaces. Moreover, the free-surface condition of complex geometrical boundaries can be satisfied naturally. This work is an extension of the grid method for the elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous isotropic media, and a quadrangular grid with low computational cost is also introduced. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(19672016).     

Self-consistent methods in the problem of axial elastic shear wave propagation through fiber composites

Summary Two self-consistent schemes (effective medium method and effective field method) are applied to the problem of monochromatic elastic shear wave propagation through matrix composite materials containing cylindrical unidirected fibers. Dispersion equations of the mean wave field in such composites are derived by both methods. In the long-wave and short-wave ranges, analytical solutions of these equations are obtained and compared with each other, while numerical solutions are constructed for a wide range of frequencies. In particular, velocities and attenuation factors of the mean wave fields obtained by the two methods are compared for various volume concentrations, elastic properties and densities of inclusions in a wide range of frequencies of the incident field. The main discrepancies in the predictions made by the two methods are indicated, analyzed and discussed.     

Vertical vibrations of elastic foundation resting on saturated half-space

This paper is mainly concerned with the dynamic response of an elastic foun- dation of finite height bounded to the surface of a saturated half-space.The foundation is subjected to time-harmonic vertical loadings.First,the transform solutions for the governing equations of the saturated media are obtained.Then,based on the assumption that the contact between the foundation and the half-space is fully relaxed and the half- space is completely pervious or impervious,this dynamic mixed boundary-value problem can lead to dual integral equations,which can be further reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and solved by numerical procedures.In the numerical exam- ples,the dynamic compliances,displacements and pore pressure are developed for a wide range of frequencies and material/geometrical properties of the saturated soil-foundation system.In most of the cases,the dynamic behavior of an elastic foundation resting on the saturated media significantly differs from that of a rigid disc on the saturated half-space. The solutions obtained can be used to study a variety of wave propagation problems and dynamic soil-structure interactions.     

三维非均匀介质中弹性波传播的数值模拟

提出了一种三维非均匀介质中弹性波传播数值模拟的方法,文中称为三维格子法。该算法是二维格子法（一种二维非均匀介质中P－SV波传播的数值模拟算法）向三维非均匀介质情况的推广。在空间离散上该文方法与有限元方法类似,容许根据连续体的形状和介质分界面任意剖面网格,且自然满足自由表面边界条件。不同于常规有限差分法在各个节点上满足动力学微分方程,该算法通过满足各节点周围格子的整体平衡（积分平衡方程）来对问题进行求解,三维格子法所需的计算机内存及计算耗时与同阶精度的规则网格有限差分法相当。算例表明,该文提出的三维格子法具有较高的精度且可很好地模拟三维复杂形状地表对弹性波的反射和绕射。     

梯度半空间梯度覆层中的Love波

对功能梯度弹性半空间上覆盖一层功能梯度材料中的Love波的频散问题进行了研究,给出 了Love波频散方程的一般形式. 对功能梯度弹性半空间和功能梯度覆层的反平面剪切波的运 动控制方程进行了求解,给出了半空间和覆盖层的位移、应力解析解,给出了Love波在该解析 解下的频散方程. 以覆盖层的剪切弹性模量和质量密度均呈指数函数变化,半空间的剪切弹 性模量和质量密度均呈抛物线变化为例,利用迭代方法对频散方程进行了求解,给出了频散 曲线. 结果显示：在最低阶振型频散曲线中出现截止频率.     

介质参数反演的广义射线近似方法

在对无粘性介质参数反演问题进行的研究中，引入一种全波场广义射线近似形式，提出一种新的反演参数的方法，文中，首先对由弹性波动方程演变成的声波方程进行分析，引入背景场量和扰动量，并结合Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数理论，得到了介质参数的积分方程；然后结合前人对非均匀介质中波函数局部理论的定性分析，引入一种全波场广度射线近似形式，把问题归结为一个第一类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程；最后对半空间问题层状介质模型进行了反演，算     

Wave fronts in elastic media with temperature dependent properties

This paper deals with the propagation of shock and acceleration wave fronts in elastic media with temperature dependent properties. The partial differential equations governing the evolution of such waves are derived and solved using the method of Charpit. Solutions for wave front propagation in a thermoelastic layer with exponentially temperature dependent properties are obtained.     

弹性介质中几何和运动非线性问题的类孤波解

将弹性介质 的几何和运动非线性方程简化成具有电磁场中的Ｂｏｒｎ－Ｉｎｆｅｌｄ方程的形式，并证明了该方程的类孤波解的存在．     

黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸辐射弹性波的对比研究

研究地下爆炸弹性区的震动特性,关键是获得场地介质与爆炸能量耦合作用下辐射弹性波的实验参数。对于不易加工成大尺寸模型的砂土岩,为研究其填实爆炸下辐射弹性波的特征,采用0.125 g TNT微型炸药球作为爆炸源,以塑性区可置换的?1 370 mm×1 200 mm黄土样品作为提供应力波传播路径的载体,用波阻抗近似相等的重塑黄土和砂土岩样品分别作为源区介质,对比分析了两种介质中微药量填实爆炸辐射的弹性波传播特征。实验结果表明:在测试范围内,两种介质中填实爆炸激发的弹性应力波粒子速度(位移)峰值的衰减规律、波形的主频变化规律一致;砂土岩中爆炸辐射的弹性波粒子速度(位移)峰值整体高于黄土、粒子速度波形的半高宽和主频低于黄土;砂土岩中爆炸耦合的向外传播的弹性波能量比黄土大。实测结果反映,黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸弹性波能量耦合强度的差别。     

非均质流固耦合介质轴对称动力问题时域解

将地基视为流固两相介质并考虑其非均质成层特性，推导了多层地基动力问题时域解．文中首先建立了一组解耦的两相介质动力控制方程；而后利用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ－Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换推导了单层地基象空间初参数解答；再利用初参数法及传递矩阵技术导出了任意多层地基瞬态解的一般解析算式．本文获得的解答可方便地退化为现有理想弹性介质的解答     

Wave propagation in nonlinear and hysteretic media––a numerical study

This paper considers the problem of one dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear, hysteretic media. The constitutive law in the media is prescribed by an integral relationship based on the Duhem model of hysteresis. It is found that the well known nonlinear elastic stress–strain relationship is a special case of this integral relationship. It is also shown that the stress–strain relationship from the McCall and Guyer model of hyesteretic materials can also be derived from this integral stress–strain relationship. The first part of this paper focuses on a material with a quadratic stress–strain relationship, where the initial value problem is formulated into a system of conservation laws. Analytical solutions to the Riemann problem are obtained by solving the corresponding eigenvalue problem and serve as reference for the verification and illustration of the accuracy obtained using the applied numerical scheme proposed by Kurganov and Tadmor. The second part of this research is devoted to wave propagation in hysteretic media. Several types of initial excitations are presented in order to determine special characteristics of the wave propagation due to material nonlinearity and hysteresis. The results of this paper demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of this numerical scheme to analyze wave propagation in nonlinear materials.     

Linear interactions affecting the propogation of waves in a linear elastic fluid

Small linear interactions affecting the propogation of waves in a linear elastic fluid are investigated. These linear interactions may occur as a result of impurities on the surface of a linear elastic fluid. These interactions are imposed on the linear wave equations which were investigated in Momoniat (Propogation of waves in a linear elastic fluid, submitted for publication) using the non-classical contact symmetry method. The occurrence of a small parameter in the wave equations under consideration in this paper makes the problem ideal for analysis using an approximate non-classical contact symmetry method. Approximate contact symmetries and approximate solutions are determined and discussed for the problems under consideration. Comparisons are made with the case of no interaction.