二维三角晶格光子晶体三通道解波分复用器

为了实现结构紧凑、高透射率的解波分复用功能,在二维三角晶格光子晶体平板上设计了一个ψ形的三通道解波分复用器.通过在该光子晶体结构中引入合适的线缺陷和点缺陷,使得在光子禁带中出现了局域缺陷态.利用该缺陷态模式,可以控制波的传播和耦合,从而实现解波分复用的功能.通过用平面波扩展法和时域有限差分法对此解波分复用器进行了能带和传输特性分析,找到了具有合适缺陷态频率的光子晶体结构参量,实现了透过率高达80%的解波分复用功能.     

Heterostructure wavelength division demultiplexers using photonic crystal ring resonators

In this paper, we demonstrate a new type of two-dimensional photonic crystal wavelength division demultiplexers based on ring resonators that can be applicable to photonic integrated circuits. The proposed structure mechanism is performed based on coupling between a waveguide and a ring resonator. Based on the calculated position, this structure is designed and verified by finite-difference time-domain computation; our simulation by using this method results over 82% output efficiency. We use a heterostructure which is constructed of three different values of dielectric constant to obtain our wavelength division demultiplexer.     

Channel drop filter using photonic crystal ring resonators for CWDM communication systems

In this paper, a new optical channel drop filter (CDF) using photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs) is presented. Using the two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in triangular lattice photonic crystal (PC) silicon rods, 100% forward dropping efficiency and a quality factor of more than 1000 can be achieved in third communication window while the resonant wavelength is 1550 nm. Through this novel (CDF), a multi-CDF operation with 100% drop efficiencies across all channels can be obtained. The proposed device could be used in future coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) communication systems.     

基于磁光效应的二维三角晶格光子晶体模分复用器

随着全光通信的快速发展, 波分复用传输系统已不能满足高容量光网络的需求, 而模分复用技术利用有限的稳定模式作为独立信道传递信息, 可以成倍地提高系统容量和频谱效率, 是构建未来光网络的关键技术之一. 本文基于掺Bi复合稀土铁石榴石的磁光效应, 设计了1.55 μm波段的二维三角晶格光子晶体模分复用器. 在该光子晶体结构中引入缺陷, 形成模式分束波导, 通过外加磁场改变其在不同偏振模式下的磁导率, 从而控制TE, TM模式的传输, 实现了1.55 μm波段的模分复用. 利用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法对此模分复用器进行了能带和传输特性分析, 结果表明: TE和TM模式的透射率均高于92%, 信道隔离度分别为19.7 dB和42.1 dB. 这些特性在未来的大容量光传输系统中有着重要的应用前景.     

光子晶体超窄带滤波器

本文利用光学传输矩阵法研究了一种类似于谐振腔结构的光子晶体.研究发现在这种光子晶体的光子带隙的中央存在一个极窄的透光窗口,窗口的宽度在红外波段1500nm附近可以做到0.0001nm以下,窗口内的透光率峰值可以接近100%,窗口以外的区域的透光率可以做到0.01%以下.通过改变所研究结构中的周期厚度、中间夹层厚度、两边光子晶体的周期重复数和波的入射角可以改变窄带透过窗口的位置和窄带的宽度.这种光子晶体可以用来制作超窄带滤波器,有望在光通信超密度波分复用技术和光学信息精密测量技术当中获得应用.     

Proposal for a 4-channel all optical demultiplexer using 12-fold photonic quasicrystal

In this work, 12-fold photonic quasicrystal (PQC) with cross section equals to 138 μm² has been used to design a 4-channel optical demultiplexer. The size of structure promises its applications in optical integrated circuits (OICs) and also, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication devices. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been employed in order to investigate the structure's band gap and output waveforms of each channel. Four channels, with spacing less than 1 nm and cross-talk level better than ? 2.8 dB have been separated by introducing defects in L-shaped and line defect waveguides (LDWs) in the crystal's structure. It has been shown that, L-shaped waveguides (LWs) are quite more frequency selective than line defect waveguides. Also, it has been found that the exact tuning of the central wavelength of each channel is possible by making use of defects with different radiuses and sites in the waveguides.     

多系双局域态光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

利用紧束缚方法分析了双局域态光子晶体产生双缺陷模的机理, 采用传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的光学传输特性, 并得到了透射谱与晶体结构参数的关系, 在此基础上讨论了光子晶体在受到单轴应力时所表现出的介观压光效应, 据此设计了一种结构简单的应力调制的近红外波段的多通道滤波结构.通过数值模拟可以看出, 随着各介质层折射率或厚度的增加, 缺陷模发生红移.当对多系双局域态光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力时, 各缺陷峰都向长波长移动, 且缺陷峰峰值基本不变.经过数值拟合, 缺陷峰中心波长与对光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力所产生的应变呈线性关系.该滤波器结构简单、可调谐性好, 在一系列精巧的光子晶体激光器、波分复用器或者其他精密仪器的制造中有一定的应用价值.     

Super Narrow Bandpass Filter Using Fractal Cantor Structures

In this paper, we present a new photonic crystal structure, which is composed of fractal Cantor multilayer with a defect embedded in its middle. Optical transmission matrix method is used to calculating the transmittance and reflectance. Compared with general Cantor multilayer, we find the new structure has wider stopband and shows a super narrow band in the middle of wider stopband. It can be served as a super narrow bandpass filter. The pass band obtained can be less than 0.6nm near the infrared 1530 nm. The optical transmission is the center wavelength is higher than 99 %. This means a very low insert loss. It is more superior to other kind narrow band filters. This kind of photonic crystal super narrow band optical filter may find applications in super dense wavelength division multiplexing for optical communications and precise optical measurement.     

二维光子晶体六通道波分复用器的透射谱

设计了一种由微米尺度二维光子晶体构成的六通道波分复用系统。该系统包括利用光子晶体线缺陷实现的波导部分和利用光子晶体微腔实现的频率选择部分。采用时域有限差分方法（FDTD）,研究光在该系统中的传输特性。     

光子晶体方形谐振器波分解复用的特性

光通信系统设计中波分解复用器是分离光信号的一种关键部件,用于分离光信号的微型谐振器特性直接关系到波分复用(WDM,wavelength division multiplexing)解复用系统的工作性能。在二维光子晶体中逐步优化设计了基于光子晶体方形谐振器(PCSR,photonic crystal square resonator)的单信道WDM解复用结构,借助于耦合模理论(CMT,coupled-mode theory)定性分析了波导与谐振腔结构的电磁波耦合相互作用,并用时域有限差分法(FDTD,finite-difference time-domain)数值模拟了其结构工作特性。结果表明:基于PCSR设计的单输出端口WDM解复用结构在设计的参数范围中具有单谐振峰、中心波长宽调谐范围(1 501.4 nm~1 591.0 nm)、通带带宽窄(3.3 nm~9.1 nm)的特性。该结构可应用于WDM解复用光通信系统设计和光路集成设计等方面。     

Single channel tunable wavelength demultiplexer using nonlinear one dimensional defect mode photonic crystal

Transmission characteristics of nonlinear one dimensional photonic crystal with a defect have been studied. GaAs/Si multilayer structure with a single defect has been simulated using transfer matrix method. In this study refractive indices of both layers have been taken to be dependent on intensity and wavelength simultaneously. It is found that central wavelength of defect mode change with intensity of wave. Average change in central wavelength of defect mode is 0.02 nm/(1 GW/cm²). This property can be exploited in the design of a single channel tunable wavelength division demultiplexer for optical communication.     

Temperature effect on the tenability of an eight-channel demultiplexer

A new tunable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure using (Multi-layer on InP substrate) is proposed. By tuning the temperature of the photonic crystal, the refractive index of the InP as well as the selected wavelengths can be changed. We show that the designed WDM has the ability to tune eight wavelengths by different values of temperature. The proposed filter has a cross section equal to 16.5 μm × 6.5 μm. The Results of the tenability has been done numerically by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We can use the proposed structure as temperature sensing device, and in many optical systems.     

超窄带和多通道窄带光子晶体滤波器

构造了形如(AB)^mB^n(BA)^m的一维光子晶体，并利用光学传输矩阵法对这种光子晶体进行了数值模拟计算，对其光子能带特性进行了分析。计算结果表明，当m=6、m=4，而n变化时，在一定的波段范围内，在这种结构光子晶体的禁带区内分别获得了一个和多个很窄的透过峰：这种结构的光子晶体可以用来制作超窄带滤波器和多通道窄带滤波器，有望在光通信超密度波分复用技术和光学信息精密测量技术中获得广泛应用.     

光子晶体四信道波分复用器的研究

提出了一种由2-D光子晶体构成的四信道波分复用系统。该系统包括利用光子晶体的线缺陷实现的波导部分和利用光子晶体微腔实现的频率选择部分。采用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,研究了光在含点缺陷(即微腔)和线缺陷(即波导)的光子晶体中的传输特性,并给出了仿真结果。计算结果表明,该结构可以实现波长为λ=1550nm附近的四信道波分复用。     

渐变折射率光量子阱对束缚态能级的调整

在对称的均匀电介质材料光子晶体体系中插入另一折射率渐变的光子晶体可构成光量子阱结构.利用时域有限差分法计算了不同折射率分布光量子阱结构的传输谱.研究表明：束缚态是对处于垒光子晶体禁带中的阱光子晶体导通带的离散化,束缚态能级个数等于阱光子晶体结构单元的重复周期数；以渐变方式调整阱区折射率分布,可在特定频率范围内得到新的互不交叠的束缚态.这样在有限的禁带区域可以成倍增加光子束缚态而无需增大光量子阱结构的尺寸,使信道密度最大化、光波有效带宽的使用最优化.这种量子阱结构可用于制作超窄带滤波器和多通道窄带滤波器,有望在光通信超密集波分复用和光学精密测量技术中获得广泛应用. 关键词： 光量子阱 光子束缚态 渐变折射率 光子晶体     

Four-channel optical demultiplexer based on hexagonal photonic crystal ring resonators

In this paper, photonic crystal ring resonators with hexagonal lattice structure are used to design a four-channel optical demultiplexer. The structure size, the average transfer coefficient, the quality factor, and the channel spacing are equal to 424.5 µm², 95.8%, 1943, and 2 nm, respectively. The average crosstalk is also computed to be ?18.11 dB. In this study, the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are used, respectively, to characterize the photonic bandgap and to investigate the optical behavior of the structure. The proposed design can be used in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems.     

对称双缺陷光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

基于光子晶体的光子局域特性,并利用光子晶体的介观压光效应,提出了一种新型的双通道可调滤波器结构.采用传输矩阵法对该滤波器的光学传输特性进行了理论推导,建立了透射谱与光子晶体结构参数的关系,讨论了介观压光效应对双缺陷光子晶体透射谱的影响,并对所设计的光子晶体结构进行了数值模拟.结果表明:随着入射角度的增大,缺陷峰发生蓝移.随着各介质层折射率或几何厚度的增加,缺陷峰发生红移.当光子晶体发生轴向拉伸应变时,缺陷峰的位置向长波长移动,但缺陷峰的峰值大体不变,从而验证了此滤波器的可调节性.该光子晶体滤波器结构紧凑,可调谐性好,为光子晶体激光器及传感器的设计提供了一定的理论参考.     

彩色全息显示中液晶空间光调制器位相调制偏差的矫正方法

采用三基色激光照明并结合时分复用或空间复用技术,可实现基于液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)的彩色全息显示.但由于在不同激光波长入射条件下LC-SLM的位相调制特性曲线不同,难以同时满足多波长入射条件下2π线性位相调制的要求,致使彩色全息再现结果受到共轭像和零级斑的干扰.针对该问题,本文通过实验测试获得LC-SLM在不同波长入射时的位相调制特性曲线,并分析了RGB激光器各分量的位相调制特性曲线非线性偏差和调制幅度偏差对多阶位相型傅里叶变换相息图再现效果的影响.根据"查表法"建立了各波长入射条件下满足2π线性位相调制的灰度映射关系,并对RGB分量相息图进行修正.通过对修正前后RGB分量相息图的数值模拟再现和光电再现实验与分析,结果表明:该方法有效地克服了LC-SLM位相调制特性曲线偏差的不利影响,从而改善了彩色全息显示中各分量相息图的再现质量.     

Mach–Zehnder interferometers in photonic crystals

Photonic crystal technology allows the creation of optical waveguides with low sharp-bending losses as well as ultra-low group velocity. This last property is particularly interesting to develop highly-compact optical devices based on the controlled modification of the optical phase of the signals traveling through the waveguides. Among these devices, the Mach–Zehnder interferometer acquires fundamental importance because it can be used as a building block of more complex optical devices and functionalities such as optical filters, wavelength demultiplexers, channels interleavers, intensity modulators, switches and optical gates. In this paper, the performance of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer consisting of two coupled-cavity waveguides with different lengths created in a two-dimensional photonic crystal is theoretically analyzed. We also provide simulation results using a finite-difference time-domain code that confirm the theoretical analysis. The main limitations in the performance of the structure are addressed and discussed.     

点缺陷二维光子晶体波导的出射光集束

光子晶体器件在高密度集成光通信中有广泛的应用,为解决光子晶体波导出射光场的空间控制,采用时域有限差分法分析光子晶体波导结构的缺陷传播特性,提出基于点缺陷优化波导结构,通过在波导出射口两侧加上点缺陷,出射光方向性有显著提高,实现三点光源干涉系统的光集束。模拟结果表明缺陷态越靠近能带结构中央,共振腔的耦合效率越高;相反,缺陷态越靠近能带结构边缘位置,则共振腔耦合效率越低,因此,选取禁带区域四分之一处对应的点缺陷,可以有效实现波导出射的光集束。