藤黄科植物中具有桥环结构的天然产物全合成研究进展

藤黄科植物中含桥环的天然产物具有独特的化学结构和明显的生物活性. 综述了近年来这类天然产物的全合成研究进展.     

2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮的合成和舒张血管活性

以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯等为原料, 通过烯丙基醚化、Claisen重排、氧化、与伯胺反应(生成Schiff碱)、还原、分子内酯的胺解六步反应合成了一系列2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮类化合物. Schiff碱的制备、还原、酯的胺解三步在“一锅”内完成. 采用1H NMR, MS和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征. 离体动脉环张力实验证明此类化合物具有明显舒张血管的作用.     

甾体不对称合成的研究

(一)2-烷基-2-(3'-乙二醇缩酮丁基)-1,3-环戊二酮的不对称还原 甾体不对称全合成中一个重要中间体2可以由三酮化合物1经微生物不对称还原而得。为避免1在还原时所得的桥环副产物8,我们先将三酮1用乙二醇选择性地保护侧链羰基成3,然后将3用啤酒酵母还原,得到了光学活性化合物4而未分离到8。     

2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮的合成及其血管舒张活性

以3-羟基-4,5-亚甲二氧基苯甲酸甲酯或5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸二甲酯为原料,经烯丙基醚化、Claisen重排、氧化、与伯胺反应(生成Schiff碱)、还原、分子内酯的酰化合成了4种新的2-取代-3,4-二氢-1-异喹啉酮(1a～1d),其结构经1HNMR和MS表征。离体动脉环张力实验证明1在浓度为1×10-4mol.L-1时具有明显舒张血管的作用。     

两种芳香β-二酮化合物的合成及表征

β-二酮化合物是一类重要的有机合成中间体,β-二酮化合物分子内酮式-烯醇式之间的异构化转变赋予其许多独特的光化学和配位化学性质。关于酮式-烯醇式之间的互变关系有许多研究[1,2,3],借助于其光致互变异构的光化学性质,β-二酮化合物可广泛地用作光稳定等功能材料[4]。同时,     

1,3-茚满二酮参与的多组分反应研究进展

1,3-茚满二酮是一种典型的环状1,3-二羰基化合物,所具有的一个亚甲基、两个羰基和稠合的苯环结构,使其具有连续的三个亲电反应和亲核反应位点.另一方面,1,3-茚满二酮能够在酸或碱性介质中发生自身缩合反应,形成稠环多羰基化合物.1,3-茚满二酮(1)还与芳香醛2发生Knoevenagel反应得到的2-芳亚甲基-1,3-茚满二酮3,是活泼的α,β-不饱和羰基化合物.因此1,3-茚满二酮具有多重反应活性,可作为多组分反应和多米诺反应中的关键底物,构建一系列螺环、桥环以及稠合的全碳环和杂环化合物.总结了近年来1,3-茚满二酮参与的一系列多组分串联反应以及其在构建具有重要生物学活性的茚酮稠合多环化合物方面的应用,揭示了1,3-茚满二酮的丰富多样的反应方式,对于反应机理、反应特点以及反应的局限性进行了详细介绍,并对今后的发展方向作出了展望.     

分子筛上手性催化的模拟计算

本文应用分子模拟途径研究了系列反应物丙烯基羟基乙烯酮二硫代乙缩醛在有、无分子筛催化条件下Ｔｈｉｏ－Ｃｌａｉｓｅｎ重排。我们证实Ｓｒｅｅｋｕｍａｒ等人实验在有、无分子筛催化条件下的Ｔｈｉｏ－Ｃｌａｉｓｅｎ重排结果可分别通过分子筛－分应物之间相互作用的能学和反应物的空间能计算得到合理解释。本文的方法能成功地识别一个给定Ｔｈｉｏ－Ｃｌａｉｓｅｎ重排在有、无分子筛催化条件下的优化产物。     

2-(1,11-十一亚甲基)-5-取代亚氨基-△~3-1,3,4-噻二唑啉的合成及杀菌活性

通过环十二酮与 N -取代氨基硫脲的缩合反应 ,合成了一系列 N -取代环十二酮缩氨基硫脲 ,经Mn O2 氧化关环 ,得到 1 5种未见文献报道的标题化合物 ,其结构经 IR,1 3C NMR,元素分析的确证 .初步实验表明 ,部分化合物具有一定的杀菌活性     

一种计算桥环化合物环数的简便方法

陈亚元同志在“桥环化合物环数的计算方法”一文中,提出了几种如何计算比较复杂的桥环化合物环数的具体方法,同时还介绍了P.A.Reddy对桥环化合物中环数的计算公式c=b-a+1(c为环数,b为环上的键总数,a为环上的原子总数),从而为计算桥环化合物的环数提供了比较简便的方法。由于桥环化合物与桥头原子并存,而化合物中桥头原子的总数目(包括主桥头原子和次桥头原子)又与环数的多少密切相关,所以,可以用桥环化合物中桥头原子的总数来正确计算桥环化合物的环数。设一种桥环化合物中的桥头原子总数为N,环数为M,根据两个桥头原子可以构成一个双环的原则,推导出计算环数的一般公式:     

De Mayo光环加成和桥(螺)环倍半萜基本碳架的构建

通过烃单萜3-甲基-6-异丙亚甲基环己烯(1)和2,6-二氧代戊酸甲酯(2)的de Mayo反应, 得到[2＋2]环加成产物、开环产物和游离基复合产物3～10. 经retro-aldol重排, 环加成产物3开环生成取代环己烯4, 在酸和碱性介质中对开环产物进行再环合, 经分子内Claisen缩合反应形成螺环和桥环化合物11～14. 讨论了可能的反应机理, 对所得新化合物的结构经IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR及元素分析予以确定.     

Design and synthesis of novel propellanes by using claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis as the key steps

Novel hexacyclic caged compounds are prepared by a combination of Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Additionally, a Grignard reaction in conjugation with RCM produced intricate hexacyclic caged molecules.     

Total synthesis of aldehyde-containing Garcinia natural products isomorellin and gaudichaudione A

The natural products, isomorellin and gaudichaudione A, with a 4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0^3,7] dec-8-en-2-one scaffold were synthesized for the first time using an efficient method. The key improvement of this method was the simultaneous bisalkylation of 5,6-dihydroxyxanthone with the bulky 2-methylbutyne group. This method obviously shortened the synthetic route and enhanced the total yield. Four analogues named forbesione, desoxymorellin, desoxygaudichaudione A, and gambogin containing the same caged structure were prepared using this method.     

Total synthesis of seco-lateriflorone

A convergent strategy toward the synthesis of lateriflorone (5) is described. Our approach is based on biosynthetic considerations and draws on a sequence of prenylation, oxygenation and Claisen reactions for the construction of chromenequinone 6, and a tandem Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction cascade for the synthesis of caged tricycle 7. Union of fragments 6 and 7 led to the synthesis of seco-lateriflorone (49).     

Indium-mediated Reformatsky-Claisen rearrangement

A new variant of the Reformatsky-Claisen rearrangement is described. The reaction of substituted allyl α-bromoacetates with indium and indium(III) chloride under ultrasonication provides a general entry into the functionalized synthon.     

Total synthesis of (+)-galanthamine starting from d-glucose

The stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-galanthamine (+)-1 starting from d-glucose is described. The cyclohexene ring in (+)-1 was prepared in an optically active form from d-glucose using Ferrier’s carbocyclization reaction, and the critical quaternary carbon was stereoselectively generated via chirality transfer based on the Claisen rearrangement of a cyclohexenol. The dibenzofuran skeleton was effectively constructed by the bromonium ion-mediated intramolecular cyclization of a cyclohexene possessing a phenolic ether function. After the introduction of a carbon-carbon double bond, the Pictet-Spengler type cyclization, followed by the reduction of the amide function completed the chiral synthesis of (+)-1.     

Synthesis of the tricyclic dihydrofuran moiety of azadirachtin: efficient transformation of the Claisen rearrangement intermediate into a functionalized tricyclic dihydrofuran core

Azadirachtin is a C-seco limonoid, derived from the neem tree. Previously, we reported the synthesis of the right and left segments of azadirachtin, in addition to the coupling reaction of the modeled ester utilizing Claisen rearrangement. Herein we report the transformation of the modeled rearrangement product into a tricyclic dihydrofuran, which would be expected to have bioactivity against insects.     

A facile and stereoselective synthetic method for allylic 1,3-dienyl ethers

The 1,4-elimination reaction of 1-allyloxy-4-methoxy-(2Z)-alkenes with n-butyllithium is shown to proceed in a marked preference to the [2,3] Wittig rearrangement to afford the allylic (1Z,3E)-dienyl ethers in high stereoselectivities. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by the Claisen rearrangement of the dienyl ethers thus obtained.     

Reaction of Phenolic Mannich Base with Trialkyl Phosphite

Dialkyl [2-hydroxy-5-(phenylazo)benzyl]phosphonates were prepared by a convenient procedure in good yield from Mannich base and trialkyl phosphite in benzene with the elimination of ammonium or morpholinium cation. 2-[(Dialkylamino)methyl]-4-(phenylazo)phenol methiodide is a new reagent in the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction.     

Claisen rearrangement/Baylis-Hillman reaction/ring-closing metathesis as bases for the construction of substituted cyanonaphthalenes

The present paper described how to establish a novel approach for various alkoxycyanonaphthalenes. It was started from isovanillin, and based on the Claisen rearrangement, O-alkylation, the Baylis-Hillman reaction, and ring-closing metathesis in sequence to produce the title compounds in good yield.