Vibrational spectroscopic properties of hydrogen bonded acetonitrile studied by DFT

Vibrational properties (band position, Infrared and Raman intensities) of the acetonitrile C[triple bond]N stretching mode were studied in 27 gas-phase medium intensity (length range: = 1.71-2.05 angstroms; -deltaE range = 13-48 kJ/mol) hydrogen-bonded 1:1 complexes of CH3CN with organic and inorganic acids using density functional theory (DFT) calculations [B3LYP-6-31++G(2d,2p)]. Furthermore, general characteristics of the hydrogen bonds and vibrational changes in the OH stretching band of the acids were also considered. Experimentally observed blue-shifts of the C[triple bond]N stretching band promoted by the hydrogen bonding, which shortens the triple bond length, are very well reproduced and quantitatively depend on the hydrogen bond length. Both predicted enhancement of the infrared and Raman nu(C[triple bond]N) band intensities are in good agreement with the experimental results. Infrared band intensity increase is a direct function of the hydrogen bond energy. However, the predicted increase in the Raman band intensity increase is a more complex function, depending simultaneously on the characteristics of both the hydrogen bond (C[triple bond]N bond length) and the H-donating acid polarizability. Accounting for these two parameters, the calculated nu(C[triple bond]N) Raman intensities of the complexes are explained with a mean error of +/- 2.4%.     

Solvent decompositions and physical properties of decomposition compounds in Li-ion battery electrolytes studied by DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations

The density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed for the reduction decompositions of solvents widely used in Li-ion secondary battery electrolytes, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonates (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), including a typical electrolyte additive, vinylene carbonate (VC), at the level of B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p), both in the gas phase and solution using the polarizable conductor calculation model. In the gas phase, the first electron reduction for the cyclic carbonates and for the linear carbonates is found to be exothermic and endothermic, respectively, while the second electron reduction is endothermic for all the compounds examined. On the contrary, in solution both first and second electron reductions are exothermic for all the compounds. Among the solvents and the additive examined, the likelihood of undergoing the first electron reduction in solution was found in the order of EC > PC > VC > DMC > EMC > DEC with EC being the most likely reduced. VC, on the other hand, is most likely to undergo the second electron reduction among the compounds, in the order of VC > EC > PC. Based on the results, the experimentally demonstrated effectiveness of VC as an excellent electrolyte additive was discussed. The bulk thermodynamic properties of two dilithium alkylene glycol dicarbonates, dilithium ethylene glycol dicarbonate (Li-EDC) and dilithium 1,2-propylene glycol dicarbonate (Li-PDC), as the major component of solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) films were also examined through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to understand the stability of the SEI film. It was found that film produced from a decomposition of EC, modeled by Li-EDC, has a higher density, more cohesive energy, and less solubility to the solvent than the film produced from decomposition of PC, Li-PDC. Further, MD simulations of the interface between the decomposition compound and graphite suggested that Li-EDC has more favorable interactions with the graphite surface than Li-PDC. The difference in the SEI film stability and the behavior of Li-ion battery cycling among the solvents were discussed in terms of the molecular structures.     

Stability,composition and properties of Li2FeSiO4 surfaces studied by DFT

Surface structures and energies of the Pmn2₁ polymorph of the electrode material Li₂FeSiO₄ are studied by first-principles calculations using density functional theory. In total, 29 surface terminations of stoichiometric polar and nonpolar slabs were studied. These surfaces were preselected by energy estimation via a model that accounts for bond cutting and additionally for polarity compensation in the case of polar surfaces. The model provides a way to quantify the most important contributions to the surface energy. Furthermore, we analyze the relaxation of surface atoms statistically. This clearly shows that SiO₄ tetrahedra are rather rigid whereas the local environment of Fe and Li can change strongly under relaxation near the surface. We furthermore compare results obtained by generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U exchange correlation functionals. Thus, we estimate the thermodynamic equilibrium shape of Li₂FeSiO₄ by the Wulff construction scheme for stoichiometric surfaces obtaining crystallites that are terminated by {110}, {010}, and {001} surfaces.     

Design of a new rotary molecular machine based on nitrogen inversion: a DFT investigation

Ab initio calculations are employed to investigate nitrogen inversion as a configuration change that can supply an extremely useful switchable control mechanism for some complex systems. In this paper, the design of a new artificial rotary molecular machine based on nitrogen inversion is discussed. The introduced design of a molecular rotator is based on the reciprocating motion of a substituent due to the inversion phenomenon, leading to the rotary motion in the molecule. Since simple secondary amines easily face the inversion process at room temperature, aziridine is selected as the initial driver for the molecular motion. The most obvious finding from this study is that, following the displacement of the substituent attached to the aziridine nitrogen atom, two rotary motions occurr in the molecule, one clockwise and another counterclockwise with a 39.52° to 150.09° angle domain.     

电致发光材料的分子设计研究

建立了一套用量子化学理论,对电发光过程的每一步:包括空穴和电子注入,空穴和电子传输,空穴和电子复合形成激子、发光,进行表征、计算、研究的方法.用这套方法,对有机共轭化合物、金属有机配合物、高聚物和低聚物进行了计算研究,通过分子设计,改变分子结构,实现对发光波长及载流子注入与传输速率的调控,为得到各方面品质优良的OLED材料提供了理论上的支持.     

DFT investigation on detonation properties and sensitivities of bridged triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine based energetic materials

A series of bridged triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine based energetic materials were optimized at B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT), and their detonation properties and sensitivities were calculated. The results show that the  NN bridge/ N₃ group were beneficial to improve values of heats of formation while  NN bridge/ C(NO₂)₃ group can improve detonation properties remarkably. In view of the sensitivities, compound F2 possesses the minimum values of impact sensitivity which reveals that  NHNH bridge/ C(NO₂)₃ group will decrease the stability of the designed compounds. Take both of detonation properties and sensitivities into consideration, compounds C8, E7, E8, F8 were screened as candidates of potential energetic materials since these compounds possess similar detonation properties and sensitivities values to those of RDX. All the calculated results were except to shine lights on the design and synthesis of novel high energy density materials.     

双光子吸收材料的分子设计研究

介绍了双光子吸收材料分子设计原理.为了设计有大的双光子吸收响应的材料,对多种分子进行了系统的理论研究.用量子化学密度泛函理论和AM1方法进行分子几何构型优化.在优化结构的基础上,用ZINDO和自编程序求得分子的单、双光子吸收性质.设计了一些未知化合物,以期为合成新的具有大的双光子吸收截面的材料提供理论根据.以双层二聚二甲苯邻甲酸衍生物、铂乙炔化物、卟啉衍生物、C60、C70、八极矩分子为例,报道了我们在这方面的研究结果.     

Photoinduced charge transfer in molecular materials studied by optical absorption using photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectra of molecular materials based on the assembling of the [Fe(CN)₆] molecular block were recorded and evaluated. Those compositions where the valence of the involved metals allows a charge transfer (an inner photoinduced redox reaction) through the CN ligand shown an intense photoacoustic signal around 600 nm; when this transition is unable only the signal corresponding to metal-to-ligand and d-d transitions within the metal were observed. This suggests that this technique provides a fast and reliable method to explore the existence of tunable photoinduced charge transfer in molecular materials.     

有机光电导(OPC)材料分子设计的研究

本文在分析了有机光电导材料的分子结构, 电子分布状态以及电荷转移与光电导性能之间关系的基础上, 进行了有机光电导材料的分子设计, 并以酞菁聚合物的合成和光电导性的研究实施进行了验证。     

DFT and quantum chemical investigation of molecular properties of substituted pyrrolidinones

The DFT, quantum-chemical calculations and thermodynamics parameters of 1-{2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]ethyl}pyrrolidin-2-one (HTEP); [2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester (EOEP); {[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]thio}acetic acid (OETA); (2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl]thio}acetic acid (PTA) and pyridine (PY) have been calculated with Gaussian 94 and Hybrid B3LYP functional density with 6-31G* basis set. Moreover, the electronic properties such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) energy and molecular densities have been investigated.     

DNA strand break: structural and electrostatic properties studied by molecular dynamics simulation

Due to their lethal consequences and a relatively high probability of introduction of repair errors and mutations, single and double strand breaks are among the most important and dangerous DNA lesions. However, the mechanisms of their recognition and repair processes are only poorly known at present. This work defines and analyzes a DNA with single strand break as a template study for future complex analyses of biologically serious double strand break damage and its enzymatic repair mechanisms. Besides a non-damaged DNA serving as a reference system with no surprising results, system with open valences of the atoms at the strand break ends as well as a system with filled valences were simulated. In both cases during the first few nanoseconds the broken ends of strand breaks are significantly exposed to the outside of the molecule. However, with increasing time, the system with single strand break with open valences is partially disrupted. On the contrary, the system with filled valences shows stable conformation with newly created hydrogen bond between the two strand break endings. Moreover, these endings are steadily situated in the inner part of the molecule, thus making the recognition and docking process of a repair enzyme more complicated in the case of filled valences.     

Three iodometalate organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on methylene blue cation: Syntheses,structures, properties and DFT calculations

The functional dye of methylene blue (MB) has been employed for seeking new organic–inorganic hybrid photochromic materials. Although the photochromism has not been observed yet, three iodometalate compounds, namely (MB) (PbI₃) (DMF) (1), (MB)₄(Cu₂I₄)₂ (2), and (MB)₃(Bi₂I₉) (DMF)₂ (3), have been synthesized and characterized. The iodometalate anion features as a [PbI₃]_∞⁻ chain in 1, a dinuclear unit of Cu₂I₄^2- in 2, and a dinuclear unit of Bi₂I₉³⁻ in 3. Due to the synergy of cations and anions, the MB⁺ cations present supramolecular column stacks in 1 and 3, but a novel supramolecular octamer structure in 2. Their thermogravimetric analyses reveal that the polymeric inorganic anion structure is helpful to increase the stability of cation whereas the discrete structure is adverse. For seeking some clues which is significant to searching new photochromic systems, the density functional theory (DFT) studies have been performed on 1, in which the electronic structure analyses suggests that the stacking mode of cations and anions could be also an important factor influencing the charge transfer between them. In addition, dielectric hysteresis loop testing has been performed on 1 due to its polar space group of Cc.     

Modification of new polymer materials based on aminostyrene by irradiation

The ultra-violet (UV) irradiation induced modification of the mechanical and optical properties of several polymer composites containing 4-aminostyrene and glycidyl methacrylate and their dependences on radiation dose, structure and ageing have been investigated. The nano- and microindentation techniques were used for determination of the mechanical parameters of as-grown and irradiated materials. The light-induced structural changes result in an increase of the hardness and elastic modulus of the polymer layers up to five and three times, respectively. It is also shown that the influence of polymer structure is significant. The conditions for improvement, degradation and stabilization of physical properties by UV irradiation were established. Load and depth sensing indentation has proved to be a powerful tool for an accurate estimation of mechanical properties of cross-linking polymer compositions. Variable-energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (slow-positron beam technique) was developed to measure defect depth profiles in the near-surface region. The increase of S-parameter with the increase of nano-hardness and elastic modulus has been determined for these materials.     

Crystal structures and electronic properties of BaC_2 isomers by theoretical study based on DFT

Band structures and electronic properties of two BaC2 isomers were calculated by using density func-tional theory(DFT) properly.The ionic bond features are all typical between cation(Ba) and anion clusters(C2) in both structures of the isomers.However,a much stronger covalent bond exists in anion clusters which can be seen by inspecting the electron distribution contour that has a dull bell like shape between two carbon atoms.The shortest distance between Ba2 and C22? and the bond length in anion clusters are different in these isomers of BaC2,which are 0.2945 nm and 0.1185 nm for the structure with the I4/mmm space group and 0.2744 and 0.1136 nm with the C2/c type,respectively.Band structures were clarified by combining the DOS to indicate the ionic bonding features more clearly.Population analysis provided further evidence on these ideas.Thermodynamical calculation results reveal that the transition temperature of these two polymorphs of BaC2 locates near 132 K,which is consistent with the recent experimental results.     

Synthesis and optical/thermal properties of low molecular mass V-shaped materials based on 2,3-dicyanopyrazine

A novel series of luminescent low molecular mass materials containing a 2,3-dicyanopyrazine central core were synthesized through an esterification reaction between diphenol 10 and different aromatic carboxylic acids 1-6, containing terminal long alkyl chains. They have a similar V-shaped geometry with lack of planarity between the two arms, confirmed by the X-ray structure of the central core. The optical and thermal properties of these compounds were evaluated. They show blue fluorescence in solution ( 440-480 nm) with quantum fluorescence yields (Φ_F) from 0.003 to 0.1 and Stokes shifts of around 90 nm. In solid state, optical band gaps (E_g) were from 3.14 to 3.32 eV. Thin films of 11, 13, and 14 exhibited blue fluorescence ( 430-456 nm), and 12, 15, and 16 (more bulky) displayed green fluorescence ( 488-512 nm). Most of the materials exhibited good thermal stability, exhibiting an amorphous glassy state after melting. Transparent amorphous films were easily obtained through spin coating and characterized by AFM analysis.     

NH stretching vibrations of pyrrole clusters studied by infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy

The IR spectra for various sizes of pyrrole clusters were measured in the NH stretching vibration region by infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy. The hydrogen-bonded structures and normal modes of the pyrrole clusters were analyzed by a density functional theory calculation of the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. Two types of pulsed nozzles, a slit and a large pinhole, were used to generate different cluster size distributions in a supersonic jet. A rotational contour analysis of the NH stretching vibration for the monomer revealed that the slit nozzle provides a warmer jet condition than the pinhole one. The IR spectra, measured under the warmer condition, showed the intense bands at 3444, 3392, and 3382 cm(-1), which were assigned to hydrogen-bonded NH stretching vibrations due to the dimer, the trimer, and the tetramer, respectively. On the other hand, the IR spectra measured under a lower temperature condition by a pinhole nozzle showed a broad absorption feature in addition to sharp bands. This broad absorption was reproduced by the sum of two Gaussians peaks at 3400 and 3372 cm(-1) with widths of 30 and 50 cm(-1) (FWHM), respectively. Compared with the spectra of the condensed phase, two bands at 3400 and 3372 cm(-1) were assigned to hydrogen-bonded NH stretching vibrations of larger clusters having liquid-like and solid-like structures, respectively.     

分子筛基NH3吸附材料的制备与性能研究

通过对分子筛原粉添加黏结剂,制备出了适宜作为吸附材料的成型分子筛颗粒.随后对成型分子筛颗粒进行活性组分的负载,并采用氮气吸附等温线对不同样品的比表面积和孔径分布进行了分析表征.通过考察样品对氨气的动态吸附能力,对活性组分的种类和含量进行筛选和优化,最终确定以质量分数为8%的H_2SO_4作为分子筛基氨气吸附材料的配比组成.通过与活性炭吸附材料的对比发现,在低湿度和高湿度2种条件下,分子筛基防护材料对NH3的防护性能均优于活性炭.     

Solvent dependence of absorption intensities and wavenumbers of the fundamental and first overtone of NH stretching vibration of pyrrole studied by near-infrared/infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations

Near-infrared (NIR) and IR spectra were measured for pyrrole in CCl(4), CHCl(3), and CH(2)Cl(2) to study solvent dependence of absorption intensities and wavenumbers of the fundamental and first overtone of NH stretching vibration. It was found that the wavenumbers of the NH fundamental and its first overtone decrease in the order of CCl(4), CHCl(3), and CH(2)Cl(2), which is the increasing order for of the dielectric constant of the solvents. Their absorption intensities increase in the same order, and the intensity increase is more significant for the fundamental than the overtone. These results for the solvent dependence of the wavenumbers and absorption intensities of NH stretching bands of pyrrole are quite different from those due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Quantum chemical calculations of the wavenumbers and absorption intensities of NH stretching bands by using the 1D Schr?dinger equation based on the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF)/isodensity surface polarized continuum model (IPCM) suggest that the decreases in the wavenumbers of both the fundamental and the overtone of the NH stretching mode with the increase in the dielectric constant of the solvents arise from the anharmonicity of vibrational potential and their intensity increases come from the gradual increase in the slope of the dipole moment function.