[Bmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量氯酚类内分泌干扰物

利用离子液体双水相萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了水中痕量氯酚类内分泌干扰物.以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,6-二氯酚(2,6-DCP)和对氯苯酚(4-CP)为目标分析物,考察了影响离子液体双水相萃取率的主要因素,如分相盐的浓度、水相pH值、萃取时间及离子液体加人量.当NaH2PO4的浓度为0.5 g/...     

离子液体在多水相液液平衡体系中的作用

通过用短链离子液体(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[C2mim]Br、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[C4mim]Br)部分或全部取代SDS/DTAB/PEG/NaBr/H2O多水相体系中的无机盐NaBr,用长链离子液体十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[C12mim]Br部分取代体系中阳离子表面活性剂DTAB,系统研究了离子液体在分相体系中的作用及其对分相体系性质的影响.研究表明,SDS/DTAB/PEG/NaBr/H2O混合体系形成的四水相体系可以看作"聚合物双水相"与"表面活性剂双水相"共存的结果.短链离子液体([C2mim]Br、[C4mim]Br)较强的亲水性能赋予其较强的盐析能力,在混合体系中表现出明显的盐效应,保证了四水相体系中"聚合物双水相"的存在.短链离子液体与聚合物之间的相互作用及其对表面活性剂之间相互作用的影响均不可忽略.对混合体系的相行为,共存多相的性质有重要的影响.而长链离子液体[C12mim]Br主要通过自身的疏水作用影响"表面活性剂双水相"的性质,充当表面活性剂的角色.然而,[C12mim]Br与DTAB分子结构上的差异,导致表面活性剂分子在"表面活性剂双水相"的两相重新分配,影响了对应两相的体积及萃取能力.可见,通过调节离子液体的烷基链长、混合体系中的含量等可获得具有特定性质的多水相体系.     

离子液体双水相萃取分离苋菜红的研究

建立了由亲水性离子液体四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]BF4)和NaH2PO4形成的双水相体系萃取分离苋菜红的新方法.研究了盐的浓度、离子液体浓度、溶液酸度、其它共存物质对苋菜红萃取率的影响.结果表明,NaH2PO4加入量在2～2.5 g,离子液量在1.0～2.0 mL,苋菜红溶液量在1.5 mL,溶液酸度在pH 4～6范围,离子液体双水相体系对苋菜红有较高的萃取率(E%＞90).用加入无机离子、不同类型表面活性剂和吸收光谱探讨了离子液体与苋菜红之间的作用.     

芦丁在离子液体双水相中分配性能

建立了室温离子液体四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]BF4)和NaH2PO4组成的双水相萃取体系并用于对芦丁的萃取分离研究。考察了离子液体用量、芦丁的浓度、盐的加入量、溶液酸度和加入其它物质对芦丁在两相中分配的影响。结果表明,离子液在1.0~2.5 mL,磷酸二氢钠加入量在1.0~2.0 g,加入卢丁溶液0.5~2.5 mL,酸度在pH值为2~7范围,卢丁在离子液体双水相体系中有较高的萃取率(E%>90)。除阳离子表面活性剂外,其余大部分物质不影响相比和卢丁的测定。离子液相中卢丁的最大吸收波长为358 nm,与乙醇水溶液中比较,最大吸收波长发生紫移,表明离子液与卢丁发生了作用。利用离子液体双水相体系,测定了银杏叶中卢丁的含量。     

醇与离子液体二元双水相体系萃取盐酸多西环素

基于小分子醇双水相体系和离子液体双水相体系,建立了正丙醇与亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸[Bmim]BF4和(NH4)2SO4形成的二元双水相体系萃取盐酸多西环素的新方法。考察了(NH4)2SO4含量、正丙醇用量、pH值、离子液体含量以及盐酸多西环素含量对盐酸多西环素分配行为的影响。结果表明:当醇和离子液体二元双水相体系的pH值在4.0～5.0范围内,(NH4)2SO4含量为34%,且盐酸多西环素的质量浓度在25～95 mg/L之间时,该体系对盐酸多西环素的萃取率可达90.26%～95.71%,分配系数可达62.452～149.401。     

新型功能化离子液体的合成及液-液萃取钕(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了新型功能化离子液体1-戊基-3-(3-乙基苯基膦酰基)丙基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺盐的合成及对Nd(Ⅲ)的萃取性能,考察了水相酸度、萃取时间、杂质离子等对萃取性能的影响。结果表明,在0.13g该离子液体中,萃取时间为30min,5 mL pH 9.0的Nd(Ⅲ)溶液浓度在0.1～5.0μg/mL时,其线性回归方程为Y=-29352+2.423×106ρ(μg/mL),线性相关系数和最低检测限分别为0.9982和0.0025μg/mL。同时研究了离子液体的回收利用,在5%HNO3介质中洗脱30 min,Nd(Ⅲ)洗脱率达86%以上,回收后的离子液体可再利用。     

离子液体双水相萃取荧光法测定维生素B6

基于离子液体在盐的作用下能够形成双水相,用于目标物质的萃取,提出了离子液体-硫酸铵双水相萃取、荧光法测定痕量维生素B6的新方法.实验探讨了影响维生素B6萃取率的主要因素,如酸度、萃取剂的用量、时间等.在最适条件下,即λex/λem=342/418 nm,pH=8.69,离子液体和硫酸铵的用量分别为1.3mL、2.8g,...     

离子液体双水相体系萃取分离牛血清白蛋白

建立了由亲水性离子液体四氟硼酸1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑([Bmim]BF4)和KH2PO4形成的双水相体系萃取分离牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的新方法。研究了不同盐及盐的浓度、离子液体浓度以及蛋白质用量、溶液酸度、其它共存物质对双水相成相及BSA萃取率的影响,结果表明,磷酸二氢钾盐浓度为80g/L,离子液体浓度在160~240mL/L,BSA的浓度为30~50mg/L,溶液酸度在pH4~8范围,离子液体双水相体系对BSA有较高的萃取率。用加入不同类型表面活性剂探讨了离子液体与蛋白质之间的作用。     

室温离子液体在分离科学研究中的新进展

室温离子液体作为一种重要的绿色溶剂,由于在金属离子、小分子有机物的萃取分离,气体吸附分离以及作为液相和气相色谱固定相等许多分离过程中体现出高分离效率和高选择性的特点,正在成为分离科学研究的前沿领域.着重总结了从2003—2006年的室温离子液体在分离科学领域中的新进展,并对其应用领域和发展前景做了展望.提出进一步加强离子液体的功能化和固定化技术及其在分离科学中的应用基础研究,探索离子液体有效的回收和再循环利用的新方法,是离子液体今后在分离科学研究中的一系列重要内容.     

咪唑基离子液体固定分离CO2的研究进展

以咪唑基离子液体为代表,综述了近期普通咪唑基离子液体、功能咪唑基离子液体、支撑咪唑基离子液体和聚合咪唑基离子液体在分离固定CO2方面的研究进展,说明了各类咪唑基离子液体分离固定CO2的可行性及优缺点,并总结了离子液体固定CO2的影响因素和分离机制.     

Design of functional guanidinium ionic liquid aqueous two-phase systems for the efficient purification of protein

A series of novel cationic functional hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids and anionic functional tetraalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been devised and synthesized based on 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. The structures of the ionic liquids (ILs) were confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and the production yields were all above 90%. Functional guanidinium ionic liquid aqueous two-phase systems (FGIL-ATPSs) have been first designed with these functional guanidinium ILs and phosphate solution for the purification of protein. After phase separation, proteins had transferred into the IL-rich phase and the concentrations of proteins were determined by measuring the absorbance at 278 nm using an ultra violet visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. The advantages of FGIL-ATPSs were compared with ordinary ionic liquid aqueous two-phase systems (IL-ATPSs). The proposed FGIL-ATPS has been applied to purify lysozyme, trypsin, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin. Single factor experiments were used to research the effects of the process, such as the amount of ionic liquid (IL), the concentration of salt solution, temperature and the amount of protein. The purification efficiency reaches to 97.05%. The secondary structure of protein during the experimental process was observed upon investigation using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism spectrum (CD spectrum). The precision, stability and repeatability of the process were investigated. The mechanisms of purification were researched by dynamic light scattering (DLS), determination of the conductivity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was suggested that aggregation and embrace phenomenon play a significant role in the purification of proteins. All the results show that FGIL-ATPSs have huge potential to offer new possibility in the purification of proteins.     

Thermodynamic studies of partitioning behavior of cytochrome c in ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system

The ionic liquid/aqueous two-phase extraction systems (ATPSs) based on imidazolium ionic liquids were used to extract cytochrome c. Effects of the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquid cations, concentration of potassium citrate, temperature and pH on the extraction efficiency have been investigated. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG(T)°, ΔH(T)° and ΔS(T)°) associated with Cyt-c partitioning in aqueous two phase systems were determined. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the partitioning of Cyt-c was driven by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in the extraction process. Under the optimum conditions, experiment results showed that 94% of the cytochrome c could be extracted into the ionic liquid-rich phase in a one-step extraction. The structural characterization of Cyt-c in the IL ATPS was investigated by UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results demonstrated that no direct bonding interaction observed between ionic liquid and cytochrome c, while the native properties of the cytochrome c were not altered. Compared with traditional liquid-liquid extractions based on toxic organic solvents, ionic liquid/aqueous two phase extraction offers clear advantages due to no use of volatile organic solvent and low consumption of imidazolium ionic liquids.     

Process intensification of whole-cell biocatalysis with ionic liquids

The unique properties of room temperature ionic liquids such as non-volatility, nonflammability, and, in many cases, high thermal and chemical stability have made them an environmentally attractive alternative to organic solvents. Biphasic biocatalytic processes with nonmiscible liquid phases are usually applied with whole-cell biocatalysts to overcome low water solubility of substrates or products, inhibitory effects of the reactants on the biocatalyst, or low stability of substrates or products in the aqueous phase. The surprising noninvasive effects on cellular membranes of hydrophobic ionic liquids especially of those with hexafluorophosphate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions in biphasic ionic liquid/water systems make them superior to many organic solvents so far applied in whole-cell biotransformations. Impressive process intensification in simple biphasic batch processes was recently demonstrated on the examples of asymmetric synthesis with whole-cell biocatalysts, if the distribution coefficients of inhibitory substrates and products between ionic liquids and aqueous phase exceed a log D of about 2 (e.g., ketones and beta-ketoesters with lipophilic side chains and their corresponding chiral alcohols).     

Effect of anionic structure on the phase formation and hydrophobicity of amino acid ionic liquids aqueous two-phase systems

Compared with the conventional ionic liquids, amino acid ionic liquids are more biodegradable and biocompatible, and can enhance stability of biomaterials. In this work, amino acid ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium L-serine ([C(4)mim][Ser]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine ([C(4)mim][Gly]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium L-alanine ([C(4)mim][Ala]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium L-leucine ([C(4)mim][Leu]) have been synthesized. These ionic liquids are found to form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) by the salted-out of K(3)PO(4) in aqueous solutions. Phase diagram of the ATPSs and the Gibbs energies of transfer of methylene group from the bottom salt-rich phase to the top ionic liquid-rich phase have been determined at 298.15K and pH 14, and the effect of anionic structure of the ionic liquids on phase formation of the ATPSs and the relative hydrophobicity between the top and the bottom phases are then examined. In order to understand the effect of relative hydrophobicity of the phases in equilibrium in the ATPSs on the extraction/separation capability of biomolecules, the partition coefficients of cytochrome-c (as a model biomolecule) in the ATPSs are measured by spectrophotometry. It is suggested that hydrophobic interactions are mainly responsible for the higher partition coefficients of cytochrome-c in aqueous two-phase systems at pH 14, and the extraction and separation capacity of biomolecules can be improved by the modulation of the relative hydrophobicity of the phases and/or the pH of the system.     

Enantioseparation of mandelic acid enantiomers in ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems

In the past decade, ionic liquids have received great attention owing to their potential as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In this work, hydrophobic achiral ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF₆]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([omim][BF₄])) were used as solvents in chiral liquid-liquid extraction separation of mandelic acid (MA) enantiomers with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives as hydrophilic chiral selectors preferentially forming complexes with (R)-enantiomers. Factors affecting the separation efficiency were optimised, namely the type of the extraction solvents and β-CD derivatives, concentrations of the β-CD derivatives and MA enantiomers, pH, and temperature. Excellent enantioseparation of MA enantiomers was achieved in the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems under the optimal conditions of pH 2.5 and temperature of 5°C with the maximum enantioselectivity (α) of 1.74. The experimental results demonstrated that the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase extraction systems with a β-CD derivative as the chiral selector have a strong chiral recognition ability, which might extend the application of ionic liquids in chiral separation.     

Insight into the interactions that control the phase behaviour of new aqueous biphasic systems composed of polyethylene glycol polymers and ionic liquids

New polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ionic liquid aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) are presented. Distinct pairs of PEG polymers and ionic liquids can induce phase separation in aqueous media when dissolved at appropriate concentrations. Phase diagrams have been determined for a large array of systems at 298, 308 and 323 K. A comparison of the binodal curves allowed the analysis of the tunable structural features of the ionic liquid (i.e., anionic nature, cationic core, cationic alkyl side chain length and functionalisation, and number of alkyl substituents in the cation) and the influence of the molecular weight of the PEG polymer on the ability of these solutes to induce an ABS. It was observed that contrary to typical ABS based on ionic liquids and inorganic salts, in which the phase behaviour is dominated by the formation of the hydration complexes of the ions, the interactions between the PEG polymers and ionic liquids control the phase demixing in the polymer-type ABS studied herein. It is shown that both the ionic liquids and PEG polymers can act as the salting-out species; that is, it is an occurrence that is dependent on the structural features of the ionic liquid. For the first time, PEG/ionic liquid ABS are reported and insight into the major interactions that govern the polymer/ionic liquid phase behaviour in aqueous media are provided. The use of two different nonvolatile and tunable species (i.e., ionic liquids and PEG polymers) to form ABS allows the polarities of the phases to be tailored. Hence, the development of environmentally friendly separation processes that make use of these novel systems is envisaged.     

离子液体处理含油污水实验研究

合成出了适合于含油污水处理的憎水性离子液体,研究了离子液体对含油污水的处理条件。当离子液体与含油污水体积比为1∶5,pH值为5,处理15min后,水中油的去除率为95.6%,COD_Cr的去除率为93.5%,表明应用离子液体可以有效地去除油田采出水中的有机物。同时考察了再生离子液体对除油效果的影响,其五次平行实验的除油率达95.4%,COD_Cr去除率为93.2%,表明离子液体可以回收利用。在此基础上,分析了离子液体对含油污水处理的作用机理。     

High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review

Ionic liquids and derivatives—mainly polymeric ionic liquids and magnetic ionic liquids—have been extensively used in microscale extraction over the past few years. Current trends in analytical sample preparation gear toward linking microextraction approaches with high‐throughput sample processing to comply with green analytical chemistry requirements. A variety of high sample throughput strategies that are coupled to both ionic‐liquid‐based solid‐phase microextraction and ionic liquid‐based liquid‐phase microextraction are herein reported. The review is focused on microscale extraction methods that use (i) custom‐made and dedicated extraction devices, (ii) parallel extraction, (iii) magnetic‐based separation, and (iv) miniaturized systems employing semi‐automatic or fully automatic flow injection methods, related micro/millifluidic devices, and robotic equipment.     

The influence of temperature on the phase behavior of ionic liquid aqueous two-phase systems

In this article, the equilibrium behavior of solutions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([Emim]DMP) and ethyl acetate or acetone in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was discussed to understand the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) behavior of these organic solvents. Thus, we determined phase diagrams and LLE data at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K for the investigated biphasic systems. Four empirical equations were used to study the tie lines. The results showed that for the [Emim]DMP?+?acetone?+?water biphasic systems within the investigated temperature range, temperature influences the phase behavior, but for the [Emim]DMP?+?ethyl acetate?+?water biphasic systems within the investigated temperature range, there are no notable changes on the phase behavior with rising temperature. The results may have important applications for the separation of antibiotics and for the recovery of ionic liquids (ILs).