HL—1装置边缘分子过程对中性粒子输运的影响

本文采用新版的一维中性粒子输运程序,在平板几何下模拟了HL-1装置边缘8cm区域的分子过程及中性粒子与壁相互作用对中性粒子输运的影响,得到了电离速率的径向分布、稳态中性氢原子径向分布、壁与边缘等离子体区之间、芯部等离子体与边缘等离子体之间中性氢各种粒子通量、能量通量并与只含原子过程的类似计算进行了比较,结果表明边缘区的分子过程对巾性氢原子输运有显著的影响。有些结果得到实验的证实。     

HT-6M装置H模放电的中性粒子研究

HT-6M托卡马克通过边界欧姆加热实现了改善约束的H模，利用中性粒子测量方法成功地研究了等离子体H模放电的中性粒子变化．观察到边界欧姆加热H模放电期间从等离子体逃逸的中性粒子比纯欧姆加热明显减少；约束改善后等离子体中心热区的中性原子密度下降，得到了反映等离子体约束改善的中性粒子特征．实验结果与其他诊断进行了比较和讨论 关键词：     

再入飞行器驻点流光辐射特性的理论建模

本文用直接模拟蒙特卡罗法，对再入体驻点区域的流场、光辐射特性进行了研究．针对头部锥体驻点区（包括激波层），建立了流场中的化学反应模型，中性粒子和等离子体的热运动、粒子间碰撞的理论模型，碰撞激发辐射和化学发光辐射的物理模型．给出了样本粒子运动方向和速率、粒子碰撞对的选择等蒙特卡罗法概率模型和计算方法．     

中性粒子输运及其应用研究

1引言 由于中性粒子不带电，因此不受磁场的约束，可以比较自由地出入等离子体区域。一方面，中性粒子输运直接影响主等高子体的能量平衡、动量平衡和粒子半衡；另一方面，研究中性粒子输运对等离子体诊断提供依据和分析对象。如逃逸的快中性原子可以被用来测量离子温度。     

基于EAST束发射光谱的中性束衰减特征研究

中性束注入(NBI)是托卡马克装置重要的辅助加热与电流驱动手段,中性原子的离化是决定中性束的加热(能量和粒子沉积剖面)和电流驱动效率的关键环节。通常情况下,利用背景等离子体参数与中性束参数模拟计算快的中性粒子与等离子体的离化,即中性束沉积过程,进而分析托卡马克中性束加热和电流驱动效果。束发射光谱是高能中性粒子注入等离子体后,与等离子体的电子、离子发生碰撞激发,中性粒子退激发过程中产生的一系列特征谱线,其束发射光谱强度受等离子体密度、温度、束能量、束密度等因素影响,可以利用束发射光谱强度变化研究中性束的衰减特性。在EAST托卡马克上通过实验测量中性束粒子与等离子体碰撞激发的光谱强度,分析得到了中性束在不同等离子体密度以及不同中性束能量下的衰减特性,并采用主动束光谱仿真与数值分析软件(SOS)进行了相应的模拟计算,研究表明实验测量与模拟计算结果两者具有较好的一致性,这验证了通过实验测量束发射光谱获取中性束衰减特征的可行性。     

不同电离度下大气等离子体粒子行为的数值模拟

利用一个空间零维大气等离子体模型对其中的主要粒子在不同电离度情况下的变化规律进行了研究.得到放电后不同初始电子密度下的电子寿命,同时给出了主要带电粒子和中性粒子密度随时间的演化.结果表明,电子密度随时间快速衰减,电子寿命随电离度的增大而减小.对一些重要的中性粒子(如O,N,O₃和NO)随电离度增大的行为进行了分析. 关键词： 电离度 大气等离子体 数值模拟     

非中性等离子体研究

人们通常遇到的等离子体是由大量的接近于自由运动的电子和离子所构成的体系,其中体系的尺度必远大于德拜长度;粒子间的平均距离远小于德拜长度,换言之,满足这两条件的带电粒子体系才能称为等离子体.粒子的运动主要取决于粒子间的电磁相互作用,由于这是长程作用,因而等离子体具有诸如各种振荡与波以及不稳定性等集体行为,而且就整体来讲,它在电学上是准中性的.为区别起见,我们称它为中性等离子体. 非中性等离子体则指的是由带有单种电荷的粒子(电子或离子)所组成的体系,它满足以上等离子体的条件,但在电学上是非中性的,这是它与中性等离子体…     

局部热力学平衡状态下的等离子体电导率计算

在Zollweg & Liebermann模型（Z&L模型）的基础上,结合高温条件下的量子机理作用,考虑了电子与中性粒子的碰撞关系,最终得出修正后的电导率模型,并对局部热力学平衡状态下的水中放电等离子体的粒子数密度及电导率进行了模拟计算.计算结果表明压力为定值的情况下,水中放电等离子体的总粒子数密度随温度变化呈下降趋势,温度达到15000 K时,一次电离达最大值.电导率随温度增加总体呈上升趋势,温度低于12000 K时,电子与中性粒子的碰撞起主导作用,而温度高于25000 K时,电子与离子的碰撞起主导作用.     

局部热力学平衡状态下的等离子体电导率计算

在ZollwegLiebermann模型(ZL模型)的基础上,结合高温条件下的量子机理作用,考虑了电子与中性粒子的碰撞关系,最终得出修正后的电导率模型,并对局部热力学平衡状态下的水中放电等离子体的粒子数密度及电导率进行了模拟计算.计算结果表明压力为定值的情况下,水中放电等离子体的总粒子数密度随温度变化呈下降趋势,温度达到15000 K时,一次电离达最大值.电导率随温度增加总体呈上升趋势,温度低于12000 K时,电子与中性粒子的碰撞起主导作用,而温度高于25000 K时,电子与离子的碰撞起主导作用.     

直流辉光放电等离子体轴向动力学过程的研究

采用磁流体动力学理论,考虑了电子与中性粒子的非弹性碰撞,应用有限差分法研究了直流辉光放电氩等离子体的轴向动力学过程,得到了氩等离子体密度、输运速度、温度以及电位的轴向分布,发现了气体压强和电极间距的变化对阴极区的电子密度有较大的影响,而对阴极区的离子密度的影响甚微。 关键词：     

New bipartition model of neutral particle transport in the HL-2A divertor region

A new bipartition neutral transport model has been developed for simulation of the hydrogenic neutral particle transport in the vicinity of HL-2A divertor target plate. The numerical calculation results on the basis of this model are fairly consistent with the results obtained with the “multi-generation method”. One possible application of this model is to provide a source term originating from neutral transport calculation for any other edge plasma transport code, for instance, B-2 code, which has been used to simulate edge plasma transport of the HL-2A divertor configuration. Especially it can be utilized to quickly classify the plasma in divertor region as high or low recycling regime.     

Neutron halos in heavy nuclei-relativistic mean field approach

Assuming a simple spherical relativistic mean field model of the nucleus, we estimate the width of the antiproton-neutron annihilation (Γ_n) and the width of antiproton-proton (Γ_p) annihilation, in an antiprotonic atom system. This allows us to determine the halo factor f, which is then discussed in the context of experimental data obtained in measurements recently done on LEAR utility at CERN. Another quantity which characterizes the deviation of the average nuclear densities ratio from the corresponding ratio of the homogeneous densities is introduced too. It was shown that it is also a good indicator of the neutron halo. The results are compared to experimental data as well as to the data of the simple liquid droplet model of the nuclear densities. The single particle structure of the nuclear density tail is discussed also.     

碰撞对尘埃等离子体鞘层中尘埃颗粒影响

在一维平板鞘层中应用流体模型研究了尘埃等离子体鞘层中碰撞对尘埃颗粒密度和带电量的影响。 研究所涉及的碰撞主要有电离碰撞,电子、离子分别与中性粒子的碰撞,以及电子、离子分别与尘埃颗粒的碰撞。通过采用四阶龙格库塔法,得到了数值解。结果表明,随着电离碰撞或者电子、离子分别与中性粒子碰撞的频率 增加,都将导致鞘层中尘埃颗粒的数密度增大,数密度的极值位置向鞘边位置靠近,尘埃颗粒带电量增多。电子、离子与尘埃颗粒的碰撞,使得尘埃带电量减小。此外,从研究的结果来看,由离子产生的碰撞要比电子产生的碰 撞对尘埃颗粒的影响明显得多。     

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The fluid dynamics model was used to study the influence of the existence of the collisions on the dust particles in a dusty plasma sheath. The main collisions in this study consist of the ionization collision, the collision between electron and neutral particle, the collision between ion and neutral particle, the collision between electron and dust particle, the collision between ion and dust particle. Numerical calculation results are obtained by the fourth-order-Rung-Kutta method. It is shown that both the dust particles’ density and corresponding electricity quantity increase as the following collisions’ frequency enhances, such as ionization collision, the collision between electron and neutral particle, the collision between ion and neutral particle. The charge reduces due to the collisions concluding electron-dust particle and ion-dust particle. In addition, the effect produced by ions’ collision is much more obviously compared with electrons’ collision.     

Entstehung und Eigenschaften des Halo bei Pinch-Plasmen

In pinch discharges a second plasma regime called halo^1,2 outside the central plasma column^1-4 has been observed. This surrounding plasma was investigated in the experiments with the 5.4 m long compression coil in the ISARI linear theta pinch because there it appears highly pronounced. The development of the discharge was observed side-on (stereoscopic) with image converters and a streak camera. It appears possible to resolve the space-time behaviour of the plasma, especially in the dynamic phase of the discharge where the halo shows a filament like structure, by using high-speed color reversal film (streak camera). Furthermore, the smear pictures show that after 6–8 μsec the halo region is frozen into the external magnetic field, that is from this time the halo is characterized by a high electrical conductivity. The boundary layer of the halo follows a magnetic flux tube. The parameters of the halo, such as electron densityn _e (< 10¹⁵ cm^?3), atomic temperatureT _a , and ion temperatureT _i (< 15 eV), were determined spectroscopically as a function of time and location from the broadening of the deuterium Balmer lines. The absolutely measured line intensities do not allow direct calculation of the electron temperature since the excited levels of the investigated Balmer lines are mainly populated from the ground level. By numerical solution of a system of rate equations describing the change of the levels a region for the electron temperature 5<T _e <10eV can be specified. Different mechanisms, such as photoionization, ionization by electron impact in a time varying magnetic field, ionizing collisions of high velocity neutral atoms with neutral gas at rest, transport processes in the plasma across the magnetic field, instabilities which may cause the development of the halo, are discussed by means of the experimental results. It is concluded that the halo region is caused by flute instabilities.     

煤粒均相着火规律的研究

煤粒均相着火规律的研究张军，傅维标（清华大学工程力学系北京１０００８４）关键词均相着火，简化模型，预报１前言煤粉颗粒既能发生均相着火，又能发生非均相着火山。对非均相着火，许多学者进行了研究，取得了很多有价值的成果。均相着火由于比较复杂，一直发展缓慢。...     

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEUTRAL PARTICLE ANALYZER FOR THE HL-1M TOKAMAK

1　IntroductionConfinementandheatingofplasmasareele mentarytopicsinfusionresearch .Tocharacterizethefusionplasmasinauxiliaryheatingexperimentsaswellasinohmicheatingexperiments,measure mentofionenergyinplasmasbecomesnecessary .Neutralparticleanalyzersaresuchdevicesthatareaimedatdirectanalysisofneutralparticlesemittedfromfusionplasmasandareusedinmanyfusionresearchlaboratories[1～ 4] .Detailsofparticledi agnosticprincipleforfusionplasmacanbefoundinReference [5].Emissionofneutralparticlesisintrin…     

单粒子势模型下价核子的密度分布

依据实验事实，利用单粒子势模型，计算了一些核态外层价核子的密度分布.计算给出了价核子在核外部分布的概率和贡献，以此作为晕核态的判断标准.通过研究均方根半径随结合能变化的规律，指出了晕核态存在的条件，尤其是质子晕核态存在的条件.这些对判断和寻找晕核态有现实的指导意义. 关键词： 单粒子势模型 价核子 密度分布 中子晕核态 质子晕核态     

A measurement of deuterium neutrals by the balmer-series in the STP-2 high beta screw pinch tokamak

The neutral particle density of a deuterium plasma in the STP-2 screw pinch tokamak has been determined spectroscopically. The particle density for the ground state of deuterium is calculated from the rate equations for population density of the excited levels with principal quantum numbers 3 and 4; both of the population densities were obtained from intensities of the Balmer alpha and beta lines, and the rate coefficients for electronic collision were estimated from the electron density (10¹⁴/cm³) and temperature (10 eV) measured by laser scattering. We find that the neutral density is approx. 2 × 10¹²/cm³ at the center of the plasma and 2 × 10¹⁴/cm³ on the periphery. The time history of the neutral deuterium density is consistent with the observed increase in plasma density.