Geometric properties of root vectors for equation of nonhomogeneous damped string: transformation operators method

The spectral decomposition theorem for a class of nonselfadjoint operators in a Hilbert space is obtained in the paper. These operators are the dynamics generators for the systems governed by 1–dim hyperbolic equations with spatially nonhomogeneous coefficients containing first order damping terms and subject to linear nonselfadjoint boundary conditions. These equations and boundary conditions describe, in particular, a spatially nonhomogeneous string subject to a distributed viscous damping and also damped at the boundary points. The main result leading to the spectral decomposition is the fact that the generalized eigenvectors (root vectors) of the above operators form Riesz bases in the corresponding energy spaces. The proofs are based on the transformation operators method. The classical concept of transformation operators is extended to the equation of damped string. Originally, this concept was developed by I. M. Gelfand, B. M. Levitan and V. A. Marchenko for 1–dim Schrödinger equation in connection with the inverse scattering problem. In the classical case, the transformation operator maps the exponential function (stationary wave function of the free particle) into the Jost solution of the perturbed Schrödinger equation. For the equation of a nonhomogeneous damped string, it is natural to introduce two transformation operators (outgoing and incoming transformation operators). The terminology is motivated by an analog with the Lax—Phillips scattering theory. The transformation operators method is used to reduce the Riesz bases property problem for the generalized eigenvectors to the similar problem for a system of nonharmonic exponentials whose complex frequencies are precisely the eigenvalues of our operators. The latter problem is solved based on the spectral asymptotics and known facts about exponential families. The main result presented in the paper means that the generator of a finite string with damping both in the equation and in the boundary conditions is a Riesz spectral operator. The latter result provides a class of nontrivial examples of non—selfadjoint operators which admit an analog of the spectral decomposition. The result also has significant applications in the control theory of distributed parameter systems.     

The Far-Field Equations in Linear Elasticity for Disconnected Rigid Bodies and Cavities

In this paper the far-field equations in linear elasticity for scattering from disjoint rigid bodies and cavities are considered. The direct scattering problem is formulated in differential and integral form. The boundary integral equations are constructed using a combination of single- and double-layer potentials. Using a Fredholm type theory it is proved that these boundary integral equations are uniquely solvable. Assuming that the incident field is produced by a superposition of plane incident waves in all directions of propagation and polarization it is established that the scattered field is also expressed as the superposition of the corresponding scattered fields. A pair of integral equations of the first kind which hold independently of the boundary conditions are constructed for the far-field region. The properties of the Herglotz functions are used to derive solvability conditions for the far-field equations. It is also proved that the far-field operators, in terms of which we can express the far-field equations, are injective and have dense range. An analytical example for spheres illuminates the theoretical results.     

Scattering theory for the elastic wave equation in perturbed half-spaces

In this paper we consider the linear elastic wave equation with the free boundary condition (the Neumann condition), and formulate a scattering theory of the Lax and Phillips type and a representation of the scattering kernel. We are interested in surface waves (the Rayleigh wave, etc.) connected closely with situations of boundaries, and make the formulations intending to extract this connection.

The half-space is selected as the free space, and making dents on the boundary is considered as a perturbation from the flat one. Since the lacuna property for the solutions in the outgoing and incoming spaces does not hold because of the existence of the surface waves, instead of it, certain decay estimates for the free space solutions and a weak version of the Morawetz arguments are used to formulate the scattering theory.

We construct the representation of the scattering kernel with outgoing scattered plane waves. In this step, again because of the existence of the surface waves, we need to introduce new outgoing and incoming conditions for the time dependent solutions to ensure uniqueness of the solutions. This introduction is essential to show the representation by reasoning similar to the case of the reduced wave equation.

     

Equipped absolutely continuous subspaces and stationary construction of the wave operators in the non-self-adjoint scattering theory

For a pair of non-self-adjoint operators with characteristic operator-functions having boundary values in the strong operator topology almost everywhere on the real axis, (local) wave operators are constructed. The investigation is based on the local stationary approach arising from the self-adjoint scattering theory and a certain interpretation of the absolutely continuous subspace as an equipped Hilbert space. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the wave operators are obtained and some of their properties are described. Bibliography:28 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 217, 1994, pp. 144–171.     

Spectral analysis of eigenparameter dependent boundary value transmission problems

In this paper, the singular second order differential operators are considered defined on the multi-interval. Some boundary and transmission conditions are imposed on the maximal domain functions with the spectral parameter. After constructing the differential operators associated with the boundary value transmission problems on the suitable Hilbert spaces, it is proved that these operators are the maximal dissipative operators. Finally constructing the model operators which are established with the help of the scattering functions, it is proved that all root vectors of the maximal dissipative operators are complete in the Hilbert spaces.     

Layer potential techniques for the narrow escape problem

The narrow escape problem consists in deriving the asymptotic expansion of the solution of a drift-diffusion equation with the Dirichlet boundary condition on a small absorbing part of the boundary and the Neumann boundary condition on the remaining reflecting boundaries. Using layer potential techniques, we rigorously find high-order asymptotic expansions of such solutions. The asymptotic formula explicitly exhibits the nonlinear interaction of many small absorbing targets. Based on the asymptotic theory for eigenvalue problems developed in Ammari et al. (2009) [3], we also construct high-order asymptotic formulas for the perturbation of eigenvalues of the Laplace and the drifted Laplace operators for mixed boundary conditions on large and small pieces of the boundary.     

Two‐Phase Free Boundary Problems for Parabolic Operators: Smoothness of the Front

We continue to develop the regularity theory of general two‐phase free boundary problems for parabolic operators. In a 2010 paper, we establish the optimal (Lipschitz) regularity of a viscosity solution under the assumptions that the free boundary is locally a flat Lipschitz graph and a nondegeneracy condition holds. Here, on one side we improve this result by removing the nondegeneracy assumption; on the other side we prove the smoothness of the front. The proof relies in a crucial way on a local stability result stating that, for a certain class of operators, under small perturbations of the coefficients flat free boundaries remain close and flat. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Elliptic theory of differential edge operators I

Examples of edge operators include Laplacians on asymptotically flat and asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. Edge operators also arise in boundary problems around higher condimension boundaries. This paper is concerned with the analysis of general elliptic edge operators with constant indicide roots. We determine when such an operator has a distributional asymptotic expansion. Conditions are given to guarantee that the coefficients of this expansion are smooth. In Part I of this paper we only study the case when the operator is semi-Fredholm. Part II will examine edge operators with infinite dimensional kernel and cokernel, as well as develop the theory of Poisson edge operators.     

Integral equations requiring small numbers of Krylov-subspace iterations for two-dimensional smooth penetrable scattering problems

This paper presents a class of boundary integral equations for the solution of problems of electromagnetic and acoustic scattering by two-dimensional homogeneous penetrable scatterers with smooth boundaries. The new integral equations, which, as is established in this paper, are uniquely solvable Fredholm equations of the second kind, result from representations of fields as combinations of single and double layer potentials acting on appropriately chosen regularizing operators. As demonstrated in this text by means of a variety of numerical examples (that resulted from a high-order Nyström computational implementation of the new equations), these “regularized combined equations” can give rise to important reductions in computational costs, for a given accuracy, over those resulting from previous iterative boundary integral equation solvers for transmission problems.     

Scattering Matrix,Phase Shift,Spectral Shift and Trace Formula for One-dimensional Dissipative Schrödinger-type Operators

The paper is devoted to Schr?dinger operators with dissipative boundary conditions on bounded intervals. In the framework of the Lax-Phillips scattering theory the asymptotic behaviour of the phase shift is investigated in detail and its relation to the spectral shift is discussed. In particular, the trace formula and the Birman-Krein formula are verified directly. The results are exploited for dissipative Schr?dinger-Poisson systems. In friendship dedicated to P. Exner on the occasion of his 60^th birthday This work was supported by DFG, Grant 1480/2.     

Boundary value problems on manifolds with fibered boundary

We define a class of boundary value problems on manifolds with fibered boundary. This class is in a certain sense a deformation between the classical boundary value problems and the Atiyah–Patodi–Singer problems in subspaces (it contains both as special cases). The boundary conditions in this theory are taken as elements of the C *‐algebra generated by pseudodifferential operators and families of pseudodifferential operators in the fibers. We prove the Fredholm property for elliptic boundary value problems and compute a topological obstruction (similar to Atiyah–Bott obstruction) to the existence of elliptic boundary conditions for a given elliptic operator. Geometric operators with trivial and nontrivial obstruction are given. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Scattering theory for high order operators in domains with infinite boundary

A general scattering theory is studied for high order elliptic operators in domains with infinite boundary.     

An Intrinsic Criterion for the Bijectivity of Hilbert Operators Related to Friedrich' Systems

Friedrich' theory of symmetric positive systems of first-order PDE's is revisited so as to avoid invoking traces at the boundary. Two intrinsic geometric conditions are introduced to characterize admissible boundary conditions. It is shown that the space in which admissible boundary conditions can be enforced is maximal in a positive cone associated with the differential operator. The equivalence with a formalism based on boundary operators is investigated and practical means to construct these boundary operators are presented. Finally, the link with Friedrich' formalism and applications to various PDE's are discussed.     

Mixed boundary value problems of diffraction by a half‐plane with an obstacle perpendicular to the boundary

The paper is devoted to the analysis of wave diffraction problems modeled by classes of mixed boundary conditions and the Helmholtz equation, within a half‐plane with a crack. Potential theory together with Fredholm theory, and explicit operator relations, are conveniently implemented to perform the analysis of the problems. In particular, an interplay between Wiener–Hopf plus/minus Hankel operators and Wiener–Hopf operators assumes a relevant preponderance in the final results. As main conclusions, this study reveals conditions for the well‐posedness of the corresponding boundary value problems in certain Sobolev spaces and equivalent reduction to systems of Wiener–Hopf equations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the convergence of generalized Schwarz algorithms for solving obstacle problems with elliptic operators

In this paper, multiplicative and additive generalized Schwarz algorithms for solving obstacle problems with elliptic operators are developed and analyzed. Compared with the classical Schwarz algorithms, in which the subproblems are coupled by the Dirichlet boundary conditions, the generalized Schwarz algorithms use Robin conditions with parameters as the transmission conditions on the interface boundaries. As a result, the convergence rate can be speeded up by choosing Robin parameters properly. Convergence of the algorithms is established. This work was supported by 973 national project of China (2004CB719402) and by national nature science foundation of China (10671060).     

Canonical Extensions of Hermitian Operators

The concept of canonical extensions of Hermitian operators is introduced. Not only are such extensions of interest on their own merits, but they also have significant applications (Theorem 3 in particular) in constructing spaces of boundary values of Hermitian operators with various defect numbers. In recent years boundary-value spaces have found important applications in the study of various classes of extensions of Hermitian operators and in scattering theory.     

一类带裂缝散射问题的边界积分方程方法

声波的散射问题中,如果散射体由不可穿透障碍物和可穿透裂缝两部分组成,障碍物表面分别满足第一类和第三类边界条件,裂缝两边满足不同的第二类边界条件,通过位势理论,可以将此混合问题转化为边界积分方程,通过Fredholm算子理论可以得到这个边界积分方程解的存在性和唯一性,从而获得原问题解的存在和唯一性.     

Volume integral equations of the scattering problem of poroelasticity and their properties

Scattering of monochromatic waves on an isolated inhomogeneity (inclusion) in an infinite poroelastic medium is considered. Wave propagation in the medium and the inclusion are described by Biot's equations of poroelasticity. The problem is reduced to 3D‐integro‐differential equations for displacement and pressure fields in the region occupied by the inclusion. Properties of the integral operators in these equations are studied. Discontinuities of the fields on the inclusion boundary are indicated. The case of a thin inclusion with low permeability is considered. The corresponding scattering problem is reduced to a 2D integral equation on the middle surface of the inclusion. The unknown function in this equation is the pressure jump in the transverse direction to the inclusion middle surface. An inclusion with a thin layer of low permeability on its interface is considered. The appropriate boundary conditions on the inclusion interface are pointed out. Methods of numerical solution of the volume integral equations of the scattering problems of poroelasticity are discussed.     

Temporally inhomogeneous nonlinear scattering theory

This paper considers scattering theory for a pair of time dependent nonlinear evolution equations. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of the forward wave operators. An approximation theory for the forward wave operators is also developed.     

A note on the existence of extension operators for Sobolev spaces on periodic domains

In this note, we prove the existence of a family of extension operators for Sobolev spaces defined on ε-periodic domains. The norms of the operators are shown to be independent of ε. This extension theorem is relevant in the theory of homogenization for PDE's under flux boundary conditions.