Generalized Hankel operators and the generalized solution operator to $ \bar \partial $ on the Fock space and on the Bergman space of the unit disc

In this paper we consider Hankel operators = (Id – P ₁) from A ²(?, |z |²) to A ^2,1(?, |z |²)^⊥. Here A ²(?, |z |²) denotes the Fock space A ²(?, |z |²) = {f: f is entire and ‖f ‖² = ∫_? |f (z)|² exp (–|z |²) dλ (z) < ∞}. Furthermore A ^2,1(?, |z |²) denotes the closure of the linear span of the monomials { z ⁿ : n, l ∈ ?, l ≤ 1} and the corresponding orthogonal projection is denoted by P ₁. Note that we call these operators generalized Hankel operators because the projection P ₁ is not the usual Bergman projection. In the introduction we give a motivation for replacing the Bergman projection by P ₁. The paper analyzes boundedness and compactness of the mentioned operators. On the Fock space we show that is bounded, but not compact, and for k ≥ 3 that is not bounded. Afterwards we also consider the same situation on the Bergman space of the unit disc. Here a completely different situation appears: we have compactness for all k ≥ 1. Finally we will also consider an analogous situation in the case of several complex variables. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Some questions in the theory of inverse problems for differential operators

For the two operatorsLy=y ⁿ +σ _k=0 ⁿ⁻² p _k (x)y( ^k ) and Ry=yⁿ+σ _k=0 ⁿ⁻² p_k(x)y(^k) with a common set of boundary conditions we establish a connection between p_k(x) and P_k(x) in the case where the weight numbers coincide and a finite number of the eigenvalues do not coincide, in terms of the eigenfunctions of these operators corresponding to the noncoincident eigenvalues and the derivatives of these functions. This enables us to recover the operator L from the operator R by solving a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. For Sturm-Liouville operators an analogous relation is proved for the case where infinitely many eigenvalues do not coincide. Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 151–160, February, 1977. I wish to express my thanks to my scientific adviser V. A. Sadovnich.     

On nonautonomous linear systems of differential and difference equations with -symmetric coefficient matrices

Let denote the set of continuous n×n matrices on an interval . We say that is a nontrivial k-involution if where ζ=e^-2πi/k, d₀+d₁++d_k-1=n, and with . We say that is R-symmetric if R(t)A(t)R^-1(t)=A(t), , and we show that if A is R-symmetric then solving x^′=A(t)x or x^′=A(t)x+f(t) reduces to solving k independent d_ℓ×d_ℓ systems, 0ℓk-1. We consider the asymptotic behavior of the solutions in the case where . Finally, we sketch analogous results for linear systems of difference equations.     

Spectral decomposition and Gelfand’s theorem

We consider the spectral decomposition of A, the generator of a polynomially bounded n-times integrated group whose spectrum set $\sigma(A)=\{i\lambda_{k};k\in\mathbb{\mathbb{Z}}^{*}\}We consider the spectral decomposition of A, the generator of a polynomially bounded n-times integrated group whose spectrum set s(A)={il_k;k ? \mathbb\mathbbZ^*}\sigma(A)=\{i\lambda_{k};k\in\mathbb{\mathbb{Z}}^{*}\} is discrete and satisfies ?\frac1|l_k|^ld_kⁿ < ￥\sum \frac{1}{|\lambda_{k}|^{\ell}\delta_{k}^{n}}<\infty , where ℓ is a nonnegative integer and d_k=min(\frac|l_k+1-l_k|2,\frac|l_k-1-l_k|2)\delta _{k}=\min(\frac{|\lambda_{k+1}-\lambda _{k}|}{2},\frac{|\lambda _{k-1}-\lambda _{k}|}{2}) . In this case, Theorem 3, we show by using Gelfand’s Theorem that there exists a family of projectors (P_k)_{k ? \mathbb\mathbbZ^*}(P_{k})_{k\in\mathbb{\mathbb{Z}}^{*}} such that, for any x∈D(A ^n+ℓ ), the decomposition ∑P _k x=x holds.     

Tensor Product Representations of the Lie Superalgebra 𝔭(n) and Their Centralizers

Abstract

We construct an associative algebra A _k and show that there is a representation of A _k on V ^?k , where V is the natural 2n-dimensional representation of the Lie superalgebra 𝔭(n). We prove that A _k is the full centralizer of 𝔭(n) on V ^?k , thereby obtaining a “Schur-Weyl duality” for the Lie superalgebra 𝔭(n). This result is used to understand the representation theory of the Lie superalgebra 𝔭(n). In particular, using A _k we decompose the tensor space V ^?k , for k = 2 or 3, and show that V ^?k is not completely reducible for any k ≥ 2.     

Schouten curvature functions on locally conformally flat Riemannian manifolds

Consider a compact Riemannian manifold (M, g) with metric g and dimension n ≥ 3. The Schouten tensor A _g associated with g is a symmetric (0, 2)-tensor field describing the non-conformally-invariant part of the curvature tensor of g. In this paper, we consider the elementary symmetric functions {σ _k (A _g ), 1 ≤ k ≤ n} of the eigenvalues of A _g with respect to g; we call σ _k (A _g ) the k-th Schouten curvature function. We give an isometric classification for compact locally conformally flat manifolds which satisfy the conditions: A _g is semi-positive definite and σ _k (A _g ) is a nonzero constant for some k ∈ {2, ... , n}. If k = 2, we obtain a classification result under the weaker conditions that σ₂(A _g ) is a non-negative constant and (M ⁿ , g) has nonnegative Ricci curvature. The corresponding result for the case k = 1 is well known. We also give an isometric classification for complete locally conformally flat manifolds with constant scalar curvature and non-negative Ricci curvature. Udo Simon: Partially supported by Chinese-German cooperation projects, DFG PI 158/4-4 and PI 158/4-5, and NSFC.     

Rate of decay of weakly lacunary series

Let function f(z) ≠ 0 be analytic in the unit disk and have sparse nonzero Taylor coefficients. Then the rate of decay of the function f as x → 1 − 0 depends on the rate of sparseness of its nonzero Taylor coefficients. In this paper, we consider the case f(z) = $ \sum\nolimits_{k = 0}^\infty {a_k z^{n_k } } $ \sum\nolimits_{k = 0}^\infty {a_k z^{n_k } } , where n _k ≥ A ₀(k + 2) ^p logb(k + 2).     

Clifford-Hermite-monogenic operators

In this paper we consider operators acting on a subspace ℳ of the space L ₂ (ℝ^m; ℂ_m) of square integrable functions and, in particular, Clifford differential operators with polynomial coefficients. The subspace ℳ is defined as the orthogonal sum of spaces ℳ_s,k of specific Clifford basis functions of L ₂(ℝ^m; ℂm). Every Clifford endomorphism of ℳ can be decomposed into the so-called Clifford-Hermite-monogenic operators. These Clifford-Hermite-monogenic operators are characterized in terms of commutation relations and they transform a space ℳ_s,k into a similar space ℳ_s′,k′. Hence, once the Clifford-Hermite-monogenic decomposition of an operator is obtained, its action on the space ℳ is known. Furthermore, the monogenic decomposition of some important Clifford differential operators with polynomial coefficients is studied in detail.     

On the sequence of powers of a stochastic matrix with large exponent

We consider the class of primitive stochastic n×n matrices A, whose exponent is at least (n²−2n+2)/2+2. It is known that for such an A, the associated directed graph has cycles of just two different lengths, say k and j with k>j, and that there is an α between 0 and 1 such that the characteristic polynomial of A is λⁿ−αλ^n−j−(1−α)λ^n−k. In this paper, we prove that for any mn, if α1/2, then A^m+k−A^m_∞A^m−1w^T_∞, where 1 is the all-ones vector and w^T is the left-Perron vector for A, normalized so that w^T1=1. We also prove that if jn/2, n31 and , then A^m+j−A^m_∞A^m−1w^T_∞ for all sufficiently large m. Both of these results lead to lower bounds on the rate of convergence of the sequence A^m.     

On the divisor function of sets with even partition functions

Summary For P∈ F₂[z] with P(0)=1 and deg(P)≧ 1, let A =A(P) be the unique subset of N (cf. [9]) such that Σ_n≧0 p(A,n)zⁿ ≡ P(z) mod 2, where p(A,n) is the number of partitions of n with parts in A. To determine the elements of the set A, it is important to consider the sequence σ(A,n) = Σ _{d|n, d∈A} d, namely, the periodicity of the sequences (σ(A,2^kn) mod 2^k+1)_n≧1 for all k ≧ 0 which was proved in [3]. In this paper, the values of such sequences will be given in terms of orbits. Moreover, a formula to σ(A,2^kn) mod 2^k+1 will be established, from which it will be shown that the weight σ(A₁,2^kz_i) mod 2^k+1 on the orbit <InlineEquation ID=IE"1"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"2"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[$]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>z_i$ is moved on some other orbit z_j when A₁ is replaced by A₂ with A₁= A(P₁) and A₂= A(P₂) P₁ and P₂ being irreducible in F₂[z] of the same odd order.     

Algebras almost commuting with Clifford algebras in a II∞ factor

We are concerned here with certain Banach algebras of operators contained within a fixed II factor N. These algebras may be thought of as noncommutative classifying spaces for the functor Ext _* ^N The basic objects of study are the algebras A _kN (for n=1, 2,...). Here, we are given an essentially unique representation of the complex Clifford algebra C _k N and the elements of A _k are those operators in N which exactly commute with the first k–1 generators of C _k and also commute with the kth generator modulo a symmetric ideal N. Up to isomorphism, these algebras are periodic with period 2.We determine completely the homotopy types of A ₁ ^–1 and A ₂ ^–1 Here, A ₁ ^–1 is homotopy equivalent to the space of (Breuer) Fredholm operators in N, while A ₂ ^–1 is homotopy equivalent to the group K _N ^–1 ={x N^–1¦ x=1+k, k K_N}. We use these results to compute the K-theory of A ₁ and A ₂.For a fixed C ^*-algebra A, we define abelian groups G _k,N(A) of equivalence classes of homomorphisms AA _k. Letting N = M (H) for a II₁ factor M we define similar abelian groups G _k(A, M) where we replace N by L(E) for countably generated right Hilbert M-modules E with (left) actions C _k L(E). Using ideas of Skandalis, we show that G _k,NG_k(A, M) so that the G _k,N are stable half-exact homotopy functors because the G _k(·, M) are such.In general, we show that G _k(A, M)KK ^k(A, M) and so our theory fits neatly into Kasparov KK-theory. We investigate many interesting examples from our point of view.     

A note on skew differential operators on commutative rings

Let A be a commutative integral domain that is a finitely generated algebra over a field k of characteristic 0 and let ø be a k-algebra automorphism of A of finite order m. In this note we study the ring D(A;ø of differential operators introduced by A.D. Bell. We prove that if A is a free module over the fixed sub-ring A ^ø, with a basis containing 1, then D(A;ø) is isomorphic to the matrix ring M_m(D(A ^ø). It follows from Grothendieck's Generic Flatness Theorem that for an arbitrary A there is an element c?Asuch that D(A[c^-1];ø)?M _m(D(A[c^-1]^ø)). As an application, we consider the structure of D(A;ø)when A is a polynomial or Laurent polynomial ring over k and ø is a diagonalizable linear automorphism.     

Fonctions lipschitziennes et espaces de Sobolev fractionnaires

We consider a semigroup of Markovian and symmetric operators to which we associate fractional Sobolev spaces D^α_p (0 < α < 1 and 1 < p < ∞) defined as domains of fractional powers (−A_p)^α/2, where A_p is the generator of the semigroup in L^p. We show under rather general assumptions that Lipschitz continuous functions operate by composition on D^α_p if p ≥ 2. This holds in particular in the case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup on an abstract Wiener space.     

Spectral analysis of a perturbed multistratified isotropic elastic strip: new method

We study the self‐adjoint operator (𝒟(A), A) associated with an elastic isotropic and multistratified strip Ω = {(x₁, x₂) ∈ ℝ²; 0 < x₂ < L}, which means that there exists a constant a > 0 such that the density ρ and Lamé coefficients λ and μ are, for (−1)^kx₁ ⩾ a, k = 1, 2, respectively, equal to functions ρ _k, λ _k and μ _k, depending only on x₂. Thanks to [4] the properties of the free operators A^k, k = 1, 2, associated with ρ _k, λ _k and μ _k, are well‐known. We study A by considering it as a ‘compact perturbation’ of the pair (A¹, A²). The difficulty is: if ψ ∈ C(ℝ²) and u ∈ D(A) then ψ u does not necessarily belong to D(A). It has already been encountered in other studies concerning elasticity (cf. [10,18]). Adapting the techniques used there to overcome this difficulty imposes restrictive conditions on λ _k and μ _k. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method, which removes definitively this difficulty and enables us without restrictive conditions on λ _k and μ _k to prove a limiting absorption principle for A. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectral inequalities for non-selfadjoint elliptic operators and application to the null-controllability of parabolic systems

We consider elliptic operators A on a bounded domain, that are compact perturbations of a selfadjoint operator. We first recall some spectral properties of such operators: localization of the spectrum and resolvent estimates. We then derive a spectral inequality that measures the norm of finite sums of root vectors of A through an observation, with an exponential cost. Following the strategy of Lebeau and Robbiano (1995) [25], we deduce the construction of a control for the non-selfadjoint parabolic problem t_∂u+Au=Bg. In particular, the L² norm of the control that achieves the extinction of the lower modes of A is estimated. Examples and applications are provided for systems of weakly coupled parabolic equations and for the measurement of the level sets of finite sums of root functions of A.     

An Upper Bound for the Poisson Kernel on Higher Rank <Emphasis Type="Italic">NA</Emphasis> Groups

Let S be a semi direct product S=N\rtimes AS=N\rtimes A where N is a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group and A is isomorphic with ℝ ^k , k > 1. We obtain an upper bound for the Poisson kernel for the class of second order left-invariant differential operators on S.     

Analysis of Algorithms for Orthogonalizing Products of Unitary Matrices

We consider the problem of computing U_k = Q_kU_k−1(where U₀ is given) in finite precision (ϵ_M = machine precision) where U₀ and theQ_i are known to be unitary. The problem is that Û_k, the computed product may not be unitary, so one applies an O(n²) orthogonalizing step after each multiplication to (a) prevent Û_k from drifing too far from the set of untary matrices (b) prevent Û_k from drifting too far from U_k the true product. Our main results are 1. Scaling the rows to have unit length after each multiplication (the cheaptest of the algorithms considered) is usually as good as any other method with respect to either of the criteria (a) or (b). 2. A new orthogonalization algorithm that guarantees the distance of Û_k (k = 1, 2, …) to the set of unitary matrices is bounded by n^3.5ϵ_M for any choice of Q_i.     

An L p -theory for stochastic integral equations

We investigate the stochastic parabolic integral equation of convolution type

Partial regularity in non-linear elasticity

We prove partial regularity of minimizers of some polyconvex functionals. In particular our results include models such as ∫_Ω a(x,u)(|Du|²+| det Du|²), where a is a bounded H?lder continuous function, such that a(x,u)≥c for some positive constant c. Received: 2 January 2001 / Revised version: 30 August 2001     

Two-Point Boundary Value Problems for Duffing Equations across Resonance

In this paper, we consider the equation y″+f(x,y)=0 with a nonresonance condition of the form A≤f _y (x,y)≤B, where (k−1)²<A≤k ²<⋅⋅⋅<m ²≤B<(m+1)², k,m∈ℤ⁺. With optimal control theory and the Schauder fixed-point theorem, by introducing a new cost functional, we obtain a new existence and uniqueness result for the above equation with two-point boundary-value conditions. This work was supported by NSFC Grant 10501017 and 985 Project of Jilin University.