激光等离子体物理实验数据格式研究

 鉴于现行激光等离子体物理实验数据属于无格式的原始数据，从数据分析的角度出发，在研究总结“星光”和“神光”实验数据的基础上，合理规划了激光等离子体物理实验数据文件格式，并据此重新编写了数据采集程序和数据格式转换程序。叙述了新格式数据文件的优点及应用。     

装备使用与保障研究数据的生成方法研究

装备使用与保障数据是开展装备科学研究的重要依据,而由于管理不善、保密、样本过少等原因常常导致相关数据缺少应有的积累,无法满足实际研究的需要。为了克服这一困难,文章提出通过算法生成数据予以解决。首先根据数据的应用特性,将装备使用与保障数据看作简单数据、规律已知数据和规律未知数据三类,分别制定生成策略。对于简单数据和规律已知数据,通过已有的商用软件或简单的自定义方法生成;对于规律未知数据,采用模式注入或特性继承的方法生成。在某大型装备管理综合信息系统的设计开发中,对这些生成方法进行了工程实践,结果表明了方法的正确性和可行性。     

核数据研究及应用的进展与展望

核数据包括核反应数据与核结构及放射性衰变数据。核反应数据是描述入射粒子与原子核发生相互作用的数据,核结构数据是反映核素自身基本性质方面的数据。核数据是核能利用、核工程建设、核技术应用以及核物理基础研究等方面不可缺少的基础数据,在核医学、材料分析、资源勘探、环境监测、宇航技术以及核天体物理研究领域也有着广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了核数据的种类、产生及应用,评述了国际核数据研究与应用现状以及发展动态、我国核数据研究现状及存在的问题,并对我国核数据工作未来发展方向提出了几点建议。     

数据挖掘在温室大棚上的应用研究

随着物联网的兴起,数据的积累速度、维度以及体积等也越来越大,成了真正的大数据范畴。在农业温室大棚中部署的大量各种各样的传感器产生了大量多源异构的传感数据,而且这些数据中存在需要清洗的各种脏乱数据。本文按照数据清洗,模型构建和模型应用三个部分进行详述,首先介绍数据清洗技术和多源异构数据的融合技术,然后列举了常见的预测模型构建方法并分别指出了每种方法的适用情况,最后对常见的应用领域进行了综述和总结,并提出了目前还存在的问题,以及对未来的展望。     

Observations on maximum entropy processing of MR images

A maximum entropy (MAXENT) criteria for MR image processing optimizations has previously shown poor performance, but this note observes that there are two entirely different kinds of "data transmission" applications which appear to have been intermixed. In the two cases, "image entropy" actually refers to different kinds of data variables. The previous literature formulations are for transfer of data in which pixel-locations are the transmitted variable, and these pixels may be neither uniform nor constant. The second application concerns the MRI data set for display. Its data variables are image pixel-values of magnetization intensity, and the data transfer mode has the sense of visual display. When MAXENT criteria are modified to address an array of pixel-value intensities, and use a pixel-value information entropy rather than pixel-locations entropy, then successful data processing results. Restoring display visualization from highly nonuniform surface coils for lumbar spine scans are demonstrated, as an example of MAXENT usefulness.     

An analysis of error propagation in Abel inversions of spectral emission-absorption data

This paper investigates the effects of several influences upon the accuracy of Abel inversions which are performed upon spectral emission-absorption data that are obtained from axisymmetric sources of radiation.The influences that are investigated are the numerical step size that is used in the inversion, uncertainty in source diameter, and Gaussian noise superimposed upon the data. The effects of graphical and numerical data smoothing upon inversion results that are obtained with noisy data are also investigated. Graphical smoothing is found to be superior to quadratic curve fitting.     

Correction of spatially dependent phase shifts for partial Fourier imaging

Partial Fourier MR images (PFI) are constructed from data that have fewer phase encoding views than are conventionally acquired using direct Fourier transform spin echo acquisition. The PFI data acquisition is structured to obtain the same spatial resolution as conventional acquisition, trading off signal-to-noise reduction for acquisition time improvement. The "missing" views can be zero filled or, if the data are Hermitian, supplied by symmetry (basic algorithm). The effect of spatially dependent phase shifts (SDPS) on PFI constructed with zero-fill or the basic algorithm is illustrated. The causes and typical magnitudes of such SDPS are discussed. In spin echo data only the low order, slowly varying SDPS, is shown to be significant. Through use of simulated and actual data sets these typical SDPS are shown to produce significant artifacts in PFI, when the amount of missing data is close to one-half. The artifacts are reduced when less data are missing. Good images can be generated with the zero-fill algorithm if less than 25% of the data is missing. Several methods of correcting phase shifts in PFI are developed: the basic Hermitian algorithm with frequency (x) direction correction (BAX), basic Fourier correction algorithm (BFC) and an improved iterative Fourier correction algorithm (IFC). The BFC and IFC can produce good images when as much as 46% of the data is missing. Data with rapidly varying SDPS, for example, gradient refocused data, make the phase correction task more difficult. With less than 25% of the data missing, however, acceptable gradient refocused PFI images can be created.     

Modeling complex networks of nuclear reaction data for probing their discovery processes

Hundreds of thousands of experimental data sets of nuclear reactions have been systematically collected, and their number is still growing rapidly. The data and their correlations compose a complex system, which underpins nuclear science and technology. We model the nuclear reaction data as weighted evolving networks for the purpose of data verification and validation. The networks are employed to study the growing cross-section data of a neutron induced threshold reaction (n,2n) and photoneutron reaction. In the networks, the nodes are the historical data, and the weights of the links are the relative deviation between the data points. It is found that the networks exhibit small-world behavior, and their discovery processes are well described by the Heaps law. What makes the networks novel is the mapping relation between the network properties and the salient features of the database: the Heaps exponent corresponds to the exploration efficiency of the specific data set, the distribution of the edge-weights corresponds to the global uncertainty of the data set, and the mean node weight corresponds to the uncertainty of the individual data point. This new perspective to understand the database will be helpful for nuclear data analysis and compilation.     

Data failures in the "Riabina-2" experiment on MIR orbital station

Experimental data about high-energy particle fluxes obtained in 1990-2000 in the Riabina-2 experiment on board MIR orbital station are analyzed in the sense of data failures. There are two types of failure. The first type is represented as sharp positive or negative spikes on the relatively smooth time profiles of the particle fluxes. The second type is randomly distributed data gaps with durations of up to tens minutes. These two kinds of the data failures are formalized in the form of "failure occurrence probability" (FOP). The comparison analysis of the FOP with solar activity, solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity shows that one half of the observed data failures are owing to noise originating mostly from electronic equipment on board MIR station. The other half of the data failures are closely connected to geomagnetic storms and interplanetary disturbances. The space station surface charge and radio signal distortion in disturbed ionosphere are considered as possible phenomena responsible for the data failures.     

Point defects and diffusion in NiO

A defect model for NiO is developed and is fit to the electrical-conductivity data [26], the deviation-from-stoichiometry data [7], and the cation-self-diffusion data [14, 17]. This model involves neutral, singly charged, and doubly charged nickel vacancies and charge-compensating electron holes. Both singly and doubly charged cation vacancies are required to explain the data; neutral cation vacancies (if present) are not required by the present data. However, the jump frequencies of the two types of charged cation vacancies are generally not equal; the doubly charged cation vacancy moves with the smaller activation enthalpy. The defect data are quantitatively consistent with the chemical-diffusion data [26] and with a correlation factor?v = 0.75.     

伏安法测电阻的方法研究

研究了初中伏安法测电阻的电路选择方法和数据处理方法,完善了电路选择方法,拓展和规范了现行教科书的数据处理方法;依据标配电表和待测电阻参量给出了运用电路选择方法的可行结果,结合实测数据给出了运用数据处理方法的合理结果,提出了相应的教学建议.     

干涉光谱数据处理技术研究进展

干涉光谱成像技术是一类同时具有成像、光谱测量功能的新型信息获取技术,由于干涉光谱成像仪获取的数据是目标的干涉数据,是一种中间数据,不能为用户直接所用,必须通过数据处理技术进行处理才能得到高质量的光谱数据,最终为用户所用.文章将干涉光谱数据处理技术分为通用型和专用型两大类,首先介绍了通用型干涉光谱数据处理技术的发展历程,然后针对干涉光谱成像技术的分类,介绍了不同类型干涉光谱数据的提取方式,对近些年来国内外专用型干涉光谱数据处理技术的发展进行了分析介绍.最后,对干涉光谱数据处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Murrell-Sorbie势能参数与双原子分子光谱数据的关系研究

研究了Murrell-Sorbie势能参数与双原子分子光谱数据的关系.根据光谱数据编程计算了卤化氢分子的力常数和Murrell-Sorbie势能参数.反过来,运用ab initio和非线性最小二乘法拟合出了HF分子的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数和势能参数;并由此计算了HF分子的光谱数据,与实验光谱数据符合较好.这对难以获得实验光谱数据的双原子分子和离子的动力学研究有一定的参考价值.     

Research progress in Asia on methods of processing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has attracted much attention in terms of both scientific research and industrial application. An important branch of LIBS research in Asia, the development of data processing methods for LIBS, is reviewed. First, the basic principle of LIBS and the characteristics of spectral data are briefly introduced. Next, two aspects of research on and problems with data processing methods are described: i) the basic principles of data preprocessing methods are elaborated in detail on the basis of the characteristics of spectral data; ii) the performance of data analysis methods in qualitative and quantitative analysis of LIBS is described. Finally, a direction for future development of data processing methods for LIBS is also proposed.     

QCD analysis of experimental polarized deep-inelastic-scattering data

A detailed review of the current state of investigations into polarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is presented. Special attention is given to the methods of the QCD analysis of experimental data on these processes and to the methods of extrapolation of polarized structure functions and polarized quark distributions in the regions inaccessible to current experiments. In the case of pure inclusive processes, the QCD analysis of all worldwide data, including the latest COMPASS data, is presented in detail. Special attention is given to such important components of the nucleon-spin problem as the polarized strangeness and polarized gluon distribution. The features of SIDIS processes are considered; in particular, the role of fragmentation functions in the analysis of the semi-inclusive data is discussed. The methods of extracting the fragmentation functions from experimental data are considered in detail, and the corresponding results are presented. The results of analysis of the existing semi-inclusive polarized data both in the QCD leading order and in the next-to-leading order are considered. Special attention is given to non-standard, so-called difference asymmetries, which make it possible to minimize the dependence of results of analysis on the fragmentation functions. The current methods of QCD analysis of semi-inclusive polarized data are critically reviewed. An alternative method of QCD analysis of semi-inclusive data is presented for next-to-leading order QCD. Advantages of the method in practical applications are illustrated by the example of analysis of the HERMES data.     

Accomplishment and challenge of materials database toward big data

The history and current status of materials data activities from handbook to database are reviewed, with introduction to some important products. Through an example of prediction of interfacial thermal resistance based on data and data science methods, we show the advantages and potential of material informatics to study material issues which are too complicated or time consuming for conventional theoretical and experimental methods. Materials big data is the fundamental of material informatics. The challenges and strategy to construct materials big data are discussed, and some solutions are proposed as the results of our experiences to construct National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) materials databases.     

质子与~(52)Cr反应数据理论计算与分析

在质子与48Ti,51V和52Cr反应的去弹截面、弹性散射角分布实验数据的基础上,获得了一组入射质子能量在150 MeV以下的质子与52Cr反应的光学势参数。应用光学模型、扭曲波玻恩近似理论、核内级联模型、蒸发模型、带宽度涨落修正的Hauser-Feshbach理论以及激子模型(含改进的Iwamoto–Harada模型)计算得到了质子与52Cr反应的所有截面、角分布、能谱和双微分截面。对理论计算结果与实验数据以及TENDL中的数据进行了比较分析,结果显示,理论计算结果与实验数据符合较好,且反应道截面优于TENDL的结果。     

基于DSM501传感器的大气颗粒物浓度监测装置参数整定

研制的大气颗粒物浓度监测装置在使用前须依照标准数据进行参数整定。在介绍大气颗粒物浓度监测装置检测原理的基础上,结合环境监测总站公布的武汉青山地区PM10、PM2.5浓度数据,开展监测装置输出观测数据采集实验和参数整定研究。首先,使用格拉布斯准则对观测数据进行筛选;其次,匹配观测数据与实际数据,利用皮尔逊积矩相关系数分析数据之间的线性关联度;最后利用最小二乘法求解用于拟合的线性回归方程系数。应用结果证明了所述理论方法、整定过程的有效性和可行性。     

Atomic refinement with correlated solid-state NMR restraints

The orientation data provided by solid-state NMR can provide a great deal of structural information about membrane proteins. The quality of the information provided is, however, somewhat degraded by sign degeneracies in measurements of the dipolar coupling tensor. This is reflected in the dipolar coupling penalty function used in atomic refinement, which is less capable of properly restraining atoms when dipolar sign degeneracies are present. In this report we generate simulated solid-state NMR data using a variety of procedures, including back-calculation from crystal structures of alpha-helical and beta-sheet membrane proteins. We demonstrate that a large fraction of the dipolar sign degeneracies are resolved if anisotropic dipolar coupling measurements are correlated with anisotropic chemical shift measurements, and that all sign degeneracies can be resolved if three data types are correlated. The advantages of correlating data are demonstrated with atomic refinement of two test membrane proteins. When refinement is performed using correlated dipolar couplings and chemical shifts, perturbed structures converge to conformations with a larger fraction of correct dipolar signs than when data are uncorrelated. In addition, the final structures are closer to the original unperturbed structures when correlated data are used in the refinement. Thus, refinement with correlated data leads to improved atomic structures. The software used to correlate dipolar coupling and chemical shift data and to set up energy functions and their derivatives for refinement, CNS-SS02, is available at our web site.     

Phase modulated gray-scale data pages for digital holographic data storage

We propose a method for gray level holographic digital data storage by using three-gray levels in the phase mode. Gray level data pages are displayed on a SLM operating in the phase mode to obtain a homogenized Fourier spectrum by suppressing the extremely high intensity DC component in the Fourier spectrum of conventional amplitude based binary/gray level data pages. Holographic interferometry has been used to recover the gray level amplitude data page from phase data page. Numerical simulation results are presented for three-gray level data pages. Fourier plane homogeneity, bit-error-rate, storage density, phase modulation error of the SLM, and misalignment tolerances are investigated through computer modeling. A comparison of the present method with the amplitude-modulated gray level case with and without using a phase mask in conjunction with the data page is carried out. An experimental demonstration of the proposed three-gray level phase data page method is also presented.