多自由度柔性结构非线性随机振动响应分析方法

随机等效线性化方法是多自由度结构非线性随机振动分析的有效方法,然而柔性结构隐式的系统方程限制了该方法的应用.本文首先提出了把多自由度柔性结构隐式系统方程显式化的等效非线性系统建立方法,该方法结合模态分析,将系统几何非线性作用等效为模态坐标的高次多项式组合,把多自由度物理系统转化为容易求解的模态系统;在此基础上运用随机等效线性化技术建立柔性结构非线性随机振动响应分析方法.该方法通过引入虚拟激励原理,大幅提高了计算效率,使对多自由柔性结构的非线性随机振动响应分析成为可能.通过算例分析,本文分析结果和精确解与数值模拟解的比较结果表明,本文方法具有较好的计算精度和较高的计算效率,能够应用于实际柔性工程结构的随机振动响应分析.     

Effect of damping and wave parameters on offshore structure under random excitation

This paper describes the linearized and nonlinear dynamic response of a tension leg platform (TLP) to random waves and current forces. The forcing term of the equation of motion is inherently nonlinear due to the nonlinear drag force. Two analysis procedures are used: nonlinear time domain analysis and linear frequency domain analysis. For the nonlinear analysis, the random wave particle velocities and accelerations are simulated for a given wave spectrum. The nonlinear equation of motion is then integrated directly to obtain the system response statistics. For the linear frequency domain analysis, the nonlinear drag force is linearized through an introduction of linearization coefficients. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of the structural damping and wave parameters on both nonlinear and linear dynamic response of the TLP by parametric studies. The results of stochastic nonlinear and linear dynamic response of the TLP, with and without the presence of current, are presented and compared.     

A criterion for the stability of motion of nonlinear system

As to an autonomous nonlinear system, the stability of the equilibrium state in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the equilibrium state can be determined by eigenvalues of the linear part of the nonlinear system provided that the eigenvalues are not in a critical case. Many methods may be used to detect the stability for a linear system. A lot of researches for determining the stability of a nonlinear system are completed by mathematicians and mechanicians but most of them are methods for the special forms of nonlinear systems. Till now, none of these methods can be conveniently applied to all nonlinear systems. The method introduced by this paper gives the necessary and sufficient conditions of the stability of a nonlinear system. The familiar Krasovski's method is a special case of this method.     

Analytical procedure for determining the linear and nonlinear effective properties of the elastic composite cylinder

In this work we consider a cylindrical structure composed of a nonlinear core (inhomogeneity) surrounded by a different nonlinear shell (matrix). We elaborate a technique for determining its linear elastic moduli (second order elastic constants) and the nonlinear elastic moduli, which are called Landau coefficients (third order elastic constants). Firstly, we develop a nonlinear perturbation method which is able to turn the initial nonlinear elastic problem into a couple of linear problems. Then, we prove that only the solution of the first linear problem is necessary to calculate the linear and nonlinear effective properties of the heterogeneous structure. The following step consists in the exact solution of such a linear problem by means of the complex elastic potentials. As result we obtain the exact closed forms for the linear and nonlinear effective elastic moduli, which are valid for any volume fraction of the core embedded in the external shell.     

单层平面索网幕墙结构的几何非线性问题研究

单层平面索网支承式玻璃幕墙结构是近年来在国内外应用较为广泛的一种新型幕墙结构形式,由于单层平面索网不具有负高斯曲面形式,结构在平面外方向的刚度偏柔,表现出较明显的几何非线性特征.本文采用连续化方法建立了单层平面索网结构考虑几何非线性影响的静力平衡方程和振动方程,得到了结构刚度的解析表达式,并采用谐波平衡法求得非线性频率的简化解析表达式,以此为基础研究了单层平面索网结构的静力非线性和动力非线性问题.研究结果表明:结构的非线性和结构的初始位置密切相关;结构的非线性频率主要取决于索的初始应变、结构振动幅值与跨度的比值,几何非线性对于结构动力性能的影响要小于对结构静力性能的影响;本文得到的结构在地震荷载和平均风荷载作用下的非线性振动方程和非线性频率为结构在地震荷载和脉动风荷载作用下动力响应的求解奠定了基础.     

A nonlinear model of vortex-induced forces on an oscillating cylinder in a fluid flow

A nonlinear model relating the imposed motion of a circular cylinder, submerged in a fluid flow, to the transverse force coefficient is presented. The nonlinear fluid system, featuring vortex shedding patterns, limit cycle oscillations and synchronisation, is studied both for swept sine and multisine excitation. A nonparametric nonlinear distortion analysis (FAST) is used to distinguish odd from even nonlinear behaviour. The information which is obtained from the nonlinear analysis is explicitly used in constructing a nonlinear model of the polynomial nonlinear state-space (PNLSS) type. The latter results in a reduction of the number of parameters and an increased accuracy compared to the generic modelling approach where typically no such information of the nonlinearity is used. The obtained model is able to accurately simulate time series of the transverse force coefficient over a wide range of the frequency–amplitude plane of imposed cylinder motion.     

非线性压电效应下压电弯曲执行器的弯曲

研究压电弯曲执行器在强电场作用下的非线性弯曲行为。考虑电致伸缩和电致弹性的非线性压电效应,导出了压电悬臂执行器自由端挠度或激励力和作用电场之间的非线性关系。结果表明,考虑非线性压电效应在很大的电场范围内都与实验结果吻合得很好,而线性压电效应只适合于低电场的情况。     

Scattering of Nondispersive Waves at Nonlinear Joints in One-Dimensional Structures*

ABSTRACT

Reflection and transmission of nondispersive waves at a nonlinear joint between two elastic rods is considered. Equations that govern the reflected and transmitted waves are derived. These equations can be applied to joints which include nonlinear springs, nonlinear damping, nonlinear friction, and other types of nonlinearity. Analytic and numerical solutions of these equations are given for a joint that contains weakly nonlinear springs. Good agreement is obtained between the analytic and numerical solutions.     

Experimental identification of hardening and softening nonlinearity in circular laminated plates

This work investigates nonlinear characteristics of a circular laminated plate. A nonparametric identification method based on the Hilbert transform is applied to identify the nonlinear system. The results demonstrate that the force–displacement curve has a soft nonlinear characteristic under small displacements and a hard nonlinear characteristic under large displacements. The force–velocity curve also has a soft nonlinear characteristic. A circular isotropic plate is treated to test the method. The force-state method is adopted to confirm the identification results. The effects of the plate diameter are examined. A combination of a cubic polynomial and a hyperbolic tangent function is proposed to fit the experiment data. The fitting results are verified by time domain simulations under random excitations. The work illustrates some novel nonlinear characteristics in transverse vibration of a circular laminated plate via a nonlinear system identification process.     

非线性材料杆系结构的内力求解

随着科技的发展,已研发出了许多非线性材料,这些非线性材料组成的结构已在工程实际中得到了广泛应用.本文研究了静不定非线性材料结构杆件内力的求解这一关键问题.利用非线性材料结构余能及静力平衡条件,构造了新泛函数,对新泛函数进行一阶求导,即可方便求得静不定非线性材料结构杆件的内力.同时,指出了非线性材料杆系结构的内力求解时存在漏解的原因:结构材料的应力与应变本构关系为非线性幂函数,把结构余能对杆系的内力求一阶偏导,令所得到的位移方程等于零,该方程为一元二次方程,应有两个实数解,而有关文献却遗漏了一个实数解.     

Suppression of vibrations in strongly nonhomogeneous 2DOF systems

In this work we analyze the effects of an optimal linear control for nonlinear systems under the vibrations of a strongly nonhomogeneous nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom system with single anchor spring under condition of initial impact. We compare the results with those obtained for (a) when using only a passive broadband boundary controller which, in essence, corresponds to a one-way passive and almost irreversible energy flow from a heavy or main system to a nonlinear energy sink (NES), and (b) when using the nonlinear energy sink in combination with the optimal linear control for nonlinear system.     

结构力学分析方法在南海水平井钻进预测中的应用

本文探讨了结构力学分析方法-非线性有限元性在预测水平井钻进中的工程应用,在钻探水平井尤其是大位移水平井中,事先较准确地预测出钻柱的钻进扭矩及钻头前进的方向,是取得水平井成功的关键条件之一。利用非线性有限元理论,着重分析了水平井实际钻进中的钻柱大变形非线性及钻柱与井壁的接触非线性问题,并导出了一套非线性有限元钻柱力学模式,在此基础上编制了一套非线性力学计算程序软件,并在海洋石油南海西部石油公司一个钻井平台水平井钻井进行了五口井的实际验证,获得了一些有启迪性的结论。     

Parametric characteristic of the random vibration response of nonlinear systems

Volterra series is a powerful mathematical tool for nonlinear system analysis,and there is a wide range of nonlinear engineering systems and structures that can be represented by a Volterra series model.In the present study,the random vibration of nonlinear systems is investigated using Volterra series.Analytical expressions were derived for the calculation of the output power spectral density(PSD) and input-output cross-PSD for nonlinear systems subjected to Gaussian excitation.Based on these expressions,it was revealed that both the output PSD and the input-output crossPSD can be expressed as polynomial functions of the nonlinear characteristic parameters or the input intensity.Numerical studies were carried out to verify the theoretical analysis result and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived relationship.The results reached in this study are of significance to the analysis and design of the nonlinear engineering systems and structures which can be represented by a Volterra series model.     

A Volterra Series Approach to the Approximation of Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamics

A response approximation method for stochastically excited, nonlinear, dynamic systems is presented. Herein, the output of the nonlinear system isapproximated by a finite-order Volterra series. The original nonlinear system is replaced by a bilinear system in order to determine the kernels of this series. The parameters of the bilinear system are determined by minimizing, in a statistical sense,the difference between the original system and the bilinear system. Application to a piecewise linear modelof a beam with a nonlinear one-sided supportillustrates the effectiveness of this approach in approximatingtruly nonlinear, stochastic response phenomena in both the statistical momentsand the power spectral density of the response of this system in case ofa white noise excitation.     

Seismic passive pressures of earth structures by nonlinear optimization

Conventional seismic passive pressures of earth structures are based on a linear failure criterion in earthquake zones. However, experimental evidence shows that the strength envelopes are nonlinear over a wide range of normal stresses. In this paper, the analytical expressions of seismic passive pressures acting on inclined rigid walls are derived with nonlinear failure criterion. Quasi-static representation of earthquake effects using a seismic coefficient is adopted for seismic estimations. Instead of using the nonlinear criterion, a linear failure criterion, which is tangential to the nonlinear criterion, is used to formulate the seismic passive pressure problems as nonlinear programming problems. Analytical results are presented and compared with the previously published solutions using numerical technique. The influences of the parameters in the nonlinear failure criterion on seismic pressures and failure mechanisms are discussed.     

Nonlinear free vibration of nanotube with small scale effects embedded in viscous matrix

In this paper, the nonlinear free vibration of the nanotube with damping effects is studied. Based on the nonlocal elastic theory and Hamilton principle, the governing equation of the nonlinear free vibration for the nanotube is obtained. The Galerkin method is employed to reduce the nonlinear equation with the integral and partial differential characteristics into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Then the relation is solved by the multiple scale method and the approximate analytical solution is derived. The nonlinear vibration behaviors are discussed with the effects of damping, elastic matrix stiffness, small scales and initial displacements. From the results, it can be observed that the nonlinear vibration can be reduced by the matrix damping. The elastic matrix stiffness has significant influences on the nonlinear vibration properties. The nonlinear behaviors can be changed by the small scale effects, especially for the structure with large initial displacement.     

Effect of Lateral Linear Stiffness on Nonlinear Characteristics of Hunting Motion of a Railway Wheelset

Railway wheelset experiences the problem of hunting above a critical speed, which is a kind of self-excited oscillation. At the critical speed, it is known that the system undergoes a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Therefore, for clarifying the nonlinear characteristics of hunting it is very important to detect, for example, the nonlinear forces in the wheelset due to the creep forces acting between the wheels and rails, and the nonlinear component of the resorting forces by the suspensions. However, it is impossible to determine each force quantitatively. In the present paper, it is first shown, by using the center manifold theory and the method of normal form, that the nonlinear characteristics of the bifurcation in a wheelset model with two degrees of freedom are governed by a single parameter, hence each nonlinear force need not be detected when examining the nonlinear characteristics. Also, a method of determining the governing parameter from experimentally observed radiuses of the unstable limit cycle is proposed. Next, we experimentally investigate the variation of the parameter due to the presence of linear spring suspensions in the lateral direction and discuss the variation of the nonlinear characteristics of the hunting motion, which depends on the lateral stiffness. As a result, the improvement of the stability of the wheelset against the disturbance by the linear spring suspensions is clarified.     

Nonlinear Acoustic Interaction of Contact Interfaces

Nonlinear acoustic interactions at contact interfaces can be used to characterize defects or imperfect bonds at these interfaces. Most methods used to characterize nonlinear interactions consider only a portion of the nonlinear signature, such as nonlinearities caused by high-order harmonics or sidebands. We describe a signal processing algorithm that can extract three nonlinear indicators related to amplitude attenuation, phase shift, and harmonics. Two aluminum blocks were mounted together to form a contact interface and subjected to normal compressive loading. Experiments were conducted to investigate the nonlinear interactions between the ultrasonic waves and interfaces, with a focus on the influence of excitation levels, applied pressure, and surface roughness. The ultrasonic signals were then processed using the nonlinear feature extraction algorithm. We show that the nonlinear indicators can characterize the contact condition of interfaces, and that their sensitivities to pressure differ for interfaces of different roughness and over different pressure ranges.     

A method of finding the principal modes of nonlinear vibration systems and their stabilities

This paper presents a new method of finding the principal modes of nonlinear vibration systems, by means of which the problem of finding principal modes of nonlinear systems is transferred to the problem of finding real roots of a set of algebraic equations. The method is applicable to various kinds of nonlinear vibration systems with many degrees of freedom, and is simple in calculation. The paper presents another new method of analyzing the stabilities of principal modes of nonlinear systems.     

On the reduction of some second-order nonlinear ODEs in physics and mechanics to first-order nonlinear integrodifferential and Abel’s classes of equations

Second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with strong nonlinear stiffness terms (cubic nonlinearities) governing wave motions, dynamic crack propagations, nonlinear oscillations etc. in physics and nonlinear mechanics are analyzed. Selecting as guide line a second-order nonlinear ODE of the form of the forced Duffing equation and using admissible functional transformations it is possible to reduce it to an equivalent first-order nonlinear integrodifferential equation. The reduced equation is exact. In the limits of small or large values of the parameter characterizing this nonlinear problem, it is shown that further reductions lead to a nonlinear ODE of the Abel classes. Taking into account the known exact analytic solutions of this equivalent equation it is proved that there does not exist an exact analytic solution of this type of equations. However, in cases when convenient functional relations connecting all parameters of the corresponding null equation and the characteristics of the driving force exist, approximate analytic solutions to the problem under consideration are provided.