基于PCAU-Net的快速多通道磁共振成像方法

多通道磁共振成像方法采用多个接收线圈同时欠采样k空间以加快成像速度,并基于后处理算法重建图像,但在较高加速因子时,其图像重建质量仍然较差．本文提出了一种基于PCAU-Net的快速多通道磁共振成像方法,将单通道实数U型卷积神经网络拓展到多通道复数卷积神经网络,设计了一种结构不对称的U型网络结构,通过在解码部分减小网络规模以降低模型的复杂度．PCAU-Net网络在跳跃连接前增加了1×1卷积,以实现跨通道信息交互．输入和输出之间利用残差连接为误差的反向传播提供捷径．实验结果表明,使用规则和随机采样模板,在不同加速因子时,相比常规的GRAPPA重建算法和SPIRiT重建方法,本文提出的PCAU-Net方法可高质量重建出磁共振复数图像,并且相比于PCU-Net方法,PCAU-Net减少了模型参数、缩短了训练时间．     

基于级联卷积神经网络的前列腺磁共振图像分类

针对深度学习训练成本高,以及基于磁共振图像的前列腺癌临床诊断需要大量医学常识且极为耗时的问题,本文提出了一种基于级联卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）和磁共振图像的前列腺癌（Prostate Cancer,PCa）自动分类诊断方法,该网络以Faster-RCNN作为前网络,对前列腺区域进行提取分割,用于排除前列腺附近组织器官的干扰;以基于ResNet改进的网络结构CNN40_bottleneck作为后网络,用于对前列腺区域病变进行分类.后网络由瓶颈结构串联组成,其中使用批量标准化（Batch Normalization,BN）、全局平均池化（Global Average Pooling,GAP）进行优化.实验结果证明,本文方法对前列腺癌诊断结果较好,而且缩减了训练时间和参数量,有效降低了训练成本.     

基于深度神经网络的时空编码磁共振成像超分辨率重建方法

单扫描时空编码磁共振成像是一种新型超快速磁共振成像技术,它对磁场不均匀和化学位移伪影有较强的抵抗性,但是其固有的空间分辨率较低,因此通常需要进行超分辨率重建,以在不增加采样点数的情况下提高时空编码磁共振图像的空间分辨率.然而,现有的重建方法存在迭代求解时间长、重建结果有混叠伪影残留等问题.为此,本文提出了一种基于深度神经网络的单扫描时空编码磁共振成像超分辨率重建方法.该方法采用模拟样本训练深度神经网络,再利用训练好的网络模型对实际采样信号进行重建.数值模拟、水模和活体鼠脑的实验结果表明,该方法能快速重建出无残留混叠伪影、纹理信息清楚的超分辨率时空编码磁共振图像.适当增加训练样本数量以及在训练样本中加入适当的随机噪声水平,有助于改善重建效果.     

基于卷积神经网络和高光谱成像技术的多宝鱼新鲜度鉴别

鱼类产品新鲜度鉴别一直是重要的研究课题,相较于目前常规鱼类品质检测方法存在的成本高、检测时间长等问题,高光谱成像技术(HSI)因其无损、快速等优势得到了学者的广泛研究。卷积神经网络是深度学习中应用较为广泛的模型,表达能力强,模型效率高。因此,使用卷积神经网络(CNN)结合高光谱成像技术建立多宝鱼新鲜度鉴别模型。采集160个多宝鱼样本感兴趣区域(ROI)光谱,并根据样本不同冻融次数和冷冻时间分为5类新鲜度。以VGG11网络为基础,针对光谱数据特点对网络结构进行调整,减少全连接层数量,降低模型的复杂度,分别对比不同卷积核个数、激活函数对分类性能造成的影响,确定最佳CNN网络结构。由于高光谱数据量大同时存在的冗余信息较多,分别采用无信息变量消除算法(UVE)和随机青蛙算法(RF)对高光谱数据进行波长筛选,将波长筛选后的高光谱数据分别输入卷积神经网络(CNN)、最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)、 K最近邻算法(KNN)建立模型。采用无信息变量消除(UVE)提取的165个特征波长建立的UVE-CNN模型鉴别效果最佳,分类模型在测试集上的精度达到了100%。结果表明,利用卷积神经网络与高光谱成像...     

基于支撑先验与深度图像先验的无预训练磁共振图像重建方法

基于深度学习的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)方法需要大规模、高质量的病患数据样本集进行预训练.然而,由于病患隐私及设备等因素限制,获取大规模、高质量的磁共振数据集在实际临床应用中面临挑战.本文提出一种新的基于深度学习的欠采样磁共振图像重建方法,该方法无需预训练、不依赖训练数据集,而是充分利用待重建的目标MR图像的结构先验和支撑先验,并将其引入深度图像先验(deep image prior, DIP)框架,从而削减对训练数据集的依赖,提升学习效率.基于参考图像与目标图像的相似性,采用高分辨率参考图像作为深度网络输入,将结构先验信息引入网络;将参考图像在小波域中幅值大的系数索引集作为目标图像的已知支撑集,构造正则化约束项,将网络训练转化为网络参数的最优化求解过程.实验结果表明,本文方法可由欠采样k空间数据重建得到更精确的磁共振图像,且在保留组织特征、细节纹理方面具有明显优势.     

基于卷积神经网络的红外与可见光户外图像融合

针对户外环境下红外与可见光图像融合效果不足的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的红外与可见光户外图像融合方法。该方法先利用滚动引导滤波器对输入的红外图像进行预处理,过滤噪声并消除无用信息。然后,利用Curvelet变换将红外图像与可见光图像分解成高频系数与低频系数,利用基于卷积神经网络的深度特征融合规则融合高频系数,采用最小融合规则融合低频系数。实验结果表明,该方法的融合图像在主观视觉与客观定量两方面均获得了较好的结果。     

基于深度视觉传感器和卷积神经网络的跌倒检测算法

为提高传统跌倒检测系统的识别准确率,降低识别时间,提出了一种新型跌倒检测模型。以Kinect V2深度视觉传感器获取的骨骼节点为样本数据源,由改进型K-means算法计算聚类中心点,并在此基础上提取跌倒检测特征数据。将特征数据重构成5×5训练样本数据后,输入所设计的卷积神经网络模型进行训练学习,得到优化的跌倒检测模型参数。实验表明,所设计的新型检测模型相对于传统检测跌倒算法具有更高的识别准确率和更快的运算速度,保证了系统的实时性和鲁棒性要求。     

基于卷积神经网络的焊缝缺陷图像分类研究

为有效地对焊缝缺陷进行分类,从而判断焊接质量的等级,对传统卷积神经网络进行改进,提出一种多尺度压缩激励网络模型（SINet）。将4组两两串联的3×3卷积模块与Inception模块、压缩激励模块（SE block）相结合。通过多尺度压缩激励模块（SI module）将卷积层中的特征进行多尺度融合和特征重标定以提高分类准确率,并用全局平均池化层代替全连接层减少模型参数。此外考虑到焊接缺陷数量不平衡对准确率的影响,采用深度卷积对抗生成网络（DCGAN）进行数据集的平衡处理,并在该数据集上验证模型的有效性。与传统卷积神经网络相比,该模型具有良好的性能,在测试集上准确率达到96.77%,同时模型的参数个数也明显减少。结果表明该方法对焊缝缺陷图像能进行有效地分类。     

Using Convolutional Neural Network and a Single Heartbeat for ECG Biometric Recognition

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has become a popular biometric modality due to characteristics that make it suitable for developing reliable authentication systems. However, the long segment of signal required for recognition is still one of the limitations of existing ECG biometric recognition methods and affects its acceptability as a biometric modality. This paper investigates how a short segment of an ECG signal can be effectively used for biometric recognition, using deep-learning techniques. A small convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed to achieve better generalization capability by entropy enhancement of a short segment of a heartbeat signal. Additionally, it investigates how various blind and feature-dependent segments with different lengths affect the performance of the recognition system. Experiments were carried out on two databases for performance evaluation that included single and multisession records. In addition, a comparison was made between the performance of the proposed classifier and four well-known CNN models: GoogLeNet, ResNet, MobileNet and EfficientNet. Using a time–frequency domain representation of a short segment of an ECG signal around the R-peak, the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.90% for PTB, 98.20% for the ECG-ID mixed-session, and 94.18% for ECG-ID multisession datasets. Using the preprinted ResNet, we obtained 97.28% accuracy for 0.5-second segments around the R-peaks for ECG-ID multisession datasets, outperforming existing methods. It was found that the time–frequency domain representation of a short segment of an ECG signal can be feasible for biometric recognition by achieving better accuracy and acceptability of this modality.     

对称点模式-深度卷积神经网络的红外光谱识别方法

红外光谱分析在自然科学、工程技术等诸多领域发挥着重要作用.随着计算机和人工智能技术的不断发展,对红外/近红外光谱分析提出了更高的要求.深度学习以人工神经网络为架构,通过对数据进行分层特征提取完成特征/表征学习,在解析数据细节特征方面具有独特的优势,在计算机视觉、语音识别、疾病诊断等多领域得到成功应用.尽管深度学习在图像...     

CT and MRI Medical Image Fusion Using Noise-Removal and Contrast Enhancement Scheme with Convolutional Neural Network

Medical image fusion (MIF) has received painstaking attention due to its diverse medical applications in response to accurately diagnosing clinical images. Numerous MIF methods have been proposed to date, but the fused image suffers from poor contrast, non-uniform illumination, noise presence, and improper fusion strategies, resulting in an inadequate sparse representation of significant features. This paper proposes the morphological preprocessing method to address the non-uniform illumination and noise by the bottom-hat–top-hat strategy. Then, grey-principal component analysis (grey-PCA) is used to transform RGB images into gray images that can preserve detailed features. After that, the local shift-invariant shearlet transform (LSIST) method decomposes the images into the low-pass (LP) and high-pass (HP) sub-bands, efficiently restoring all significant characteristics in various scales and directions. The HP sub-bands are fed to two branches of the Siamese convolutional neural network (CNN) by process of feature detection, initial segmentation, and consistency verification to effectively capture smooth edges, and textures. While the LP sub-bands are fused by employing local energy fusion using the averaging and selection mode to restore the energy information. The proposed method is validated by subjective and objective quality assessments. The subjective evaluation is conducted by a user case study in which twelve field specialists verified the superiority of the proposed method based on precise details, image contrast, noise in the fused image, and no loss of information. The supremacy of the proposed method is further justified by obtaining 0.6836 to 0.8794, 0.5234 to 0.6710, and 3.8501 to 8.7937 gain for QFAB, CRR, and AG and noise reduction from 0.3397 to 0.1209 over other methods for objective parameters.     

基于虚拟线圈和卷积神经网络的多层同时激发图像重建

本文提出一种基于虚拟共轭线圈（Virtual Coil Concept,VCC）技术和k空间插值鲁棒人工神经网络（Robust Artificial-neural-networks for k-space Interpolation,RAKI）的图像重建方法,用于磁共振多层同时激发成像（Simultaneous Multi-Slice imaging,SMS）,该方法能够有效提升重建图像的质量,被命名为VIRGINIA（VIRtual conjuGate coIls Neural-networks InterpolAtion）.为了得到更高质量的SMS图像,本文提出的VIRGINIA方法利用磁共振线圈数据的复数共轭对称性质扩展了SMS所获取的多通道数据,并将扩展后的数据用于RAKI网络的训练,利用训练后的网络实现高质量的SMS图像重建.本文将VIRGINIA方法和其他SMS图像重建方法（RAKI和Slice-GRAPPA方法）进行了对比,并采用结构相似指数（Structural Similarity Index,SSIM）、峰值信噪比（Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio,PSNR）和均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）对不同方法的重建图像进行了量化对比分析.结果显示,在相同的SMS加速倍数下,使用VIRGINIA方法进行重建的图像质量均好于RAKI方法,且远好于传统Slice-GRAPPA方法.     

基于神经网络和小波变换的MRI图像去噪方法

过去10年中,小波变换在图像去噪中取得了很大的成功.人们提出了多种适用于小波去噪的阈值方法,而这些方法就是希望能够正确地反映有噪声小波系数与无噪声小波系数之间的映射关系.基于这种想法,我们提出一种在小波域中利用神经网络寻找这种映射关系的图像去噪新方法.我们把该方法应用于不同噪声分布的磁共振图像的去噪,取得了良好的效果.     

An Efficient Supervised Deep Hashing Method for Image Retrieval

In recent years, searching and retrieving relevant images from large databases has become an emerging challenge for the researcher. Hashing methods that mapped raw data into a short binary code have attracted increasing attention from the researcher. Most existing hashing approaches map samples to a binary vector via a single linear projection, which restricts the flexibility of those methods and leads to optimization problems. We introduce a CNN-based hashing method that uses multiple nonlinear projections to produce additional short-bit binary code to tackle this issue. Further, an end-to-end hashing system is accomplished using a convolutional neural network. Also, we design a loss function that aims to maintain the similarity between images and minimize the quantization error by providing a uniform distribution of the hash bits to illustrate the proposed technique’s effectiveness and significance. Extensive experiments conducted on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art deep hashing methods.     

DFTSA-Net: Deep Feature Transfer-Based Stacked Autoencoder Network for DME Diagnosis

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in diabetes patients. Early diagnosis of DME is necessary for effective treatment of the disease. Visual detection of DME in retinal screening images by ophthalmologists is a time-consuming process. Recently, many computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed to assist doctors by detecting DME automatically. In this paper, a new deep feature transfer-based stacked autoencoder neural network system is proposed for the automatic diagnosis of DME in fundus images. The proposed system integrates the power of pretrained convolutional neural networks as automatic feature extractors with the power of stacked autoencoders in feature selection and classification. Moreover, the system enables extracting a large set of features from a small input dataset using four standard pretrained deep networks: ResNet-50, SqueezeNet, Inception-v3, and GoogLeNet. The most informative features are then selected by a stacked autoencoder neural network. The stacked network is trained in a semi-supervised manner and is used for the classification of DME. It is found that the introduced system achieves a maximum classification accuracy of 96.8%, sensitivity of 97.5%, and specificity of 95.5%. The proposed system shows a superior performance over the original pretrained network classifiers and state-of-the-art findings.     

Automatic ECG Classification Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network

Early detection of arrhythmia and effective treatment can prevent deaths caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). In clinical practice, the diagnosis is made by checking the electrocardiogram (ECG) beat-by-beat, but this is usually time-consuming and laborious. In the paper, we propose an automatic ECG classification method based on Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CWT is used to decompose ECG signals to obtain different time-frequency components, and CNN is used to extract features from the 2D-scalogram composed of the above time-frequency components. Considering the surrounding R peak interval (also called RR interval) is also useful for the diagnosis of arrhythmia, four RR interval features are extracted and combined with the CNN features to input into a fully connected layer for ECG classification. By testing in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, our method achieves an overall performance of 70.75%, 67.47%, 68.76%, and 98.74% for positive predictive value, sensitivity, F1-score, and accuracy, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the overall F1-score of our method is increased by 4.75~16.85%. Because our method is simple and highly accurate, it can potentially be used as a clinical auxiliary diagnostic tool.     

Deep Matrix Factorization Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Inpainting

In this work, we formulate the image in-painting as a matrix completion problem. Traditional matrix completion methods are generally based on linear models, assuming that the matrix is low rank. When the original matrix is large scale and the observed elements are few, they will easily lead to over-fitting and their performance will also decrease significantly. Recently, researchers have tried to apply deep learning and nonlinear techniques to solve matrix completion. However, most of the existing deep learning-based methods restore each column or row of the matrix independently, which loses the global structure information of the matrix and therefore does not achieve the expected results in the image in-painting. In this paper, we propose a deep matrix factorization completion network (DMFCNet) for image in-painting by combining deep learning and a traditional matrix completion model. The main idea of DMFCNet is to map iterative updates of variables from a traditional matrix completion model into a fixed depth neural network. The potential relationships between observed matrix data are learned in a trainable end-to-end manner, which leads to a high-performance and easy-to-deploy nonlinear solution. Experimental results show that DMFCNet can provide higher matrix completion accuracy than the state-of-the-art matrix completion methods in a shorter running time.