衣康酸-天冬氨酸-苯乙烯磺酸钠三元共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以衣康酸(IA)、天冬氨酸(ASP)及苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法合成了IA-ASP-SSS三元共聚物,并对产物结构进行红外表征。探讨单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度、反应时间对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,通过正交实验和单因素实验确定最佳合成条件。采用静态阻垢法考察阻垢剂用量、钙离子浓度对阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,共聚单体的摩尔比(nASP∶nIA∶nSSS)为1∶1∶0.1、引发剂用量为单体总质量的9%、反应温度85℃且反应时间3h时,合成的IA-ASP-SSS共聚物对碳酸钙、磷酸钙及硫酸钙的阻垢率皆在95%以上,且此共聚物阻垢剂适用于高硬度水环境。     

苯乙烯-苯乙烯磺酸钠共聚物的制备及其流变性能

采用乳液聚合合成了一种可作为聚丙烯(PP)纤维可染改性添加剂的苯乙烯-苯乙烯磺酸钠共聚物P(St-co-NaSS)。通过傅里叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱仪(~1 H-NMR)对共聚物的苯乙烯磺酸钠结构单元进行了表征,研究了反应条件对共聚物磺化度的影响;通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TG)研究了磺酸基团的引入对共聚物的玻璃化转变温度和起始分解温度的影响;通过旋转流变仪研究了磺化度对共聚物剪切黏度的影响;初步探讨了PP/P(St-co-NaSS)共混体系的染色性能。结果表明:当反应时间为2h,反应温度为70℃,引发剂质量分数为0.6%,苯乙烯磺酸钠的摩尔分数为0.01时,共聚物的磺化度f=6.68%(零切黏度η0=19 620Pa·s,属牛顿流体);在10~(-2)~10~(-1) s~(-1)的剪切速率范围内,P(St-co-NaSS)表现出假塑性流体的特征,具有较好的加工流动性。对于PP/P(St-co-NaSS)共混体系,使用阳离子染料染色时,染色深度(K/S值)为2.603 2,使用分散染料染色时,K/S值为10.168 8。P(St-co-NaSS)适合作为聚丙烯纤维的可染改性添加剂。     

聚天冬氨酸与木质素磺酸钠复配物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

通过静态阻垢法研究了国产聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、木质素磺酸钠(SLS)添加量对碳酸钙的阻垢性能.结果表明:PASP在5.0mg/L时阻垢率接近100%,SLS达300mg/L以上时阻垢率趋于平缓,浓度为600mg/L时,其阻垢率仍不足70%.PASP与SLS复合配方及在不同影响因素条件下阻垢性能的研究表明:复合配方(PASP 2.0mg/L SLS 5.0mg/L)的阻垢率接近100%,且适用于高钙、高pH值、高温的水系统中,并可在水系统中长时间停留.     

衣康酸-天冬氨酸共聚物合成及其阻垢性能的研究

针对目前国内使用的阻垢剂存在难降解、易造成水体富营养化等问题,以衣康酸(IA)、天冬氨酸(ASP)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法合成了可生物降解的IA-ASP二元共聚物,并对产物结构进行红外表征。探讨单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度、反应时间对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,通过正交实验和单因素实验确定最佳合成条件。采用静态阻垢法考察阻垢剂用量、阻垢实验温度对阻碳酸钙垢性能的影响,并借助扫描电镜观察碳酸钙垢的晶体形貌,探讨其阻垢机理。结果表明:共聚单体的物质的量比(n_(IA)∶n_(ASP))为4∶1,引发剂用量为单体总质量的9%,反应温度85℃,反应时间2 h时,合成的IA-ASP共聚物对碳酸钙的阻垢率可达95%以上。IA-ASP共聚物作为阻垢剂适用于中低水温环境,其阻垢率随阻垢剂用量增加逐渐提高,最终趋于平缓。IA-ASP共聚物阻垢机理主要涉及螯合、分散作用及晶格畸变。     

两种聚天冬氨酸接枝共聚物的制备及其阻垢性能

以马来酸酐、尿素、二乙烯三胺、1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸等为原料,合成了聚天冬氨酸/二乙烯三胺(PASP/DETA)和聚天冬氨酸/1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸接枝共聚物(PASP/1,2,4);采用红外光谱仪分析了产物的化学结构,并测定了其对工业用水的阻垢性能.结果表明,PASP/DETA对Ca3(PO4)2具有很好的阻垢性能,PASP/1,2,4对CaCO3具有很好的阻垢性能;当二者按PASP/DETA浓度5mg/L、PASP/1,2,4浓度1.5mg/L复配使用时,对CaCO3的阻垢率可达95.4%,对Ca3(PO4)2的阻垢率可达95.2%.     

聚天冬氨酸-2-甲氧基苯氧基乙胺的合成及阻垢性能研究

环境友好型水处理剂是目前水处理剂研究的热点方向。以2-甲氧基苯氧基乙胺在水溶液中对聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)进行开环聚合制备了一种新型绿色高效的水处理剂聚天冬氨酸-2-甲氧基苯氧基乙胺聚合物(PASP-MPEA),利用红外光谱和核磁共振对其进行了表征。采用静态阻垢法评价了PASP-MPEA的阻垢性能。结果表明,该聚合物的阻垢性能较PASP显著提高,浓度为10 mg/L时,阻CaCO₃垢效率较PASP提高35%;4 mg/L时,阻CaSO₄垢效率接近100%。基于量子化学计算研究可知,其阻垢机理是该聚合物中富裕的电子给予体能与Ca²⁺络合,大大降低Ca²⁺与CO₃^2-和SO₄^2-等阴离子结合的几率,从而显示优异的阻垢性能。     

聚天冬氨酸/3,5-二氨基苯甲酸的合成及缓蚀阻垢性能

通过氨基开环的方法合成了聚天冬氨酸/3,5-二氨基苯甲酸接枝共聚物(PASP/3,5-DMBA),采用静态阻垢、动态腐蚀等方法考察了该共聚物的阻垢和缓蚀性能。结果表明,3,5-二氨基苯甲酸的引入可有效改善聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的阻垢与缓蚀性能,尤其在较低的浓度下对CaSO_4和Ca_3(PO_4)_2的阻垢性能有明显的提高。当PASP/3,5-DMBA药剂用量分别为1.25mg/L、6mg/L时,其对CaCO_3、CaSO_4的阻垢效率接近100%。当用量为18mg/L时,对Ca_3(PO_4)2的阻垢效率可达75%。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现,加入PASP/3,5-DMBA后钙垢晶体结构发生了畸变,呈分散开花状。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的实验研究

采用静态与动态实验方法,对聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能进行了实验研究．静态实验研究表明,在溶液低于60℃的情况下,聚天冬氨酸具有优良的阻垢性能,硬度为600mg／L的溶液添加3mg／L聚天冬氨酸,阻垢率即可超过90％．在800mg／L硬度的情况下,在溶液温度30℃时添加6mg／L聚天冬氨酸,在溶液温度60℃时添加12mg／L聚天冬氨酸,阻垢率均可达到90％以上．CaCO3晶体的扫描电子显微镜结果表明,加入阻垢剂使CaCO3由质地坚硬的柱状晶体转变为松软的不定型体,容易被水冲走而不是沉积在换热表面．动态实验研究表明,成垢溶液添加阻垢剂之后,污垢热阻明显减小,换热表面基本不结垢．     

聚天冬氨酸在制糖中的阻垢性能研究

制糖生产过程在加热器和蒸发罐中有大量的积垢生成,亚硫酸法制糖的积垢尤其严重[1].解决积垢问题成为制糖工业的迫切的课题[2].目前,国内外糖厂大多在使用阻垢剂来减缓蒸发罐的结垢,印度、危地马拉、阿根廷等国的一些糖厂使用一种名为"Busperse 49"的防垢剂,国内甜菜糖厂也逐渐应用添加阻垢剂的技术,如黑龙江省和平糖厂使用"8501"防垢剂,然而,这些阻垢剂价格较高,使用量较大,使用效果也有待提高[3].     

富勒烯-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸三元共聚物的合成及其摩擦学性能

纳米微球;富勒烯-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸三元共聚物的合成及其摩擦学性能     

Experimental study on scale inhibition performance of a green scale inhibitor polyaspartic acid

Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to validate scale inhibition performance of a green scale inhibitor-polyaspartic acid (PASP). From the static experiment, it was shown that below 60℃, polyaspartic acid is very effective in scale inhibition, with the scale inhibition ratio exceeding 90% with only 3 mg/L PASP for the 600 mg/L hardness solution. For a higher hardness solution of 800 mg/L, the scale inhibition ratio can also reach 90% with 6 and 12 mg/L PASP at 30 and 60℃respectively. The SEM photographs of CaCO3 crystals indicate that the crystal structure transforms from a compact stick-shape to a loose shape so that the scale can be washed away easily instead of being deposited on the heat transfer surface. The dynamic experimental results show that almost no scales formed on the heat trans- fer surface and the fouling thermal resistance decreases extraordinarily if PASP is added in the solution.     

Synthesis of polyaspartic acid-glycidyl adduct and evaluation of its scale inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition capacity for Q235 steel applications

In this work, the development of the eco-friendly comprehensive scale and corrosion inhibitor based on green polyaspartic acid (PASP) was presented. In this view, PASPG was prepared by a ring-opening graft modification reaction of polysuccinimide (PSI) with glycidyl. In addition, the molecular structure and the thermal stability of PASPG were characterized by using three different methods (FTIR, ¹H NMR, and TGA). PASPG’s scale inhibition efficiency and corrosion inhibition efficiency were also evaluated, respectively. More concretely, the scale inhibition efficiency of PASPG achieved 94.6 % and 95.1 % for CaCO₃ and CaSO₄, respectively. With the aid of the FTIR and SEM measurement techniques, it was found that PASPG could induce the irregular growth of the CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ morphology and destroy the formation of crystals. On the other hand, the higher corrosion efficiency of 85.17 % was achieved by PASPG in comparison with PASP (72.53 %). PASPG is a mixed inhibitor and the adsorption of PASPG on the Q235 steel surface followed the Langmuir mono-layer adsorption isotherm. The formation of a protective film on the surface of carbon steel was proved by PASPG’s adsorption, which increased the resistance to be eroded. Thus, the surface of carbon steel can be effectively protected. The present work provides a simple and effective pathway for the synthesis of high-efficiency green scale and corrosion inhibitor, by introducing a functional group into the PASP chains. The implementation of such type of chemical modification method may also be an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of other polymers green scale and corrosion inhibitors.     

Simple and sensitive method for spectrofluorimetric determination of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium

The interaction of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium (DBS) has been studied by fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence of DBS can be greatly enhanced by addition of PDDA, owing to the interaction between PDDA and DBS. The enhancement intensity of fluorescence was proportional to the concentration of DBS over the range 2.5x10(-7) to 9.6x10(-5)molL(-1). Its detection limit is 3.5x10(-7)molL(-1). The method has high sensitivity and selectivity and was applied to the determination of trace amounts of DBS in water samples with satisfactory result.     

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(itaconic acid) Grafted Gellan Gum

Poly(itaconic acid) was grafted on GG in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation using a catalytic amount of BPO. Grafted copolymers (GG-g-PIA) were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques. The influence of microwave power, exposure time, and composition of the reaction mixture on extent of grafting was studied. Conditions for obtaining the highest extent of grafting were optimized. The rate of grafting was determined from weight measurements. The overall activation energy for grafting is found to be to be 28.3 kJ/mol, indicating the possibility of occurrence of the grafting process with absorption of low thermal energy.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel functional poly(vinyl alcohol-co-styrene sulfonic acid) copolymers

This paper first time reports the preparation of random anionic copolymers from vinyl acetate (VAc) bearing electro-donating substituent and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (SSA) having electro-withdrawing substituent. Copolymers (PVA-co-SSA) of different composition have been successfully prepared by a simple free radical solution polymerization technique. Resulting final copolymer contained neutral hydrophilic as well as ionizable ion exchange sites. Evaluation of spectral data obtained from Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance helped in identifying and confirming the chemical structure of copolymers. Characterization of copolymers by gel permeation chromatography revealed high molecular weight with moderate polydispersity index. Analysis of thermal stability and glass transition temperature of copolymers by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were found in between corresponding homopolymers. Physicochemical properties of PVA-co-SSA can be beneficial for prospective advanced application in the niche area of smart membrane technology for energy and environment.     

Research on various factors influencing the moisture absorption property of sodium polyacrylate

Sodium polyacrylate was synthesized with acrylic acid as the monomer, and sodium bisulfate and ammonium persulfate as the initiator, by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors influencing the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, and reaction temperature were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicate that the moisture-absorbing property of this polymer was better than other traditional material, such as silica gel, and molecular sieve. The best reaction condition and formula are based on the orthogonal experiment design. The optimum moisture absorbency of sodium polyacrylate reaches 1.01 g/g. The mathematical correlation of this polymer with various factors and moisture absorbency is obtained based on the multiple regression analysis. The moisture content intuitive analysis table shows that neutralization degree has the most significant influence on moisture absorbency, followed by monomer concentration and reaction temperature, while other factors have less influence. Supported by the 863 Project (Grant No. 2005AA001650)     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠-硫酸耐而蓝体系的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

提出了共振瑞利散射法(RRS)测定十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的新方法。在pH为1.98～3.29的B-R缓冲溶液中,硫酸耐而蓝与SDBS结合生成离子缔合物,使溶液共振瑞利散射(RRS)增强,其最大散射峰位于760 nm,另在533 nm、400 nm有两个较弱的散射峰。SDBS的浓度在0.04～1.6 mg/L范围内,与RRS强度有良好的线性关系,对SDBS的检出限(3σ)达0.018 mg/L。研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,表明该方法灵敏、稳定。用于环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂含量的测定,回收率为95.9%～106.7%。     

Synthesis and characterization of pH‐sensitive PAMPS/PVP nanogels in aqueous media

A novel method for preparing poly (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) complex nanogels in PVP aqueous solution is discussed in this paper. The PAMPS/PVP complex nanogels were prepared via polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer in the presence of PVP nanoparticles which formed in water/acetone cosolvent in presence of N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker, N, N, N′, N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) as redox initiator system. The results of FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra indicated that the compositions of PAMPS/PVP are consistent with the designed structure. TEM micrographs proved that PAMPS/PVP nanogels possess the spherical morphology before and after swelling. These PAMPS/PVP nanogels exhibited pH‐induced phase transition due to protonation of PAMPS chains. The properties of PAMPS/PVP nanogels indicate that PAMPS/PVP nanogels can be developed into a pH‐controlled drug delivery system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.