在线同位素分离器激光离子源的元素选择性和激光技术

分析了目前在线同位素分离器改进的必要性和可能性.介绍了激光多步共振电离原理和激光离子源原理.具体分析了热毛细管式激光离子源元素选择性的产生及其影响的因素.描述了所使用的激光器和激光技术.对热毛细管式的激光离子源作了元素选择性实验,结果表明该离子源的元素选择性达到了50─10000.     

激光离子源的首次在线实验结果

介绍了在线同位素分离器使用激光离子源的重要性、激光离子源原理和相关激光技术,以及热毛细管激光离子源和靶室的结构.在首次在线实验中使用50MeV/u ¹⁸O+^natTa→¹⁶⁷Yb(T_1/2=17.5m)反应道,实现了加速器、分离器和激光系统的联合运行.通过测量分离后产物的γ谱,确定了分离后的¹⁶⁷Yb的产额,并与从产生截面、束流强度、收集时间和靶厚度计算得到的产生率相比,得到总分离效率约为0.2%.通过有激光与无激光条件下测量的γ谱中¹⁶⁷Yb与¹⁶⁷Lu相应峰下面积比值K得到元素选择性η为3.2.发现了新的¹⁶⁷Yb的长寿命高自旋的同质异能态,分析了提高效率的途径.     

在线同位素分离器中空阴极靶离子源

本文描述兰州中国科学院近代物理研究所的在线同位素分离器中空气阴极靶离子源的设计原理、结构和特性。对Ar和Xe的调试结果。分离器的分辨本领达到700-1200。满足高分辨的要求。     

提高在线同位素分离器分离效率的实验研究

描述了兰州在线同位素分离器的最新进展.利用FEBIAD离子源(受迫电子引起的弧放电源)开展了中、低能在线实验.在线同位素分离器的质量分辨本领达到500—700;Kr和Xe的离线分离总效率分别达到3.1%和4.5%;¹⁰⁴In,¹⁰⁴Ag,¹⁰⁴Gd的在线分离总效率达到1%—2%;Hg的在线分离总效率达到5%.成功地实现了对In,Ag,Gd,Hg,Rn,At等一系列元素的同位素分离.     

氦喷嘴激光离子源离线系统的实验结果

简要介绍了建立在清华大学的氦喷嘴激光离子源离线系统.并给出了在氦喷嘴出口处激光直接共振电离喷束中的钠原子的实验结果.此结果表明,在氦喷嘴出口处,用激光在束电离钠原子是可行的.由此出发可设计具有Z选择性、效率高、可测同位素寿命下限低又能适用于高温难熔元素的激光离子源.     

利用强流ISOL束研究~(20)Na的奇异衰变模式（英文）

北京放射性离子束装置(Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility,BRIF)是基于在线同位素分离器技术的国家大科学平台。在BRIF装置上利用100 MeV的质子束轰击较厚的反应靶产生放射性核素;反应产物经离子源电离和在线分离,在线同位素分离段可引出100～300 keV的放射性核束,质量分辨率达20 000。在基金委科学仪器基础研究专项的支持下,建成了多用途的衰变实验终端,包括束流传输管道、通用靶室、带电粒子和γ探测器、集成电子学和数据获取系统等。利用100 MeV的质子束轰击MgO厚靶产生了流强高达1×105pps的~(20)Na放射性核束。通过高效率地同时测量β,γ和α,第一次直接观测到~(20)Na非常稀有的β-γ-α衰变模式。     

对重丰中子核区合成新核素的思考

分析了Ａ＞１７０质量区丰中子核素的产生、分离和鉴别过程,总结了在这一质量区用较轻中能重离子炮弹打重靶产生新核素的优点．提出了在在线同位素分离器上使用带有优良元素选择性的激光离子源和多层靶加气体传输系统的改进措施． The production, and process of separation and identification of new neutron rich nuclei with mass number A>170 were analyzed. The advantages of producing new isotopes in this mass region by lighter heavy particles on heavy targets were summarized. It is put forward an improvement method that a laser ion source and multilayer target combining with gas jet transport method can be used on on line isotope separator.     

在线同位素分离装置的靶系统设计方法

产生放射性核束的在线同位素分离装置的靶系统设计是整个装置产生效率的关键环节.在ORNL的窄高斯分布的离子注入模型的基础上,研究了不同的靶的几何形状和尺寸、不同的温度条件、半衰期不同的放射性核素等对释放时间特性的影响,这对设计具有快速释放过程的靶系统,具有直接的实用价值.基于德国ZFK关于表面物理的实验测量数据,用MonteCarlo统计的方法来模拟放射性核素从靶材料表面到在线离子源的电离室的传输过程,对大量的放射性核素–传输管材料组合,和不同尺寸的传输管进行了统计计算,从这些统计计算中得到了可用于传输管工程设计的图表和经验公式.     

用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统

激光共振电离光谱技术是一种利用一路或多路激光将待测原子选择性共振激发与电离,通过测量离子信号来研究原子能级结构的光谱技术。研建了一套激光共振电离光谱装置,用于原子高激发态能级结构参数的测量。分别从该装置的总体结构、关键技术和应用实例等方面进行了详细介绍。该套装置主要包括高调谐精度的染料激光器系统、高效的激光离子源系统和高分辨率的飞行时间质量分析器。染料激光器系统包括3台多纵模可调谐染料激光器和1台单纵模可调谐染料激光器,均为脉冲工作方式,重复频率为10 kHz,泵浦源均为532 nm的Nd∶YAG固体激光器。激光离子源系统包括原子化源、激光与原子相互作用区和离子光学透镜组三部分组成,样品在原子化源中被电加热实现原子化,喷射出的原子被激光选择性激发、电离,产生的离子被离子传输透镜整形成能量分散小、束窄的离子束。飞行时间质量分析器采用了反射式结构设计、脉冲垂直推斥技术和偏转板调节技术。利用此装置,实验测定了U原子的自电离态光谱,获得了U原子一条较佳的三色三光子共振电离路径,对应激光的波长分别为591.7,565.0和632.4 nm。此系统还可用于测量同位素位移和原子超精细结构等参数。另外,由于此系统中联用了质量分析器,因此可用于样品多元素分析、痕量元素分析、同位素丰度分析。     

激光脉冲延时方案对原子多步共振光致电离的影响

针对宁西京教授提出激光脉冲延时方案,在含时薛定谔方程理论框架下探讨了各种参数对激光共振电离效率的影响;并以镥原子共振电离为例,探讨了该方案用于激光共振电离质谱(LRIMS)同位素分析的可行性.结果表明:由于超精细结构能级激励拉比频率很难满足匹配条件,该方案很难用于宽带激光激励电离LRIMS同位素分析中.在理论分析基础上,给出了基于窄带激光激励电离的LRIMS同位素分析的光致电离方案.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.