MgFe2O4纳米粉体的水热合成及其表征(英)

MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized at 150 ℃ using iron nitrate [Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O], magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as starting materials by carefully controlling the reaction conditions. The influences of several factors such as presence or absence of Na⁺, molar ratio of Fe³⁺ / Mg²⁺, concentration of mental ions, temperature and reaction time on resultant products were investigated in the hydrothermal process. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its magnetic properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).     

电镀烧结法制备Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4电极的研究

The Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₄ electrode has been prepared by the electroplate-sinter method. The effect of SbCl₃ adding amount and sintering temperature on its electrode lifetime and oxygen evolution potential were investigated by means of EDX, SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that the electrode appeared the best performance when the SbCl₃ adding amounts was 0.2g and the sintering temperature was 550℃. In optimized conditions Ti substrate was entirely covered by SnO₂-Sb₂O₄ and the combinations among them were tight. Due to the use of electroplate method, the electrical conductivity, the oxygen evolution potential and the electrode lifetime were increased, so the elec-tro-catalytic activity and the electrochemical stability of the prepared electrode were found to be superior.     

纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体的制备和研究

Nanosize manganese zinc ferrites were fabricated by hydrothermal precipitation route using Fe₂(SO₄)₃, ZnSO₄·7H₂O, MnSO₄·H₂O as material, then some calcinated at 500 ℃ and studied by XRD, TEM, IR and VSM. The results showed that the products were spinel crystal structure and uniformly sized nanoparticles (15～25 nm) with little aggregation. The analysis of IR showed that the superficial water can be eliminated, but that was embedded in crystal lattice can not be removed by calcinating. The effect Zn content x on the lattice (a) of nanosize Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ was also discussed. The lattice of nanosize Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ decreases with x increasing; and its value deviated the standard lattice (a₀) of normal size manganese zinc ferrites. A lot of water was absorbed during the hydrothermal process owing to the large surface of nanosize particles. The change of magnetic properties of Mn_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ with x increasing was studied: nanosize Mn_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ particles synthesized by us exhibited peculiar magnetic properties curve with Zn content (x) increasing, Superparamagnetic behaviors of the synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ samples were confirmed by magnetic characterization, which can be explained by the difference between the distribution of the metal ions (Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺) among the tetrahedral (A) and the octahedral (B) sites of nanosize ferrite and that of bulk ferrite.     

CuO/Sn0.8Ti0.2O2催化剂的表征及对NO+CO反应活性研究

Reducibility and characteristics of CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ catalysts were examined by using a microreactor-GC NO+CO reaction system, BET, TG-DTA, FTIR, XRD and H2-TPR techniques. CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ had high activity in NO+CO reaction, showing 93% NO conversion at 300 ℃ in air, and 100% NO conversion at 225 ℃ after H₂ pretreatment. The pore size distribution of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ was mainly as micro-pores and meso-pores (1~5 nm), and the specific surface area and total pore volume of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ were 69 m²·g^-1 and 0.15 cm³·g^-1, respectively. As shown by XRD analysis, there was no CuO crystal diffraction peak at 9%CuO loading, but two CuO crystal diffraction peaks at 2θ 35.5° and 38.7° were present at 12% CuO loading. FTIR detected the adsorption of NO and CO on the surface of reduced 12%CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂. The Cu²⁺ sites and support surface adsorbed NO, and the process of NO adsorption led to the formation of N₂O and NO₃^-. In contrast, the Cu⁺、Cu⁰ sites and support surface adsorbed CO, and when the mixed gases of NO and CO were adsorbed by support surface, no NO₃^- was formed. H₂-TPR showed four reduction peaks (α, β, γ and δ). The α, β and γ peaks were the reductions of CuO species, and the δ peak was the reduction of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂.     

Eu3+掺杂SiO2-B2O3-NaF玻璃的制备及发光性质

The Eu-doped SiO₂-B₂O₃-NaF glass was prepared by sol-gel process, using tetraethoxy Silicane, boric acid and sodium fluoride as starting materials, 0.10 mol·L^-1 EuCl₃ solution as the dopant. The luminescent properties of Eu³⁺ doped SiO₂-B₂O₃-NaF phosphors were investigated. The phosphors showed prominent luminescence in pink, the strong emission of Eu³⁺ comes from electronic transition of ⁵D₀- ⁷F₁（591 nm）and ⁵D₀- ⁷F₂（615 nm）,which derived from two transition modes of magnetic-dipole and electric-dipole .The peak intensity of 591nm in SiO₂-B₂O₃-NaF matrix is much stronger than it in the other matrixes, it means that SiO₂-B₂O₃-NaF has sensitization on the transition of ⁵D₀- ⁷F₁ (Eu³⁺). If there are broad bonds in the range of 275～380 nm in the excitation spectrum of Eu³⁺ -doped SiO₂-B₂O₃-NaF glass, the emission peak intensity should be intensified. It is because the electron migration CT band of O^2--Eu³⁺. For all Eu³⁺ concentrations used, the investigation found that when the mass of fraction got to 29.19×10^-3, the luminescence intensity reached the summit. And there is a phenomenon of concentration quenching. Investigation with the same concentration of Eu³⁺ at different annealed temperature, we found that the sample annealed at 400 ℃, the luminescence intensity achieved its maximum value, and Eu³⁺ in this matrix had a phenomenon of temperature quenching. The structural characterization of these luminescent materials was carried by used XRD and TEM. The result showed that the phosphor was in amorphous phase.     

磁性Fe3O4 /壳聚糖的化学修饰及包覆机理研究

Nano-sized Fe₃O₄ powder was prepared through an Oxygenation-Hydrothermal method. The chitosan magnetic complex was prepared by coating chitosan on the surface of Fe₃O₄ powders through Microlatex-Crosslinking Method. The product was characterized by IR， XRD， TEM， Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)， TG methods. Results show that the as-prepared powder is 25 nm in size and shows supermagnetism. The content of magnetite in microspheres is 37.8%. The mechanism for the coating reaction of chitosan to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is also suggested.     

助熔剂法制备的LaMgAl11O19∶Eun+(n=2，3)的发光特性

LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉∶Euⁿ⁺(n=2,3) was synthesized by solid state reaction using H₃BO₃ as a flux at 1 400 ℃ for 4 hours. And their luminescent properties was investigated under UV and VUV excitation. Strong pure blue emission due to d-f transition of Eu²⁺ was observed in LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉∶Eu²⁺ both in 254 nm and 147 nm excitation. At the same time, red emission due to ⁵D₀ → ⁷F_J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transition of Eu³⁺ also observed in LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉∶Eu³⁺. The dependence of emission intensity of blue/red emission on Eu²⁺ / Eu³⁺-content was evaluated. The result indicated that the blue emission intensity was arrived optimum when Eu²⁺-content was 0.10 mol·mol^-1under both UV and VUV excitation while red emission intensity reached optimum when Eu³⁺-content was 0.125 mol·mol^-1 under UV excitation. This suggests that LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉∶Eu²⁺ phosphors could be potential blue phosphor for the application in PDP.     

CexPr1-xO2-δ复合氧化物的XRD和Raman表征

A series of Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ mixed oxides were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by Raman and XRD techniques. When x value was changed from 1.0 to 0.5, only a cubic phase CeO₂ was observed. The samples were very well crystallized on decreasing x from 0.50 to 0.99. For Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ samples 465 cm^-1 and 1 150 cm^-1 Raman peaks are attributed to the Raman active F_2g mode of CeO₂. The broad peak at about 570 cm^-1 in the region of 0.3 ≤x≤ 0.99 can be linked to lattice defects resulting in oxygen vacancies. The new band at about 195 cm^-1 may be attributed to the asymmetric vibration caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies. Calcination temperatures had great effect on the peak intensity for CeO₂ but less effect on Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O_2-δ in Raman spectra. It might be due to the transformation of the colors for the mixed oxides, the insertion of Pr atom into the ceria lattice could enhance the sintering resistance and thermal stability of the mixed oxides.     

预氧化固气法合成LiNiO2的研究

LiNiO₂ was prepared by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of thoroughly-mixed LiOH·H₂O and preoxidation nanometer-scale Ni₃O₂(OH)₄ powders in O₂ at the temperature of 700℃ for 6h. The products were tested by XRD， XPS， SEM and electrochemistry methods. It was shown that product was LiNiO₂ single-phase， and the valence of nickel was +3; the average size of it was 40nm; its initial charge specific capacity is 168mAh·g^-1 and the coulomb efficiency is 90%; the second charge specific capacity is 160mAh·g^-1 and the coulomb efficiency is 96%.     

固溶体结构对Ca2-xSrxZn4Ti15O36∶Pr3+发光性质的影响

Ca_2-xSr_xZn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr red long decay phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. Photoluminescence property and crystalline and unit cell parameters of the orthorhombic were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometer and by powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. The emission intensity at 618 nm changes sharply when the concentration of Sr²⁺ (x) is less than 0.1 and the emission intensity reaches the maximum when x is equal to 0.007. There is an obviously broad excitation band at 270 nm when x is equal to 0.003 and it disappears gradually when x is over 0.01. The unit cell a parameter of Ca_2-xSr_xZn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr decreases while c parameter increases with the increases of the concentration of the doped Sr²⁺. When x is over 0.1 the value of the unit cell parameters a and c become stable. TL peaks of Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶Pr, Ca_1.993Sr_0.007Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶0.002Pr³⁺, 0.002Na⁺, are located at 62 ℃, 88 ℃, respectively, which indicates that there are deeper traps in Ca_1.993Sr_0.007Zn₄Ti₁₅O₃₆∶0.002Pr³⁺, 0.002Na⁺.     

氮和碳共掺杂TiO2纳米晶的制备及可见光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源, 冰醋酸为抑制剂, 超细铵盐为固体载体, 采用新型溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮和碳共掺杂TiO2纳米晶(N-C-TiO2) 光催化剂. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明, N-C-TiO2样品颗粒均匀, 尺寸细小, 且分散性好; 热失重分析(TGA)、 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究结果表明, 复合干凝胶经低温热处理, 使铵盐载体分解、 挥发去除, 样品为单一的锐钛矿相, N和C原子扩散进入晶格结点或间隙位置, 与TiO2化学键结合; 氮气等温吸附-脱附结果表明, 样品比表面积高达356 m2/g, 孔体积为0.27 mL/g. 以氙灯为可见光光源, 罗丹明B水溶液为模拟污染物, P25为参比催化剂, 在辐射强度为100 mW/cm2的可见光照射条件下, N-C-TiO2具有很高的光催化活性, 其可见光催化活性明显高于P25.     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛上[Cu-O-Cu]2+物种的原位红外光谱研究

通过原位监测Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛的振动动红外光谱随温度及不同处理条件的变化情况,观察到［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种的形成过程,即两个Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋在脱水过程中经二聚形成［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋,低交换度样品开始产生［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种所需脱水温度较高,通过观察不同处理条件对［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋的影响,说明Ｃｕ＾２＋是通过脱出［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋中的超各氧而被还原为Ｃｕ＾＋,较高     

Fe物种改性海胆状Nb2O5光催化降解类吩噻嗪染料

我们在合成海胆状Nb2O5纳米球光催化剂的基础上,向体系中直接引入Fe3+离子,制备了Fe物种修饰的Nb2O5纳米球。对产物进行了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N2吸附-脱附测试、紫外可见吸收谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)表征。结果表明,引入Fe3+后,Nb2O5纳米球的微观形貌和晶型结构没有发生显著变化,但其比表面积有所增加,原位复合的Fe物种以低结晶度的Fe2O3和Fe(Ⅱ)NbxOy物种分布在Nb2O5纳米球表面。相比于单一海胆状Nb2O5,Fe物种修饰的Nb2O5催化剂表现出了良好的光催化活性,能高效且选择性地降解类吩噻嗪染料亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲苯胺蓝(TB),原因为:(1) Fe物种可以对类吩噻嗪染料分子中的N和S形成配位吸附;(2) Fe物种与Nb2O5导带匹配,可以有效分离其光生电子,提高空穴的氧化能力;(3) Fenton反应在快速消耗光生电子的同时产生大量·OH用于染料的氧化。     

不同铈添加量对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同铈添加量的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA)储氧材料,并通过XRD、低温N2吸附-脱附、氧脉冲吸附(OSC)和H2-TPR等手段进行了表征。XRD结果表明,在1 000和1 100℃高温焙烧后,当CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最好的结构稳定性能。N2吸附-脱附结果表明,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最好的织构性能,1 000℃时,比表面积和孔容分别为:136.6 m2.g-1和0.38 mL.g-1;1 100℃时,比表面积和孔容分别为:83.7 m2.g-1和0.23 mL.g-1。OSC结果显示,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最大的储氧量,1 000℃和1 100℃分别为70μmol.g-1和31μmol.g-1。H2-TPR结果表明,CeO2添加量为8%时样品具有最佳的还原性能。     

NH0-1+2-3离解能等的高级ab initio计算与评价

A recent experimental determination[1] of the dissociation energies (D0) for H2N-H, H2N+-H and H2N-H+, the ionization energies for NH3 and NH2 resulted in large deviations when compared with those of the earlier values and the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) ab initio calculations. We have performed some higher level ab initio calculations on these data by utilizing the Gaussian 92/DFT and Gaussian 94 pakages of programs and have assessed the available experimental values. Our calculations were carried out at the QCISD (TQ)/aug-cc-pVDZ, G2(QCI), QCISD(T)/6-311 ++G(3df,3pd) and QCISD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Geometries were optimized at both of the MP2(full)/6-31G(d) and the MP2(full)/6-31(d,p) levels, and were compared with those of the experiments if available. The MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) tight-optimized geometries for the neutrals are closer to those of the experiments than those of the MP2 (full)/6-31G(d), and are in excellent agreement with the experimental results as shown in Table 1. In this case, we assumed that the optimized geometries for the cations would be better if p polarization functions are added to the hydrogen atoms. We firstly noted that the symmetry of the NH3+ cation was D3h, other than Cs. as reported in ref.[1]. All of the zero-point energies and the final geometries are calculated at the MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. We have also repeated the QCISD(T )/6-311 + G(3df,2p) calculations of ref. [1], because we could not identify their level of goemetry optimization. It is found that the total energy, -55.244 19 Hartrees, for NH2+(1A1 ) in ref.[1] might be in error. Our result is -55.336 29 Hartrees at the same level of theory. At our highest level [QCISD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ] of calculations as shown in Table 3, the D0 (temperature at zero Kelvin) values of H2N-H, H2N+-H(3B1for NH2+ ) and H2N- H+ are 4.51, 5.49 and 8.00 eV, respectively. These data reported in re f.[1] were 4.97, 5.59 and 8.41 eV, respectively. Our result on D0(H2N-H) supports the work of ref.[2,3,5,6]. The ionization energies (IE) for NH3 and NH2 (3B1 for NH2+) at our highest level are 10.11 and 11.09 eV while in ref.[1] were 10.16 and 10.78 eV, respectively. For the latter, our result supports the experiment of ref.[3]. Our predicted D0 for HN2+-H and IE for NH2 (1A1 for each NH2+) are 6.80 and 12.39 eV, respectively. These values differ greatly from the predicted values (9.29 and 14.88 eV) of ref.[1] where the total energy of NH2+(1A1) might be in error. The D0 value for HN-H has not been found in ref.[1]. Our result supports the work of ref.[3]. We have also derived all of these values at the temperature of 298K and under the pressure of 101kPa at several levels of thoery as shown in Table 3. On examining the experiment of ref.[1] in detail, it is easy to find that all of the larger deviations might be from a too high value of the appearance potential of proton AP(H+). Indeed, ref.[1] has mentioned that the determintion of AP(H+), due to kinetic shift, would lead to a hihger value for the dissociation energy as has been pointed out by Berkowitz and Ruscic. In this work, we concluded that, besides some mistakes in the theoretical calculations of ref.[1], the dissociation energies for H2N-H and H2N-H+,the IE for NH2 (3B1 for NH2+) might also be unreliable and need to be re-examined.
     

Effect of heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity of manganese nodules leached residue towards decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical characterization of manganese nodule leached residue (MNLR) and water-washed manganese nodule leached residue (WMNLR) has been investigated on the basis of chemical analysis, XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, surface hydroxyl groups, surface oxygen, reducing and oxidizing sites, surface area. XRD and IR confirm the presence of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, delta-MnO2, which are converted to alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Mn2O3 phases above 400 degrees C of calcination, respectively. A solid solution of Fe2O3 and Mn2O3 is formed above 700 degrees C. The surface area, surface hydroxyl group, surface oxygen, reducing and oxidizing sites increase with the increase in calcination temperature up to 400 degrees C and then decrease with further rise in calcination temperature up to 700 degrees C. The catalytic activity of the sample towards H2O2 decomposition shows the similar trend as surface properties. A suitable Mn(3+)Mn4+ couple favours H2O2 decomposition reaction. The activity has been correlated with various physico-chemical properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new cyclic phosph(V)azane ligand [(C6H5N)P(O)H]2 and its zinc(II) complex

The new cyclic phosph(V)azane ligand [(C₆H₅N)P(O)H]₂ (2) is obtained from the reaction between PCl₃ and PhNH₂ in toluene followed by controlled hydrolysis of the product in an H₂O–CHCl₃ solution. Compound 2 is the first example of P(V) dimer [(µ-NC₆H₅)P(H)=O]₂, a P₂N₂ ring with two P(O)H moieties. The reaction of 2 with ZnCl₂ in a molar ratio of 1?:?1 in tetrahydrofuran yields the cyclophosph(V)azane complex Cl₂Zn[(C₆H₅N)P(O)H]₂ (3) in which Zn–O bonds form directly between a cyclic phosph(V)azane ligand and Zn(II). The products have been characterized by infrared, multinuclear (¹H, ³¹P, ¹³C) NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.     

空心介孔WO3球的制备及光催化性能

采用喷雾干燥法制备中空偏钨酸铵球,通过调整热处理温度制备空心介孔WO3球。结果表明:具有Keggin结构的[H2W12O40]6-金属簇的破坏温度区间为417~439℃;在热处理温度为500、550℃,仍有少量的铵根和结合水没有分解,除了WO3外,还存在(NH4)0.06WO3(H2O)0.11;当热处理温度在600℃以上时,偏钨酸铵完全分解为WO3;热处理温度为700℃,保温时间为2h,得到空心介孔WO3球。其形成机理为:空心的偏钨酸铵球,在热处理过程中由于各亚晶的位向不一致,各亚晶沿着[002]晶向择优生长,亚晶形成狭长颗粒,从而在空心球表面形成了介孔;但当热处理温度为800℃,保温时间为2 h,晶粒与晶粒之间通过合并而长大,孔道也随之消失;空心介孔WO3球具有良好的光催化效果,500 W高压汞灯照射150 min甲基蓝的降解率为65.9%。     

[Et_4N]_2[Zn_2(OPh)_2Cl_4]的合成和晶体结构

ZnCl2, PhONa和Et4NCl稨2O在乙腈溶剂中反应合成了一种二核锌配合物[Et4N]2[Zn2(OPh)2Cl4]。X射线衍射结果表明,晶体属单斜晶系,C2/m空间群,晶胞参数 a = 14.1366(2), b=13.6985(5), c=9.3308(3)牛?107.851(2)o, V=1719.92(9)?,C28H50O2N2Zn2Cl4,Mr=721.24,Z=2,Dx=1.393g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=1.732mm—1,F(000)=756, R=0.0552, wR=0.1534, S=1.027。 配合物是由2个阳离子Et4N+和1个阴离子[Zn2(OPh)2Cl4]2—组成。阴离子[Zn2(OPh)2Cl4]2—包含着1个中心Zn2O2菱形平面。配合物中的2个锌原子通过2个苯酚中的氧原子桥连,每个锌原子还与2个氯原子配位形成变形四面体结构。