松针样品中多氯联苯的分析方法研究

研究了松针中多氯联苯（PCB）质量比测定方法。用硅胶预处理柱处理样品,加标回收实验结果表明回收率在90％左右。分别测定了不同地区的松针样品中PCB的质量比,据此可评价不同地点的PCB污染程度。样品预处理和分析方法简单、可靠、易行,重现性好。     

生物,环境样品和食品中铅的痕量分析

主要根据近七年来发表的有关论文，综述了我国生物、环境样品和食品中铅和痕量分析技术进展，内容包括分子光谱、原子光谱、电化学和其他分析方法，以及联用技术和前处理等方面，收集文献３９３篇。     

生物样品中多氯联苯的微波皂化萃取气相色谱法测定

以KOH－甲醇－正己烷为皂化萃取溶剂,利用微波皂化萃取－气相色谱法测定了生物样品中的多氯联苯（PCBs）,实现了在皂化的同时对待测物的萃取。方法的检出限为质量分数6.25×10     

微波皂化萃取气相色谱法测定生物样品中的多氯联苯

１引言 多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的性质稳定、毒性大,贻贝等海洋生物能摄取和富集海水中的ＰＣＢｓ,因此研究其中ＰＣＢｓ的测定具有重要意义。生物样品中 ＰＣＢｓ的测定一般要进行预分离处理,索氏萃取分离 ＰＣＢｓ耗时至少８ｈ,加碱皂化生物组织再以液－液萃取提取ＰＣＢｓ需要在沸水浴中回流１～２ｈ,微波直接革取能有效地分离环境样品中的ＰＣＢｓ。本文利用微波皂化萃取（ＭＡＳＥ）气相色谱法（ＧＣ）测定生物样品中的多氯联苯,实验以未受ＰＣＢｓ污染的淡水鱼为空白,用正交试验系统优化了微波功率、微波加热时间、皂化及萃取溶…     

火焰发射法测定生物样品食品及水质中痕量锂

锂是生命科学中重要的微量元素之一,它与人类健康密切相关。头发,血清,尿液等通常为测定样本。近年来,食品和水质中的锂引起高度重视,尤其是矿泉水中的锂是重要的检验指标之一。通常情况下,大多数样品中锂的含量极微,火焰原子吸收法灵敏度往往达不到试验要求。本文研究了锂的火焰发射分析的试验技术。结果表明,此法灵敏度高于文献[2]报道的火焰原子吸收法灵敏度(20ng·ml~(-1))100倍,各项试验指标均符合试验要求,方法简便易行,具有较好的应用性。     

生物样品中手性多氯联苯对映体的分离测定

建立了生物样品中12种手性多氯联苯(CB 45、CB 84、CB 91、CB 95、CB 131、CB 132、CB 136、CB 149、CB 171、CB 174、CB 176和CB 183)对映体的分离测定方法.样品经索氏抽提,抽提液依次经凝胶渗透色谱柱、氧化铝硅胶复合柱和弗罗里硅土柱净化和分离后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪( GC - EI/MS)进行定性定量分析,计算目标化合物的对映体分数(EF).结果显示,鱼肉样品中共检出10种手性PCBs,其分离度在0.5～2.1之间.样品平行样中EF值的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2％.利用两根不同手性色谱柱分离CB 84、CB 91和CB 174的手性对映体,其EF值的RSD分别为1.2％、0.2％和0.2％,表明方法的准确度较高.     

生物样品中痕量铬的直接快速极谱测定

1　引　　言微量铬的测定常用比色法和原子吸收分光光度法 ,但灵敏度不高。本实验为寻找一个灵敏、快速的测定痕量铬的新的极谱测定体系进行实验研究。结果表明 :在 0 .2 4mol/LNaNO2 4× 10 -5mol/L 2 ,2′ 联吡啶 1.6× 10 -5mol/L溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB) (pH 8.0 )体系中 ,铬 在 - 1.39V(vs·SCE)附近有一灵敏、尖锐的二阶导数峰 ,其峰电流与Cr 浓度在 0～ 0 .0 2 0mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系。据此建立了测定生物样品猪肝及猪肾中痕量铬的简便方法。2　实验部分2 .1　仪器与试剂　JP 30 3型示波极谱仪 (成都仪器厂 ) ,…     

螯合树脂分离富集痕量稀土及生物样品中痕量稀土的测定

采用大孔螯合型丙烯酸系氨羧基离子交换树脂,在pH4.5、0.10mol/1α-羟基异丁酸介质中富集痕量稀土,以0.1mol/l盐酸为淋洗剂,可定量洗脱稀土并与钙、镁、铁、铜分离。方法可用于人发、结石、花生、葡萄、草莓、黄瓜、猪肝等生物样品中痕量稀土的测定。     

复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物的样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

核苷、胺、氨基酸等极性小分子化合物是生物、食品、环境等领域重要的研究对象,但各种复杂基体中痕量极性小分子的分离分析需要高效的前处理介质和技术以及快速灵敏的分析方法。本文综述了硅胶材料、有机聚合物、炭材料和硼酸材料等样品前处理分离介质及反相液相色谱、亲水作用色谱等分析方法在复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物分析中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。     

Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Water by Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Procedure and Gas-Chromatography

Polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic pollutants characterized by persistence in the atmosphere and ability to accumulate in food chains. Like other persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls are still present in the environment despite their almost worldwide prohibition. In this study we propose a simple and a rapid liquid-liquid microextraction procedure to determine ten representative polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in rain and mineral water. The procedure combined extraction and concentration in a single step followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The proposed methodology showed good linearity, reproducibility, and a limit of detection with a range of 10–30 ng/l. Real mineral water samples were analyzed using the optimized method.     

土壤中多氯联苯成分分析标准物质的研制与定值

介绍了土壤中多氯联苯成分分析标准物质研制与定值方法。土壤采自我国东部某变压器油污染地区,经过风干、研磨、筛分、烘干和混匀后加工处理并装1000瓶。随机抽取20瓶做瓶间均匀性检验;随机抽取两瓶,每瓶取5份,做瓶内均匀性检验。分析测试结果经过F检验和t检验,在95%置信区间内。经过一年时间-18℃和20℃稳定性检验,分析测试结果经过t检验在95%置信区间内。标准物质利用同位素稀释质谱法对14种共平面和指示性多氯联苯同类物定值,并经过4个实验室进行试用,进一步验证了定值的准确性。此标准物质于2006年3月通过国家一级标准物质的终审。本实验所提出的有机污染物标准物质的制备方法,对在我国开展环境分析质控产品的研制具有参考和借鉴价值。     

Rapid Chromatography for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by GC-MS in Environmental Monitoring

A method for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental and biological materials has been developed. This method includes rapid chromatography requiring less than 10 min using an HT-8 capillary column at 30 m × 0.25 mm i.d. Rapid chromatography was performed using a column temperature gradient from 80 to 310°C at a rate of 40°C/min. Low-resolution mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode of simultaneous detection of 12 target ions is suggested for detection of PCBs peaks. The method not only enabled us to reduce time of analysis but also to increase the efficiency of separating PCB peaks from interferences and to reduce levels of detection of analytes resulting in a minimized sample preparation stage. The last includes extraction of the PCBs using organic solvents, preliminary alkaline hydrolysis in the case of biological objects, and cleaning up the extracts on compact cartridges. The method was tested in monitoring studies for these contaminants in soils, sediments, snow cover, fish tissues, and seal blubber. Total PCBs and isomer congener groups of the same chlorination degree and seven indicator congeners (IUPAC No.'s 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) are determined with a high degree of certainty. The PCB concentrations were in the range of 1–700 ng/g dry weight for environmental samples and 500–25000 ng/g lipids for biota. The method yields measurements of total PCBs and isomer groups with a precision no greater than 10% and no greater than 15% for the indicator congeners.     

加速溶剂萃取-硅胶萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法检测地表水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯

建立了加速溶剂萃取-硅胶固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱同时检测地表水中15种有机氯农药(OCPs)和82种多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法.对影响OCPs和PCBs回收率的主要因素进行优化,得出最优的萃取条件:3次静态萃取循环,100℃的萃取温度,丙酮/正己烷(1∶1,V/V)为萃取液,静态萃取10 min.在最优条件下,15种OCPs和82种PCBs在加标水溶液中的回收率分别为70.9％～130％和52.5％～89.1％.日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为1.7％～16.1％和2.4％ ～33.3％.OCPs和PCBs混合标样在10～ 800 μg/L范围内线性相关系数(R2)均大于0.995.OCPs和PCBs方法检测限分别为0.13 ～0.38 ng/L和0.10 ～0.32 ng/L.相比于传统萃取方法,本方法回收率高、萃取时间短、试剂用量少.应用本方法测得北京城区地表水中OCPs和PCBs的含量范围分别为n.d.～ 3.45 ng/L和n.d.～4.88 ng/L.     

Monitoring of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Water Using Liquid Extraction,GC/MS,and GC/ECD

Abstract

A rapid and reliable analytical method, at trace level concentration was developed and validated for monitoring polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Jordanian surface water. The method combines the advantage of liquid extraction together with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector (GC/ECD). The performance of the method was evaluated by analyzing certified reference material (CRM) of the analytes and applied on real water samples collected from different sites in Jordan. A mixture of 60∶40 dichloromethan‐petroleum ether was chosen as a convenient binary solvent for liquid–liquid extraction. The GC conditions for GC/MS were optimized using He as a carrier gas, temperature programming, and chlorpropham as an internal standard (IS).

The conditions for GC/ECD were performed using N₂ gas and a temperature program from 160 to 280°C with different increasing rates. The method of GC/MS in the selective ion mode (SIM) gave linear relationships for all PCBs tested between 0.60–6.0 µg/l with R ²=0.9934 (n=7×18). Recoveries from spiked water samples ranged between 87.6 and 91.4%. The mean accuracy and precision obtained were 4.9% and 2.16%, respectively. The mean of detection limit was 0.14±0.04 µg/l. In GC/ECD, linear relationships for all PCBs examined over the range of 0.3–2.4 µg/l was verified as characterized by a linear regression equation and correlation coefficient, R ²=0.9915 (n=12). The average precision and accuracy were 4.86% and 5.21%, respectively. Analyses results clarified that none of the examined Jordanian water samples contained any of the searched for PCBs within the detection limit achieved.     

A Novel Fiber with Phenyl-Functionalized MSU (Michigan State University) Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Environmental Water Samples

A novel and robust phenyl-functionalized MSU-1 (Ph-MSU) coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the preconcentration and the determination of 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28), 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 31), 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52), 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 101), 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118), 2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 138), 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153), and 2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB 180) in environmental water samples. Experimental conditions affecting SPME were examined in detail. The Ph-MSU coating provided large porosity and short-range mesostructures necessary for high extraction capacity and rapid mass transfer of PCBs. The Ph-MSU coated fiber exhibited selectivity for PCB 28, PCB 31, PCB 118, and PCB 138 in a limited extraction time. Good linearity for all PCBs was obtained with correlation coefficients from 0.9987 to 0.9994. The recoveries were within 94.3% to 103% for the spiked water with 300 ng · L^?1 per PCB. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 3.10% to 6.23% and the limits of detection (LODs) were between 8.73 ng · L^?1 and 13.8 ng · L^?1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of PCBs in real river water and rainwater samples. The median recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 118% with RSDs between 4.23% and 8.78%. The experimental results demonstrated that the Ph-MSU fiber coating could be reused for over 250 times without loss of the extraction efficiency. These results clearly indicate that the Ph-MSU coated fiber was rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the preconcentration and determination of trace PCBs in environmental water samples.     

近海贻贝、牡蛎中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱法测定

应用毛细管柱气相色谱技术对大连近海的贻贝、牡蛎体中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行了分析研究;贻贝、牡蛎样品中有机氯和多氯联苯经超声提取、柱色谱分离后 ,由GC -ECD测定 ,检出了8种有机氯农药(α_666、β_666、γ_666、δ_666、o,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDD、p,p′_DDT)和10种多氯联苯(PCB28、PCB52、PCB155、PCB101、PCB112、PCB118、PCB153、PCB138、PCB180、PCB198);有机氯农药含量分布在0.16×10-9～37.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为77 %～89% ;多氯联苯含量分布在0.03×10-9～28.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为75 %～101%。     

Optimisation of Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Seven Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Feed Samples

Pressurized Liquid Extraction was utilized for the extraction of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (28, 52, 101, 118, 153, and 180) from a naturally contaminated fishmeal and two feed samples fortified with a naturally contaminated fish oil sample. In order to assure sufficient extraction efficiencies, the extraction solvent, the extraction temperature, and the flush volume were optimised by a factorial design approach. The results of the analyses revealed that the impact of these parameters on the extraction of PCBs differed depending on which matrix that was analysed. For fishmeal, an elevated extraction temperature was important to obtain the highest values for the recovery rates whereas for the feed samples high extraction efficiencies could be obtained for all temperatures investigated in the study. In addition, the solvent had an impact on the extraction of PCBs, however, the influence was less pronounced than the impact of temperature. The final conditions, resulting in high recovery rates for all PCBs in all matrices, were found to be temperatures above 100°C using n-heptane as extraction solvent, while the flush volume had very limited effects on the extraction efficiency.     

金属-有机纳米管分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱高灵敏分析环境水样中痕量多氯联苯

采用含铅金属-有机纳米管为吸附剂,基于分散固相萃取和气相色谱-串联质谱建立了一种高灵敏分析环境水样中痕量多氯联苯的方法.采用正交设计响应面法对影响萃取效果的重要因素(如离子强度、萃取时间和吸附剂用量等)进行了优化.获得的最优条件为:离子强度4.92 %(w/V)NaCl,萃取时间4.5 min,正己烷为解吸剂,吸附剂用量62.5 mg.在优化条件下,方法的线性范围为2~1000 ng/L,检出限为0.26~0.82 ng/L. 日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为0.8%~5.5% (200 ng/L, n=6)和2.7%~7.4% (200 ng/L, n=6).将本方法应用于实际环境水样中多氯联苯的分析,回收率为78.9%~113.3%,结果满意.