空间正交三轴激光陀螺的调腔技术

通过分析传统激光陀螺的调腔方式,提出了激光陀螺应在实际工作条件(具有增益能力状态)下进行调腔的观点,以及通过控制其腔长或光程长来控制反射镜的反射方向的调腔方法,并相应地设计了新的腔长控制镜结构。通过全面扫描的方式,找出了空间正交三轴激光陀螺的三腔在高质量运转时的最佳角度控制参数,解决了空间三轴激光陀螺高精度调腔的难题。     

Direct dither control without external feedback for ring laser gyro

To avoid the lock-in effect, a body dither is introduced for the ring laser gyro (RLG). A dither feedback signal is necessary to control the dither drive signal. In the current dither control method, a piezoelectric or electromagnetic transducer is often used to obtain the dither feedback. The read-out signal of the RLG contains all dither-related information; hence, dither feedback can be obtained from the read-out signal, and external feedback can be reduced. A novel dither controlling method without external feedback is introduced in the present paper. How to control the dither amplitude and track the resonant frequency of the dither motor is described in detail. A comparative experiment is conducted between the old dither control method and the new one. Results show that the output of RLG using the new method has the same accuracy as that using the old method, aside from having more compact circuit dimensions.     

激光陀螺光电探测器光窗的设计

用平面波计算拍频条纹间距时,因激光器中存在衍射效应,且实际光强分布为高斯型,故给光电探测器光窗尺寸计算带来很大误差(40%),导致系统不能正常工作。为此,以高斯光束为基础,利用光电探测器测得2路信号的相位差,通过数值计算得到2束光拍频条纹间距,由此计算得到理想相位差光电探测器的尺寸。最后,用实验验证了该设计方法的可行性,为RLG光电探测器光窗尺寸的设计提供了一种简单准确的方法。     

Model of lock-in in a ring laser and a semiconductor laser gyro

It is assumed that the process of lock-in in a ring laser has a finite transient time. This assumption serves as a basis for developing a semiconductor laser gyro. A semiconductor optical amplifier is applied as an amplifying medium, and a ring resonator represents a long optical fiber. The injection of an external single-frequency light into a ring resonator with subsequent circulation of counterpropagating waves is used. The light characteristics of the semiconductor laser gyro are discussed, and the rotation sensitivity of the gyro is demonstrated.     

机械抖动激光陀螺的高分辨率信号处理

 机械抖动激光陀螺（MDRLG）信号是两路相位差为π/2的正弦拍频信号,一般采用4倍频鉴相输出计数脉冲,利用FIR滤波和抖动剥除等方法解调抖动信号,从而得到外界输入的角速度信息。高速采集MDRLG信号,并细分为相位依次相差π/16的16路信号,实现MDRLG的8倍频、16倍频和32倍频鉴相输出。输出角速率的均方差随着倍频数的提高而减小,信号处理的分辨率得到提高。实验测试和Allan方差分析表明：32倍频时的量化误差Q从4倍频鉴相时的0.327″减小到0.170″,增加MDRLG信号鉴相的倍频数可以减小量化误差。在对MDRLG信号进行抖动剥除解调时,由于量化误差是主要误差源之一,高分辨率信号处理能够有效提高MDRLG角速度测量的精度。     

Analysis of nonlinear response in a body dithered ring laser gyro

We present a solution of the dither equation in a ring laser gyro. This solution is based on an application of Floquet theory to the linear equation derived from the original dither equation. The circumvention of the zero locking band as well as the appearance of higher order locking zones are discussed.     

Effect of backscattering on the behavior of a dye ring laser

The effect of backscattering on the behavior of a dye ring laser is investigated by photoelectric counting measurements. It is found that there exist two laser regimes, a low backscattering regime in which the laser exhibits meta-bistability and random mode switching, and a high backscattering regime in which switching is suppressed. In the latter case the photon statistics are similar to those of a single-mode standing wave dye laser.     

机械抖动激光陀螺新型信号处理方法的研究

针对高速采样低通滤波的线性脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器在机械抖动激光陀螺(MDRLG)信号处理中存在着较大的时延,限制MDRLG在快速跟踪中的应用,基于相关滤波技术提出了一种新的信号处理方法。对这一方法的基本理论进行了分析,并基于Labview实现了仿真。相关滤波后,激光陀螺输出中的抖动信号衰减了约41dB,还不能达到激光陀螺应用的要求,可以适当加一低阶的FIR低通滤波器去除抖动剥除后剩余的抖动成分和高频噪声。在静态条件下用这三种信号处理方法分别对激光陀螺零偏进行了测试。相关滤波法所测得零偏稳定性(1σ00)比50阶FIR滤波器差了将近三倍,相关滤波后再经过22阶的FIR低通滤波测得的零偏稳定性比50阶FIR低通滤波器的测试结果大了不足0.001°/h,延迟时间却从4.9ms减小至2.1ms。     

曲率变化对激光陀螺损耗及性能的影响研究

为了研究曲率半径变化对激光陀螺性能参数的影响,基于谐振腔理论,建立了衍射损耗理论计算模型,通过仿真计算了曲率变化引起激光陀螺束腰的变化,从而导致衍射损耗的变化。从光阑处衍射损耗对陀螺背向散射的影响出发,分析了束腰对激光陀螺性能的影响。通过分析计算得出:当反射镜曲率变化小于0.3 m时,引起衍射损耗变化3%,导致零偏最大变化约0.013;当反射镜曲率变化0.6 m时,引起衍射损耗变化约15%,导致零偏最大变化约0.021;而曲率半径变化大于1.5 m时,衍射损耗变化达30%以上,这将引起谐振腔失谐即无法产生激光振荡。通过改变不同曲率,测量陀螺腔损耗和性能,所得的试验结果和理论计算一致,曲率半径变化对衍射损耗和陀螺性能影响较为显著。     

激光陀螺变锁区现象的研究与讨论

通过采用减低转速的办法测得的锁区值推算出的随机游走比用Allan方 差方法拟合的随机游走要大很多. 为了解释这一问题, 建立了动态刻蚀光栅模型, 与以往的研究不同, 本文认为刻蚀光栅效应不只在驻波状态下发生, 在行波状态下也会存在, 而且与拍频频率呈现动态响应的关系. 这种模型得出了锁区随着转速的降低而不断增大的结论, 解释了长期以来困扰激光陀螺研究者的一些问题.     

基于DSP的激光陀螺稳频回路设计及其参数整定

针对某小型化激光陀螺,对基于TMS320F2810数字信号处理芯片（DSP）的激光陀螺交流抖动稳频回路设计及其参数整定进行了理论分析、Matlab数值仿真和实验研究。TMS320F2810这款芯片具有集成度高、处理速度快、功耗低和性价比高等突出优点,有利于实现激光陀螺控制系统的小型化。基于这款DSP芯片实现了某小型化激光陀螺的交流抖动稳频回路的软、硬件设计,使用衰减曲线法得到了该型激光陀螺经优化后的PID控制参数（Kp=0.048,Ki=0.059,Kd=0.013）,并根据国军标对稳频回路进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,稳频控制回路经过PID参数整定后,该小型化激光陀螺的零偏稳定性从0.025/h降到0.014/h,该稳频控制回路在目标型号激光陀螺上满足预期的性能指标要求。     

激光陀螺本征模偏振态与磁敏感特性的理论研究

环境磁场的干扰是影响激光陀螺精度的重要因素之一. 为了减小二频机械抖动激光陀螺的磁敏感性, 推导了环形腔的琼斯矩阵, 其中考虑了非共面角、增益介质、腔损耗、腔镜反射各向异性和应力双折射, 采用矩阵本征问题求解的摄动理论分析了环形腔的偏振态和磁敏感特性. 研究表明, 为了减小激光陀螺的磁敏感性, 应减小非共面角和腔损耗, 增大腔镜的反射各向异性. 腔镜应力双折射究竟会增大还是减小磁敏感性与应力作用主轴、受应力腔镜的位置有关, 此外它还会引起顺时针和逆时针模式之间的偏振非互易性. 磁敏感性与腔失谐近似成线性关系, 导致激光陀螺工作于增益峰值时磁敏感性并非最小. 这些结果对减小二频机械抖动激光陀螺的磁敏感性具有较好的指导意义. 关键词： 激光陀螺 磁敏感性 椭圆度 琼斯矩阵     

Full investigation of the backscattering in resonator fiber optic gyro

Resonator Fiber optic gyro (RFOG) is a high accuracy inertial rotation sensor based on the Sagnac effect. The optical fiber ring resonator (OFRR) is the key rotation sensing element. The backscattering characteristics of the OFRR are fully investigated. The Rayleigh backscattering dominates the backscattering spectrum with the input power below the threshold. High carrier suppression is crucial to reduce this Rayleigh backscattering error. Being different from the intrinsic Rayleigh scattering of the fiber, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the OFRR should be avoided. This is because the finesse and the resonance notch depth of the OFRR decrease for the pump depletion through the SBS process. The shot noise limited sensitivity (SLS) of the RFOG is improved by increasing the input power. Through analysis, it is found that the threshold input power is improved after phase modulation. The SLS of the RFOG is analyzed at different modulation parameters and its relevant SBS threshold. Accordingly, the optimized modulation frequency and the corresponding maximum input power are all obtained. A simple method of testing the frequency shift in the SBS is also proposed. In this method, the central frequency of the laser source is locked to the resonance frequency of the OFRR in one direction. A steady SBS light is observed and its frequency shift is measured together.     

Feature analysis of the scale factor variation on a constant rate biased ring laser gyro

Scale factor of a constant rate biased ring laser gyro (RLG) is studied both theoretically and experimentally.By analyzing experimental data, we find that there are three main terms contributing to the scale factor deviation. One of them is independent of time, the second varies linearly with time and the third varies exponentially with time. Theoretical analyses show that the first term is caused by experimental setup,the second and the third are caused by un-uniform thermal expension and cavity loss variation of the RLG.     

Mode-locked ring lasers for the backscattering measurement of mirrors

A new method for measuring the backscattering produced by mirrors is presented. A mode-locked ring laser allows us to achieve more sensitivity than with any other technique. The present sensitivity to a minimum intensity backscattering coefficient (ratio of backscattered versus incident intensity) of 10(-15) can be enhanced through stabilization. We compare results realized with this technique with results issued from classical bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements.     

激光陀螺光路变动分析及其对陀螺性能的影响

分析了腔平移镜这一引起激光陀螺光路变动的主要因素,旨在揭示腔平移镜影响激光陀螺内部光路的机理及其影响的大小。通过分析计算得出,腔平移镜歪扭引起激光陀螺内部光束通过光栏中心位置时产生的横向位移相当于光栏半径10%~20%的变化。通过搭建光路测试系统,验证了腔平移镜歪扭的变化主要造成了激光陀螺内部光束通过光栏中心位置的变化这一结论,分析了这一变化对激光陀螺性能影响的机理。     

Resonance asymmetry phenomenon in waveguide-type optical ring resonator gyro

The intensity output of a silica waveguide ring resonator (WRR) was found to show an asymmetric resonance characteristic. To further analyze and better design the resonator micro optic gyro (RMOG) with a waveguide-type ring resonator, in-depth research of the characteristics of the resonance asymmetry is fully developed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Four possible sources of the resonance asymmetry are analyzed and their respective contributions are compared. These four error sources are differential normal mode losses in the coupler, the backscattering induced noises, the polarization fluctuations and the optical Kerr effect. The differential normal mode loss is suspected to be the major contributor to the observed resonance asymmetry in the fabricated silica WRR. Asymmetric resonance curve produces a large output bias error in the RMOG based on the phase modulation technique, which is related to the modulation frequency differences between the CW and CCW lightwaves. Theoretical analysis shows that replacing the reflector WRR with a transmitter one is helpful to eliminate the effect of the different normal mode losses in the coupler on the resonance asymmetry.